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What is HIV...

y Human immunodeficiency virus

y A lentivirus which has RNA-retrovirus

y

Two types exist viz HIV 1 and 2y HIV 2 is associated with the syndromes we see

today.

y Can copy its RNA into DNA and gets embedded

into host structure

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Structure of HIV

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HIV cont...

yRetroviruses possess enzyme reverse

transcriptase

yThis enzyme allows viral RNA to becopied into DNA which then is

incorporated into the host cell.

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Pathogenesis - how does it cause

disease

HIV cell has a surface glycoprotein(gp)

This attaches to the CD4 T lymphocytes.

Once the virus enters the cell, the reversetrancriptase enzyme replicates by making a DNAcopy of its RNA,

This DNA copy then becomes inserted into thehost cell chromosomal DNA.

This process is critical for the formation of newviruses in the body.

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HIV/AIDS and The Economy

Pathways of influence

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HIV/AIDS and The Economy

Pathways of influence -Cont

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HIV/AIDS and Investment for Economic Growth

and Development

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Labour productivity the diminishing ways:

HIV/AIDS workers become less able to work at

advanced stages.

Loss of skilled workers through HIV/AIDS.

Replacement by less skilled workers who need

time to acquire skills.

Labour productivity the diminishing ways:

HIV/AIDS workers become less able to work at

advanced stages.

Loss of skilled workers through HIV/AIDS.

Replacement by less skilled workers who need

time to acquire skills.

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Overall:

Overall:

HIV/AIDS and Investment for Economic

Growth and Development Cont.



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HIV/AIDS and Poverty InteractionHIV/AIDS and Poverty Interaction

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Poverty exposes the workforce to HIV/AIDS

Poverty drives girls and women to exchange sex

for basic needs e.g. food, shelter

Abject poverty leads to casual, day-to-day

existence characterised by survival needs.

In extreme cases, poverty fosters a fatalistic

attitude that manifests in indifference to high-risksexual and other behaviours.

Poverty exposes the workforce to HIV/AIDS

Poverty drives girls and women to exchange sex

for basic needs e.g. food, shelter

Abject poverty leads to casual, day-to-day

existence characterised by survival needs.

In extreme cases, poverty fosters a fatalistic

attitude that manifests in indifference to high-risksexual and other behaviours.

HIV/AIDS and Poverty InteractionHIV/AIDS and Poverty Interaction

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In suchIn such circumsatncescircumsatnces affected individualsaffected individuals

are poorly motivated and poorly equippedare poorly motivated and poorly equipped

to take requisite steps to protectto take requisite steps to protect

themselves from HIV.themselves from HIV.

HIV/AIDS reduces the quantity and quality of

labour.

HIV/AIDS deprives younger generations of schooland skills.

HIV/AIDS is an obstacle to sustainable

development.

In suchIn such circumsatncescircumsatnces affected individualsaffected individuals

are poorly motivated and poorly equippedare poorly motivated and poorly equipped

to take requisite steps to protectto take requisite steps to protect

themselves from HIV.themselves from HIV.

HIV/AIDS reduces the quantity and quality of

labour.

HIV/AIDS deprives younger generations of schooland skills.

HIV/AIDS is an obstacle to sustainable

development.

HIV/AIDS and Poverty Interaction Cont.HIV/AIDS and Poverty Interaction Cont.

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THE VICIOUS CYCLETHE VICIOUS CYCLE

ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE GLOBALISATION

POVERTY HIV/AIDS

ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE GLOBALISATION

POVERTY HIV/AIDS

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HIV/AIDS AS A WORKPLACE ISSUEHIV/AIDS AS A WORKPLACE ISSUE

HIV/AIDS prevalence is highest in the working population (over

33 million adults aged 15 49 years were living with HIV at the

end of 2007)

The workplace bears the brunt of the deepest impacts of the

epidemic through:

Increased absenteeism

Increased cost of doing business

Rehiring and retraining of new employees.

The critical importance of the workplace in economic growth can

never be underestimated.

HIV/AIDS prevalence is highest in the working population (over

33 million adults aged 15 49 years were living with HIV at the

end of 2007)

The workplace bears the brunt of the deepest impacts of the

epidemic through:

Increased absenteeism

Increased cost of doing business

Rehiring and retraining of new employees.

The critical importance of the workplace in economic growth can

never be underestimated.

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This places the world of work as a vital front in efforts tocurb the epidemic.

In the healthcare sector, HIV/AIDS must be treated as anyother occupational hazard or disease e.g. in the case of

needle-stick injuries.In many cases at workplaces, there is stigma anddiscrimination.

These are critical ingredients for perpetuating the spread ofthe virus as infected people are discouraged from VCT.

In sum, the world of work becomes the specific andessential focus of action in mitigating the effects ofthe epidemic.

This places the world of work as a vital front in efforts tocurb the epidemic.

In the healthcare sector, HIV/AIDS must be treated as anyother occupational hazard or disease e.g. in the case of

needle-stick injuries.In many cases at workplaces, there is stigma anddiscrimination.

These are critical ingredients for perpetuating the spread ofthe virus as infected people are discouraged from VCT.

In sum, the world of work becomes the specific andessential focus of action in mitigating the effects ofthe epidemic.

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AVAILABLE INSTRUMENTSAVAILABLE INSTRUMENTS

ILO Code of practice on HIV/AIDS and theWorld of WorkPromulgated in 2001 by the ILO Committee of Experts

Pioneering document developed following tripartite consultations

at ILO level.

Was to serve as the guiding framework for member states in

developing national laws and practices.

M

ain highlights of the codeScope

covers all employers and workers including job

applicants, seasonal/contract/casual workers.

covers all aspects of work,formaland informal.

ILO Code of practice on HIV/AIDS and theWorld of WorkPromulgated in 2001 by the ILO Committee of Experts

Pioneering document developed following tripartite consultations

at ILO level.

Was to serve as the guiding framework for member states in

developing national laws and practices.

M

ain highlights of the codeScope

covers all employers and workers including job

applicants, seasonal/contract/casual workers.

covers all aspects of work,formaland informal.

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AVAILABLE INSTRUMENTS - ContAVAILABLE INSTRUMENTS - Cont

Key principles Recognition of HIV/AIDS as a workplace issue

Non-discrimination there should be no such as thisnon-discrimination inhibits efforts aimed at promoting

prevention.

Gender- Inequality

women are more vulnerable compared to their malecounterparts.

this is so because of biological, socio-cultural and

economic reasons.

Key principles Recognition of HIV/AIDS as a workplace issue

Non-discrimination there should be no such as thisnon-discrimination inhibits efforts aimed at promoting

prevention.

Gender- Inequality

women are more vulnerable compared to their malecounterparts.

this is so because of biological, socio-cultural and

economic reasons.

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Healthy working environment

Social dialogue there must be co-operation and

trust between employer and employees if there is tobe successful implementation of workplace policies.

HIV Screening for the purposes of

employment. Confidentiality

Continuation of employment relationship.

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Prevention

where possible must be promoted through

Behavioural change strategies

Health education and promotion initiatives

A non-discriminatory working environment

Treatment, care and support infected workers are entitled to this in the same way as

they are entitled to anyother disease treatment.

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Implementation gap

The code is merely a set of guidelines

Member states can choose to implement it ornot.

It is a non-binding document and therefore

neither of the social partners are obliged to

implement it.

This has contributed to slow progress in

mitigating the impact of the scourge.

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SADC code of Practice on

HIV/AIDS and employment

Based on the principles of the ILO Code. More obliged to the labour aspect.

A more prescriptive document.

Also a voluntary instrument, no guarantee ofproper implementation being followed.

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In Zimbabwe we have:

Statutory Instrument 202 of 1998

Addresses HIV/AIDS and the labour sector

Has the same general principles as in IO Code

Efforts are underway to repeat the instrument.

We have also ratified ILO OSH ConventionsOccupational Health Services Conventions (161)

Occupational Safety and Health Conventions (155)

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HIV/AIDS and the World of Work

New Autonomous Recommendation

Adopted after two rounds of constructive debate

amongst the social partners (2009 2010).

Took effect after its adoption of the 99th ILC in

Geneva 2010.

Backed by a normative instrument in the form of

a resolution passed by the ILC.

This resolution is meant to bridge the

implementation gaps inherent in a

recommendation.

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The instrument to:reinforce the impact of ILO Code of practicePromote coordinated action among key

workplace actors.support national HIV/AIDS programmes through

a strengthened world of work response.take on board new developments in HIV/AIDS

epidemic and global response.Mitigate economic and social burden caused by

the multi-sectorial effects of the scourge.

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Key principlesThe same 10 principles as in the ILO code Distinct difference between the Code and the

RecommendationRecommendation is backed by a resolution making itmore binding.

Member states are expected to regularly report tothe ILO with regards progress.

Member states ownership since there was morediscussion by full representation of tripartitemembers

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Workplace Policies And

Programmes On HIV/AIDS

A workplace HIV policyprovides a statement of commitment and a

framework of action.

lays down a standard of behaviour and givesguidance to supervisors and managers.helps infected and affected employees understand

what support and care they can expect in the

enterprise.What from should it take?employer-employee collaborationactive involvement of people living with HIV

it must have a framework of implementing.

A workplace HIV policyprovides a statement of commitment and a

framework of action.

lays down a standard of behaviour and givesguidance to supervisors and managers.helps infected and affected employees understand

what support and care they can expect in the

enterprise.What from should it take?employer-employee collaborationactive involvement of people living with HIV

it must have a framework of implementing.

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Programmes On HIV/AIDS Cont.

What should it cover?must be based on the 10 key principles of the ILO

Code and the new recommendation.

A Workplace programmeThis translates paper policies and commitments

into practical action.

It must have comprehensive programes in:Prevention, care and support

What should it cover?must be based on the 10 key principles of the ILO

Code and the new recommendation.

A Workplace programmeThis translates paper policies and commitments

into practical action.

It must have comprehensive programes in:Prevention, care and support

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Programmes On HIV/AIDS Cont.

ImplementingManagement and worker representatives

must be on board

May need workshops, training, seminarsetc.

Agree on a clear plan of action and

choose a steering committee to drive theprocess.

ImplementingManagement and worker representatives

must be on board

May need workshops, training, seminarsetc.

Agree on a clear plan of action and

choose a steering committee to drive theprocess.

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CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

HIV/AIDS IS A WORKPL

ACE ISSUE.We need collaborative efforts amongst social partners if

we are to be successful in reversing its impact

A new ILO Instrument (HIV/AIDS and the WorldofWork)will provide us with opportunities to:

Mainstream gender into HIV and AIDS workplacepolicies and programmes.

Preserve the gains made with HAART at national level.

Strengthen prevention efforts.

Strengthen social dialogue and tripartism throughworkplace action.

We must and can rise up to the challenge.

HIV/AIDS IS A WORK

PLACE ISSUE.

We need collaborative efforts amongst social partners ifwe are to be successful in reversing its impact

A new ILO Instrument (HIV/AIDS and the WorldofWork)will provide us with opportunities to:

Mainstream gender into HIV and AIDS workplacepolicies and programmes.

Preserve the gains made with HAART at national level.

Strengthen prevention efforts.

Strengthen social dialogue and tripartism throughworkplace action.

We must and can rise up to the challenge.

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hiv aids1

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