history of the book. if books had been invented after the computer, they would have been considered...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: History of the Book. If books had been invented after the computer, they would have been considered a big breakthrough. Books have several hundred simultaneous](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062619/55158bf455034674578b57fb/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
History of the Book
![Page 2: History of the Book. If books had been invented after the computer, they would have been considered a big breakthrough. Books have several hundred simultaneous](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062619/55158bf455034674578b57fb/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
If books had been invented after the computer, they would have
been considered a big breakthrough. Books have several hundred simultaneous paper-thin,
flexible displays. They boot instantly. They run on very low
power at a very low cost.
Professor Joseph M Jacobson, MIT Media Lab, quoted in the N. Y. Times, April 8, 1988
![Page 3: History of the Book. If books had been invented after the computer, they would have been considered a big breakthrough. Books have several hundred simultaneous](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062619/55158bf455034674578b57fb/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The history of the book reflects the history of
civilization.
![Page 4: History of the Book. If books had been invented after the computer, they would have been considered a big breakthrough. Books have several hundred simultaneous](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062619/55158bf455034674578b57fb/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The earliest type of “written” communication used pictures, such as those found on cave
walls.
![Page 5: History of the Book. If books had been invented after the computer, they would have been considered a big breakthrough. Books have several hundred simultaneous](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062619/55158bf455034674578b57fb/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Around 3500 BCE the ancient Sumerians created the first true
written language called “cuneiform,” which means
“wedge-shaped.”
![Page 6: History of the Book. If books had been invented after the computer, they would have been considered a big breakthrough. Books have several hundred simultaneous](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062619/55158bf455034674578b57fb/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The Sumerians also created the first permanent and portable documents by writing on clay tablets, which were then dried so they became permanent records.
![Page 7: History of the Book. If books had been invented after the computer, they would have been considered a big breakthrough. Books have several hundred simultaneous](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062619/55158bf455034674578b57fb/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Around 2700 BCE the Egyptians developed a way to
make sheets of writing material from the papyrus
plant
![Page 8: History of the Book. If books had been invented after the computer, they would have been considered a big breakthrough. Books have several hundred simultaneous](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062619/55158bf455034674578b57fb/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Because the papyrus was brittle, it was
rolled into scrolls for storage.
These scrolls are
considered the first true
books.
![Page 9: History of the Book. If books had been invented after the computer, they would have been considered a big breakthrough. Books have several hundred simultaneous](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062619/55158bf455034674578b57fb/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
In Ancient India and Southeast Asia, books were
written on palm leaves bound together with string.
![Page 10: History of the Book. If books had been invented after the computer, they would have been considered a big breakthrough. Books have several hundred simultaneous](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062619/55158bf455034674578b57fb/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The ancient Greek and Romans often used wax tablets and a stylus for
personal correspondence and business records
![Page 11: History of the Book. If books had been invented after the computer, they would have been considered a big breakthrough. Books have several hundred simultaneous](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062619/55158bf455034674578b57fb/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
These “pages” could be erased by smoothing out the wax.
![Page 12: History of the Book. If books had been invented after the computer, they would have been considered a big breakthrough. Books have several hundred simultaneous](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062619/55158bf455034674578b57fb/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The Chinese invented paper, which unlike papyrus, could be easily folded. This led to the development of the concertina (or accordion) format.
![Page 13: History of the Book. If books had been invented after the computer, they would have been considered a big breakthrough. Books have several hundred simultaneous](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062619/55158bf455034674578b57fb/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The ancient Aztecs also created books using the accordion format. This illustration shows players on a ball court.
![Page 14: History of the Book. If books had been invented after the computer, they would have been considered a big breakthrough. Books have several hundred simultaneous](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062619/55158bf455034674578b57fb/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Around 300 CE, the Romans began linking together wooden tablets using cords. They called
this a codex, from the Latin caudex, or “tree trunk.”
![Page 15: History of the Book. If books had been invented after the computer, they would have been considered a big breakthrough. Books have several hundred simultaneous](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062619/55158bf455034674578b57fb/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
We now use the term codex to refer to any book made of folded and sewn signatures. Since the codex was invented, many different styles have evolved.
![Page 16: History of the Book. If books had been invented after the computer, they would have been considered a big breakthrough. Books have several hundred simultaneous](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062619/55158bf455034674578b57fb/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The codex has advantages over other book forms
The size can be adjusted for very long texts or several shorter texts can be bound together in one volume
It makes more efficient used of materials since both sides of the page can be used
![Page 17: History of the Book. If books had been invented after the computer, they would have been considered a big breakthrough. Books have several hundred simultaneous](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062619/55158bf455034674578b57fb/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The codex has advantages over other book forms
The codex is portable an easy to store
The use of individual pages allows for varied layouts and the inclusion of large illustrations
Because the writing surface is not rolled up, a wider variety of decorating techniques can be used
![Page 18: History of the Book. If books had been invented after the computer, they would have been considered a big breakthrough. Books have several hundred simultaneous](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062619/55158bf455034674578b57fb/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Later, papyrus – and then parchment made from sheep or calf skin – replaced the wax tablets and the pages were stitched together.
![Page 19: History of the Book. If books had been invented after the computer, they would have been considered a big breakthrough. Books have several hundred simultaneous](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062619/55158bf455034674578b57fb/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
During the Middle Ages, books, especially the Bible, were hand-copied by monks in a scriptorium.
![Page 20: History of the Book. If books had been invented after the computer, they would have been considered a big breakthrough. Books have several hundred simultaneous](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062619/55158bf455034674578b57fb/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Many of these books contained beautiful miniature paintings called illuminations.
![Page 21: History of the Book. If books had been invented after the computer, they would have been considered a big breakthrough. Books have several hundred simultaneous](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062619/55158bf455034674578b57fb/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Around the 3rd century CE, the Copts, early Christians living in Egypt adapted a chain stitch to to bind sections between wooden covers. This style is
now called Coptic binding.
![Page 22: History of the Book. If books had been invented after the computer, they would have been considered a big breakthrough. Books have several hundred simultaneous](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062619/55158bf455034674578b57fb/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Japanese stab binding uses an awl or punch to create the holes for the thread.
![Page 23: History of the Book. If books had been invented after the computer, they would have been considered a big breakthrough. Books have several hundred simultaneous](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062619/55158bf455034674578b57fb/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The pamphlet stitch is a simple way to bind one section of folios.
![Page 24: History of the Book. If books had been invented after the computer, they would have been considered a big breakthrough. Books have several hundred simultaneous](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062619/55158bf455034674578b57fb/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Pages can be folded and glued to make a star or butterfly book.
![Page 25: History of the Book. If books had been invented after the computer, they would have been considered a big breakthrough. Books have several hundred simultaneous](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062619/55158bf455034674578b57fb/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Using traditional forms and modern innovations, today’s book artist creates a synthesis
between books and fine art.
![Page 26: History of the Book. If books had been invented after the computer, they would have been considered a big breakthrough. Books have several hundred simultaneous](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062619/55158bf455034674578b57fb/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
www2.truman.edu/~capter/ jins343/cave.htm www.usu.edu/.../writing_medium/ optimized/cuneiform.jpg
www.jmu.edu/foundation/Collection/ cuneiform.jpg www.geschenkzeitung.de/deutsch/ images/wissen/papyrus.jpg
www.georgetown.edu/labyrinth/ images/scribe.gif http://www.swu.ac.th/hu/lib-sci/ifla99/books.html
graduate.gradsch.uga.edu/ archive/Greek.html archterra.cilea.it/exhibits/gold/ sources/contracts/c6_1.jpg
www.holt-wilson.freeserve.co.uk/ vellum1U.jpg jrider.web.wesleyan.edu/.../2001f/ fren234/01/icelan27.jpg
www.doyle.com.au/images/ kells8 www.inventions.org/culture/ ancient/mexican.html