High Middle Ages

What were causes of the Black Death (bubonic plague)?Famine in the early 14th Century (1300s)Starvation and depopulation. People already were sick and weakDisease spreads from Mongol Empire expansionRats spread the disease from China who were trading with the Middle East Finally being carried back to Europe

Effects of the Black DeathSociety Breaks Down Some turn to witchcraftothers see this as punishment from godPriests are not around to give last rightsArt reflects the horrors of the afterlife(Bring out your dead) The weepers – traveling survivors would flail themselves

Jews are blamed for among other things they poisoned the waterthus many were slaughtered1/3rd of Europe's population died (wow)

Art would reflect the horrors of the Plague and the feeling of damnation.

A Chinese Junk which rats easily boarded to spread

disease

Hieronymus Bosch Art

Doctors wore masks like this. Poesies would be placed in the beak. The idea was the sweet smell would ward off the disease.

Ring around the rosy a pocket full of posies

Dante's InfernoDante's Inferno, widely hailed as one of the great classics of Western literature, details Dante's journey through the nine circles of Hell. The voyage begins during Easter week in the year 1300, the descent through Hell starting on Good Friday. After meeting his guide, the eminent Roman poet Virgil, in a mythical dark wood, the two poets begin their descent through a baleful world of doleful shades, horrifying tortures, and unending lamentation.

This edition of the Inferno is edited in XML (Extensible Markup Language), which allows users to perform searches for a wide range of entities across the entire poem. Above the Italian and English texts users will see a band listing six categories. Click on any of these terms for a list of the Creatures, Deities, Images, People, Places, and Structures found in each canto. Information will appear 1) as abbreviations in the margin between the Italian and English versions (ie PL for Place) and 2) in list form to the right of the English translation. Click on any terms listed under the categories for additional information. Readers can view at a glance the wide range of expressions that Dante uses to characterize people, places, creatures and other entities throughout the poem

Every canto also contains visual material, keyed to specific passages. Click on Images to view a list of the visual material available for each canto. To view the images click on the terms or names in the right margin. Follow the links for additional information on the images. The letter I between in the margin between the English and Italian texts indicates the passage which the image illustrates. At all timers users can also access an interactive version of Botticelli's Chart of Hell, maps of Italy, additional visual material, and an interactive timeline. All these features are intended to deepen readers' appreciation of the richness of Dante's poetic language and his 

Why have we not heard of the effect of the plague in parts of the world other than Europe?China had less written history on the subject and because we are from the West we focus on the West.

Since the Plague started in China, What was the effect in China:

1331, an outbreak erupted in the Yuan Empire; it may have hastened the end of Mongol rule over China. In 1334, this disease killed 5 million people in Hebei Province - about 90% of the population.

As of 1200, China had a total population of more than 120 million, but a 1393 census found only 65 million Chinese surviving. Some of that missing population was killed by famine and upheaval in the transition from Yuan to Ming rule, but many millions died of bubonic plague.

Economic Crisis* Survivors want higher wages, more money is printed leading to inflation or the lessoning the value of money. Villagers were forced off the land* Towns had limited employment due to guilds (trade unions today)* Many feared to come back to cities.* Peasants led revolts and were often savagely suppressed.* It would take over hundred years to recover

Church Splits (not the same as the split between the west and the east)* Weakened church leaders move Papal Court to Avignon France* Accused of lavish living and corruption reformers chose a 2nd pope and even a 3rd pope. (the true Vicar of Christ) 1417 at the council of Constance in Germany all popes are removed from power with the Papal Court to return to Rome

*Who gained power? – Ultimately Rome of course in that would be the center of the Christian Church.

Responding to Hersey* John Wycliffe accused the church of corruption, He translated the bible in English * All you need is the bible not the church. * Follows such as Jan Hus and his followers the Hussites did the same. * The church persecuted Wycliffe's followers, the

Hussites many were burned at the steak. * 100 years later Martin Luther would lead the Protestant Reformation based on these ideas

Hundred year war 1337 - 1453long term Rivals First over territory later over Religion Causes:* Long time rivals* English want lands owned by Norman ancestors* French power grows* Edward the 3rd who's mother was a French princess claims French thrown war breaks out* Control for the English Channel* Economic Power and National pride keeps war going

New Weapons:English Long bow give them an advantage by shooting and being out of range of the French.

Joan of Arc - 17 year old French girl has vision she can lead the French to victoryKing Charles authorizes her to head an army against the British.Joan led the French to several victoriesTaken by allies of the English she is tried by the English for witchcraft and burned at the steakJoan would later be a catholic saint.

French use of cannons end the war. French extend power to conquer more land

Impact of the 100 years warFrench Power Rises leading to absolutism

English power shifts to parliamentCannons end the castle and fortified walls. More use of diplomacyDiplomacy and war will continue

1453 Constantinople's impenetrable walls falls to the Muslims by use of cannons (same year as end of 100 year war.) (the cannon ended both)

This Cannon was invented by a Turk and first went to the Byzantine Emperor. He declined.It was then sold to the Muslims. The cannon could only be fired 3 times a because it got so hot it needed time to cool down.

The cannon was first invented by the Chinese roughly 1128

Magna Carta 1215 CEBarons of England and King John to sign the Magna Carta (great Charter) Forced to divide his power due to abuses of raising taxes before consulting the barons, and failing in military campaigns led to these reforms.

The Church - The Church was to be free from royal interference, especially in the election of bishops

Taxes - No taxes except the regular feudal dues were to be levied, except by the consent of the Great Council, or Parliament

The right to due process which led to Trial by Jury

Weights and Measures - All weights and measures to be kept uniform throughout the realm

Importance: led to the basis of separation of church and state (Kind of for us anyway)American system of justice (due process) Jury Trialsdivision of power between a king and Parliament (NO Absolute Power)