hitler to 1933
TRANSCRIPT
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Adolf Hitler
He was born in 1889
Dreamed of being an artist
Left school at 16
At 18, went to Vienna to make his living
Failed to gain admission to ViennaAcademy of Fine Arts
Next 5 years lived on charity
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Years of Misery
Shaped his thoughts
Hitler became influenced by writings of
Karl Laager, the Mayor of Vienna
Karl was anti-Semitic
Hitler developed a deep hatred for the
Communists and the Jews
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Honours in WW I
Hitler served a corporal in the German army
Hitler was honoured for his bravery
German surrender brought him pain
He cried!
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His anguish
“So it had all been in vain. In vain all the
sacrifices. In vain the hours in which, with
mortal fear clutching at our hearts we didour duty. In vain the death of two millions.
Had they died for this, so that a gang of
wretched criminals could lay hands on thefatherland?”
Mein Kampf, Adolf Hitler
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Political Career
In 1920 he joined the National SocialistGerman Workers' Party (NSDAP), better
known as the Nazi Party Hitler's political propaganda and
promotions gave him mass support
He was especially with the urban bourgeoisie
In 1921, Hitler became the Party Chairman
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Failure of Munich Putsch
When the Munich Putsch failed, Hitler was
placed in jail
He used his trial to gain nationwide
attention for his cause.
Hitler served nine months of his 5-year
sentence in prison, where he wrote thefamous Mein Kampf
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Mein Kampf (My Struggle)
“Should the Jew, with the aid of his Marxist
creed, triumph over the people of this
world, his crown will be the funeral wreathof mankind, and this planet will orbit
through space without any human life on its
surface as it did millions of years ago.”
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Rise in reputation
Failure of Putsch made Hitler realised thathe had to obtain power through the polls
Re-organised the NSDAP Nazi used moderate means to gain political
support
Held meetings, rallies, marches Used books, the newspapers, radio to spread
their ideas (p. 106)
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Depression hit Germany
Germany found herself in deep trouble
Weimar Republic was not up to the task
Even Weimar politicians began to show
their lack of faith in democracy
Hindenburg, the President did not believe
that the Reichstag could solve the problem
of Germany
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Failure of Weimar Govt
Hindenburg began to rule by presidential decree – a form of dictatorship
Between 1930 – 1932, there were 3 elections andseveral changes of government
1n the 1930 elections, there was a shift in popularity to the extremist parties
The Communists secured 77 seats, up from 54 Nazis, down to 12 seats before the election,
secured 107 seats
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Increasing popularity
In 1932, Hitler stood for presidential elections
He came in second only to Hindenburg
In the Reichstag elections of same year, Nazisincreased their vote to 37% of votes cast
They obtained 230 seats
Became the biggest single party in the Reichstag
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Hitler could have been
stopped If the other parties had united against him
But the Socialists and the Communists could not
work together 1933, Chancellor Franz von Paten, leader of a
group of right-wing politicians made an alliancewith Hitler
Persuaded Hindenburg to appoint Hitler asChancellor
Von Papen would be Vice-Chancellor
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Von Papen’s naievity
He thought he could control Hitler
He failed
Feb 1933, Hitler called for new elections, to take place in March
Goering by now was in charge of two-thirds of the police forces in GERMANY
He recruited 50,000 „extras‟ from SA Opponents were beaten up, and their meetings
disrupted
Feb 27th the Reichstag building burned down
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1933 Elections
The Nazis now had 233 seats
But that was still not an overall majority
To make changes to Constitution, Hitlerneeded a two-thirds majority
So the Nazis joined up with the Nationalists
who secured 53 seats With 286 out of 500 seats, Hitler had gained
control of Germany at last