history of ramakrishna mission, dhaka
DESCRIPTION
A bengali article by Swami JnanaprakashanandaTRANSCRIPT
ivgK…ò gV I ivgK…ò wgkb, XvKv t AZxZ I eZ©gvb
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[XvKv ivgK…ò g‡Vi b~Zb kªxivgK…ò gw›`i D‡Øvab-¯§iwYKv ÔDÏxcbÕ-G cÖKvwkZ ¯^vgx ÁvbcÖKvkvb‡›`i ÔivgK…ò gV I ivgK…ò wgkb, XvKv Gi AZxZ I eZ©gvbÕ kxl©K cÖeÜ †_‡K msKwjZ|]
ivgK…ò gV I ivgK…ò wgkb, XvKv t AZxZ I eZ©gvb
m~Pbv t kªxivgK…ò-Gi DcjwäÑRxe gvÎB wke| Zuvi gy‡L ïb‡jb wkl¨ b‡i›`ªbv_ `ËÑÔwke-Áv‡b Rxe †mev|Õ b‡i›`ªbv‡_i ü`‡q S¼„Z n‡jv gvbeRxe‡b gyw³jv‡fi beiv‡Mi Av‡jvKewZ©Kv| wZwb †mw`b fve‡jbÑhw` fMevb w`b †`b Z‡e G K_vwUi ev¯—‡e iƒc`vb Ki‡eb| ciewZ©Kv‡j b‡i›`ªbv_ hLb ¯^vgx we‡eKvb›` bv‡g mycwiwPZÑZLb Zuvi ¸i“gy‡L †kvbv †e`evYx wZwb ev¯—‡e iƒc`v‡bi Rb¨ †KvjKvZvi ey‡K cÖwZôv Ki‡jb ÒivgK…ò wgkbÓ| hvi D‡Ïk¨ÑAvZ¥‡bv †gv¶v_©s RMw×Zvq PÓ A_©vr wb‡Ri gyw³i mv‡_ mv‡_ RM‡ZiI Kj¨vYmvab Kiv| cÖwZ gvb‡e ev Rx‡e kªxfMevb weivwRZ| Rxe‡K †mev KivB n‡jv fMev‡bi mv¶vr †mev Kiv| GB †ev‡aB ¯^vgxRx Dcjwä Ki‡jbÑ
Òeûiƒ‡c m¤§y‡L †Zvgvi, Qvwo †Kv_v LuywRQ Ck¦i ?Rx‡e †cªg K‡i †hB Rb, †mB Rb †mwe‡Q Ck¦i||Ó
GB Ck¦i‡ev‡a gvbe‡mevi Rb¨B ¯^vgxRx cÖwZôv Ki‡jb ivgK…ò wgkb, 1897 m‡bi 1 †g| hvi D‡Ïk¨ t gvb‡ei wnZv_© kªxivgK…ò †h mKj ZË¡ e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb Ges Kv‡h© Zuvi Rxe‡b cÖwZcvw`Z n‡q‡Q, Zvi cÖPvi Ges gvby‡li ˆ`wnK, gvbwmK I cvigvw_©K DbœwZK‡í hv‡Z †mB mKj ZË¡ cÖhy³ n‡Z cv‡i, ZwØl‡q mvnvh¨ Kiv GB ÔcÖPv‡iiÕ (wgk‡bi) D‡Ïk¨|
eªZ t RM‡Zi hveZxq ag©gZ‡K GK A¶q mbvZb a‡g©i iƒcvš—gvÎÁv‡b mKj ag©vej¤^x‡`i g‡a¨ AvZ¥xqZv ¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ kªxivgK…ò †h Kv‡h©i AeZviYv K‡iwQ‡jb, Zvi cwiPvjbvB GB ÔcÖPv‡iiÕ (wgk‡bi) eªZ|
Kvh©cÖYvjx t gvby‡li mvsmvwiK I Ava¨vwZ¥K DbœwZi Rb¨ we`¨v`v‡bi Dchy³ †jvK wkw¶ZKiY, wkí I kª‡gvcRxweKvi Drmvnea©b Ges †e`vš— I Ab¨vb¨ ag©fve ivgK…òRxe‡b †hiƒ‡c e¨vL¨vZ n‡qwQj, Zv Rbmgv‡R cÖeZ©b|
fviZelx©q Kvh© t fviZe‡l©i bM‡i bM‡i AvPvh©eªZ-MÖnYvwfjvlx M„n¯’ ev mbœ¨vmx‡`i wk¶vi Avkªg ¯’vcb Ges hv‡Z Zuviv †`k‡`kvš—‡i wM‡q RbMY‡K wkw¶Z Ki‡Z cv‡ib, Zvi Dcvq Aej¤^b|
we‡`kxq Kvh©wefvM t fviZewnf©~Z †`kmg~‡n ÔeªZavixÕ †cÖiY Ges †mme †`‡k ¯’vwcZ Avkªg-Gi mv‡_ wewfbœ Avkªg¸‡jvi NwbôZv I mnvbyf~wZea©b Ges bZzb bZzb Avkªg ms¯’vcb|
ejvevûj¨, ivRbxwZi mv‡_ Gi †Kvb m¤^Ü _vK‡e bv, wgk‡bi j¶¨ I Av`k© †h‡nZz †Kej Ava¨vwZ¥K I †mevg~jK|
mvi`v ivq †PŠayixi evwo, Kv‡qZUzwj, XvKv
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GiB cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z 1899 m‡bi m~Pbv‡ZB ¯^vgxRx Zuvi `yÕRb wkl¨ ¯^vgx weiRvb›` I ¯^vgx cÖKvkvb›`‡K evsjv‡`‡k (Z`vbxš—b c~e©e½) †cªiY K‡ib cÖPviKiƒ‡c| ZLb †ejy‡o ¯’vqx gV cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q| g‡Vi VvKzi N‡i GKw`b wkl¨Øq‡K Kv‡Q ewm‡q ¯^vgxRx A‡bK¶Y a¨vbv‡š— Zuv‡`i gv_vq nvZ w`‡q Avkxe©v` K‡i e‡jwQ‡jbÑÒwek¦vm Ki, Zuvi (kªxivgK…ò) kw³ †Zv‡`i wfZi msµwgZ n‡q‡Q|Ó Gfv‡e kªx¸i“i A‡gvN kw³ jvf K‡i 1899 m‡bi 4 †deª“Avwi weiRvb›` I cÖKvkvb›` XvKvi D‡Ï‡k¨ hvÎv K‡ib|1
Zuviv XvKv †cŠu‡Q Kv‡qZUzwj‡Z Kvwkgcy‡ii Rwg`vi mvi`v ivq †PŠayixi evwo‡Z I‡Vb|2 GLv‡b †_‡KB Zuviv cÖPvi KvR ïi“ K‡ib| G mg‡q Zuviv `yÕRb kªxivgK…‡òi wewkó f³ mvay bvMgnvk‡qi mv‡_ mv¶v‡Zi D‡Ï‡k¨ bvivqYM‡Äi wbKU †`I‡fvM MÖv‡g wM‡qwQ‡jb| ¯^vgxRxi wcÖq wkl¨Øq‡K †c‡q bvMgnvk‡qi †mw`b Avb‡›`i mxgv wQj bv|
¯^vgxRxi GB kw³gvb wkl¨Ø‡qi Dcw¯’wZ‡Z evsjv‡`‡k ÔkªxivgK…ò fveavivÕ AwZ Avðh©iƒ‡c cÖPvwiZ I cÖwZwôZ n‡qwQj| XvKv †_‡K 20 gvP©, 1899 m‡b ¯^vgx weiRvb‡›`i GK c‡Î Rvbv hvqÑwZwb
wj‡L‡Qb, Ò...XvKvq ivgK…ò wgkb mfvi kvLv ¯’vcb nIqvi K_v wKQyw`b n‡Z PjwQj| G¶‡Y GUv Kv‡h© cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| ivgK…ò‡`‡ei Rb¥wZw_i w`em evey b„Z¨‡Mvcvj †Mv¯^vgx gnvk‡qi M„‡n Gi cÖ_g Awa‡ekb nq|
Òhv‡nvK mfv¯’‡j mK‡jB Giƒc GKwU mfvi Avek¨KZv ¯^xKvi K‡ib| b„Z¨‡Mvcvjevey ÔA‰ØZ Ávb AuvP‡j †eu‡a hv B”Qv ZvB KiÕ m¤^‡Ü GK cÖeÜ cvV K‡ib| c‡i ivgK…ò‡`‡ei Rxeb m¤^‡Ü wKQy¶Y Av‡jvPbvi ci mfv f½ nq| †gvwnbx‡gvnb `vm gnvk‡qi ˆeVKLvbv evUx‡Z GB mfvi Kvh© wbe©vn n‡e, w¯’ixK…Z nq| MZKj¨ Gi wØZxq Awa‡ekb n‡q‡Q| ¯^vgx cÖKvkvb›` GKwU †¯—vÎ cvV K‡i G mfvi D‡Ïk¨ I Kvh©cÖYvjx cvV K‡ib, Zrc‡i Ô†Kb Dcwbl`Õ n‡Z wKq`sk cvV I Zvi evsjv e¨vL¨v K‡iwQ‡jb| Avwg Ôag©Õ m¤^‡Ü GKwU cÖeÜ cvV Kwi|Ó
we‡klZ XvKv kn‡i wgk‡bi ¯’vqx †K›`ª cÖwZôvi g~‡j †h exR Zv Gu‡`i ØvivB Dß n‡qwQj| ivgK…ò wgk‡bi mvaviY Kvh© weeiYxi wØZxq msL¨vq XvKv †K›`ª ¯’vc‡bi †h msw¶ß BwZe„Ë wjwce× Av‡Q, Zv‡Z G K_vi ¯^xK…wZ †`Lv hvq|
'This branch of the Ramakrishna Mission was started as early 1899, when Swamis Virajananda and
Prakashananda, deputed by Swami Vivekananda, visited these parts and by lectures and religious
discourse created an interest in the message of Sri Ramakrishna and sowed the first seeds of the work.
Under this auspices a society was started, in which religious sittings were regularly held.'ÑA_©vr, 1899 m‡b ¯^vgx weiRvb›` I cÖKvkvb›`‡K ¯^vgxRx hLb G A‡j cvVvb ZLb Zuviv e³…Zv, agx©q Av‡jvPbv, kªxivgK…‡òi D`vi evYx cÖPvi K‡i ivgK…ò wgk‡bi GB kvLvi cÖv_wgK Kvh© ïi“ K‡ib| Gici G ms‡Ni ïfvi¤¢ Øviv h_vixwZ agx©q mfv-mwgwZ Pj‡Z _v‡K|
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†gvwnbx‡gvnb `v‡mi evwo, divmMÄ, XvKv
ejvevûj¨, 1893 m‡b ¯^vgx we‡eKvb‡›`i Av‡gwiKv wek¦ ag© gnvm‡¤§j‡bi weRq WsKv wbbvw`Z n‡qwQj c~e©e½ Z_v evsjv‡`‡ki ivRavbx XvKvq| †mB †_‡K we‡eKvb‡›`i †mev`‡k© DØy× n‡q XvKvi AbyivMx I f³MY †mevKvR ïi“ K‡ib| Z‡e GwU mvsMVwbKfv‡e ïi“ nq 1898 mb †_‡K †gvwnbx‡gvnb `v‡mi evwo‡Z| GRb¨B XvKv ivgK…ò gV I ivgK…ò wgk‡bi Kvh©vejx‡Z ivgK…ò wgk‡bi cÖwZôvKvj aiv nq G mgq‡K| Gi wKQyw`b c‡i ¯^vgxRx cÖPv‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨ G A‡j †cÖiY K‡ib ZuviB my‡hvM¨ wkl¨ ¯^vgx weiRvb›` I ¯^vgx cÖKvkvb›`‡K| 1899 m‡b G‡`‡k AvMgb I Zuv‡`i Kvh©vi¤¢‡KB †ejyo g‡Vi Kvh© weeiYx‡Z XvKv ivgK…ò gV I ivgK…ò wgk‡bi cÖwZôvKvj aiv nq|
wKQyw`b c‡i ¯^vgxRx cÖKvkvb›`‡K †ejyo g‡V †W‡K cvVvb| Gi g‡a¨ ¯^vgxRxi mbœ¨vwmbx wkl¨v ¯^vgx Afqvb›` (†gix jyBm) Av‡gwiKv †_‡K fvi‡Z Av‡mb| ¯^vgxRx Zuv‡K evsjv‡`‡k cvVv‡jb| XvKvq wZwb A‡bK¸wj e³…Zv †`b| G cÖm‡½ ÒXvKv cÖKvkÓ cwÎKv RvbvqÑÒRMbœv_ K‡jR M„‡n Zuvi e³…Zv ï‡b cÖvq
wZb mnmª mf¨ Avb‡›`vrdzj I wew¯§Z n‡q‡Qb| mfvcwZ ivq KvjxcÖmbœ †Nvl evnv`yiI Zuvi cÖksmv K‡ib|Ó3
Gi ciciB 1899 m‡b 11 wW‡m¤^i ¯^vgx mvi`vb›` XvKvi D‡Ï‡k¨ hvÎv K‡ib| XvKv‡Z †cuŠ‡Q Rwg`vi †gvwnbx‡gvnb `v‡mi divmM‡Äi evwo‡Z D‡VwQ‡jb| wZwb 15 wW‡m¤^i †_‡K 2 RvbyAvwi 1900, A_©vr m‡Zi w`b XvKvq wQ‡jb| Gmgq wZwb RMbœv_ K‡j‡R I Rxebeveyi bvUgw›`‡i PviwU LyeB ü`qMÖvnx e³…Zv K‡iwQ‡jb| Gme e³…Zv Qvov cÖwZ g½jevi I kwbevi Aciv‡nè †gvwnbxeveyi evwo‡Z ÔfMe`&MxZvÕ Ges wewea ag©welqK cÖm½ wb‡q wZwb Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Zb|4
evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb kni XvKv‡K †K›`ª K‡i gV I wgk‡bi Kvh© GB A‡j we¯—vi jvf KiwQj| GiB g‡a¨ ¯^vgxRx 1901 m‡b XvKvq G‡jb| ¯^vgxRx‡K `k©b I Zuvi e³…Zv ï‡b ¯’vbxq A‡b‡K kªxivgK…‡òi Ac~e© Rxeb m¤^‡Ü Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Zb| ¯^Mx©q †gvwnbx‡gvnb `v‡mi evwo‡Z GKwU nj N‡i Gme f‡³i mvßvwnK Awa‡ekb n‡Zv| ZLb n‡Z Zuviv ax‡i ax‡i bvbv RbwnZKi Kvh© Avi¤¢ Ki‡jb Ges kªxivgK…ò ms‡Ni mbœ¨vmx‡`i mvnvh¨cÖv_x© n‡jb| cÖwZeQi kªxivgK…‡òi I ¯^vgxRxi R‡b¥vrm‡ei Abyôvb, jv½je‡›`i †hvMmœv‡b †meK`j MVb I XvKv †mevkª‡gi bvbv †mevKvh© Øviv f‡³iv ms‡Ni mnvqZvq gV I wgk‡bi fve †mLv‡b cÖPvi Ki‡Z jvM‡jb| Gme Kv‡h©i D‡`¨v³viv A‡b‡KB †ejyo g‡V G‡m gnvivR I Zuvi ¸i“åvZ…MY‡K `k©b K‡i Ava¨vwZ¥Kfv‡e AbycÖvwYZ n‡qwQ‡jb|
Gi wKQyKvj c‡i 1914 m‡b ¯^vgx †cÖgvb›` G‡jb XvKvq| Zuvi Kv‡Q AbeiZ †jvKRb AvmZ, Avi VvKz‡ii cÖm½ Dc‡`k`vbvw` PjZ| GiB g‡a¨ GKw`b †KD GLv‡b VvKz‡ii bv‡g GKwU Avkªg cÖwZôv Kiv hvq wKbv, G K_v DÌvcb K‡ib| †ejv c‡o G‡m‡Q ZLb| eveyivg gnvivR †mLvbKvi Rwg`vi †hv‡Mk `vm‡K WvwK‡q G‡b wb‡Ri Wvbcv‡k ewm‡q ej‡jb, ÒwK †hv‡Mk, GLv‡b VvKz‡ii
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Ki‡Z cvi‡e †Zv ?Ó Ònu¨v gnvivR, Avcbvi K…cv n‡j †Kb cvie bv ?Ó †hv‡Mkevey DËi w`‡jb| Zuvi mvZ nvRvi UvKvq †Kbv mvZ weNv Rwgi Dc‡iB XvKv ivgK…ò gV I wgkb cÖwZwôZ nq|5 ivgK…ò gV I ivgK…ò wgk‡bi BwZnvm MÖ‡š’ †`Lv hvq GB †K›`ª 1915 m‡b 1.7 GKi Rwg †c‡qwQj| Gi wKQyw`b c‡i GKB eQ‡i c~‡e©i †_‡K AviI wKQy †ewk Rwg µq Kiv nq| †hLv‡b gV Ges wgk‡bi AÆvwjKv, mvay wbevm, wPwKrmvi Rb¨ nvmcvZvj wbwg©Z nq| Gmgq nvmcvZv‡j 20 Rb †ivMxi _vKvi e¨e¯’v wQj|
1914 m‡b g‡Vi mvay-eªþPvixiv XvKvi Kg©-†K›`ª‡K m¤ú~Y©fv‡e wb‡Riv MÖnY Ki‡jb| A_©vr, gV †K›`ª wn‡m‡e Gmgq cÖavb‡K›`ª †ejyo g‡Vi †gŠwLK Aby‡gv`b jvf Kij| µ‡g †mLv‡b gV I wgkb ¯’vwqfv‡e cÖwZwôZ nIqvi D‡`¨vM Pj‡Z jvMj|
¯^vgx we‡eKvb›` e‡jbÑÒZ¨vM I †mevB fviZe‡l©i RvZxq Av`k©|Ó cÖavbZ kªxivgK…ò gVÑZ¨vM I kªxivgK…ò wgkb †meviƒc Av`‡k©i Dci cÖwZwôZ| Ávb, fw³, Kg© I †hvMÑGmKj cš’vi †h †Kvb GKwU Aej¤^bc~e©K ag©-Áv‡b DbœwZ jvf Ki‡Z n‡j Z¨v‡Mi Avkªqwfbœ MZ¨š—i †bB| mbœ¨vm Avkª‡gB GB Z¨v‡Mi Pig Awfe¨w³| †mBRb¨ kªxivgK…ò gV mbœ¨vmx m•N|
fMevb kªxivgK…ò‡`e †e`vw` wbwLj ag©kv‡¯¿i mZ¨mg~n cybtcÖwZôv K‡i mve©‡fŠwgK a‡g©i †h Av`k© RM‡Z cÖPvi Kivi fvi Zuvi me©Z¨vMx wkl¨‡`i Dci b¨¯— K‡ib ¯^vgx we‡eKvb›` †mB gnvb eªZ D`&hvcbv‡_© ¸i“-åvZv‡`i wb‡q ¯’vcb Ki‡jb gV|
g‡Vi KvR cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ GKRb gV Aa¨¶ wbe©vwPZ nb| cÖvPxbKv‡ji mbœ¨vmx‡`i gZ gVevmx‡`i wk¶v-`x¶v cÖf„wZ Zuvi nv‡Z b¨¯— i‡q‡Q| fMevb kªxivgK…ò Ck¦i `k©b I ag© mgš^qiƒc †h gnvb Av`k© I mZ¨ wek¦evmxi mg‡¶ ¯’vcb K‡ib Zv GB ivgK…ò gV-Gi wewfbœ kvLv¯’ mbœ¨vwm- I eªþPvwi-MY wbR wbR Rxe‡b Dcjwä Kievi †Póv Ki‡Qb|
GB mbœ¨vmx m•NB hLb Ôwke-Áv‡b Rxe †mevÕ iƒc RbwnZKi Kv‡R AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡ib Zv-B ivgK…ò wgkb bv‡g AwfwnZ nq Ges g‡Vi AwQMYB (Board of Trustees) ZLb wgk‡bi cwiPvjKgÊjxiƒ‡c (Governing
Body) cwiYZ nb| myZivs gV e¨w³MZ ag©-mvabv I wgkb Rbmvavi‡Yi †mev_©ÑGKB m‡•Ni `ywU A½¯^iƒc|
GiB †cÖ¶vc‡U XvKv ivgK…ò wgkb-Gi GKwU wbqgvejx cÖ¯‘Z Kiv nq †mmgq| wb‡gœ †mme wbqgvejx Zz‡j aiv n‡jv|
1. GB wgkb †ejyo ivgK…ò wgk‡bi kvLv e‡j cwiMwYZ n‡e Ges ÒivgK…ò wgk‡bi XvKv¯’ kvLv †K›`ªÓ e‡j AwfwnZ n‡e| myZivs ivgK…ò wgk‡bi Ab¨vb¨ kvLv †K›`ªmg~n cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ †h mg¯— wbqg wewae× n‡q‡Q GB wgk‡bi wbqgvejxI Z`bymv‡i MwVZ n‡e|
2. K. RvwZ, ag© I eY© wbwe©‡k‡l mgy`q Puv`v`vZv, mg¯— wbqwgZ †meK Ges †h †KD wgk‡bi Kv‡h© wbt¯^v_©fv‡e Dchy³iƒc mnvqZv Ki‡eb wZwbB ¯’vbxq Kvh© wbe©vnK mwgwZ KZ©„K g‡bvbxZ n‡j mvaviY mf¨ †kªYxfy³ n‡Z cvi‡eb|
L. mf¨ c`cÖv_x© e¨w³ wgk‡bi Aš—Z `yRb cyivZb m‡f¨i Aby‡iva cÎmn mwgwZ‡Z `iLv¯— Ki‡eb| h_vKv‡j Zuv‡K GB `iLv‡¯—i djvdj Rvbvb n‡e|
M. cÖ‡Z¨K mf¨‡K GK UvKv fwZ©i wd Ges gvwmK Aš—Z AvU Avbv Rgv w`‡Z n‡e| wKš‘ mwgwZ B”Qv Ki‡j Zv evwZj Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
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N. GKKvjxb GKkZ UvKv cÖ`vb Ki‡j gvwmK Puv`v w`‡Z n‡e bv|
O. whwb Aš—Z gvwmK Pvi Avbv Puv`v w`‡eb wZwbB Puv`v`vZv †kªYxfy³ n‡Z cvi‡eb|
3. wgk‡bi †mev ev Ab¨ †Kvb wbt¯^v_© Kv‡Ri Rb¨ huviv wbqwgZiƒ‡c mgq e¨q Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Zuviv `yÕRb cyivZb mf¨ ev `yÕRb cyivZb †me‡Ki mycvwik cÎ †c‡j Ges ¯’vbxq mwgwZ Aby‡gv`b Ki‡j †meKiƒ‡c MY¨ n‡Z cvi‡eb|
4. ivgK…ò wgk‡bi KZ©„c¶ ¯’vbxq wgkb cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ GKRb cÖavb ZË¡veavqK wb‡qvM Ges ¯’vbxq wgk‡bi mf¨MY n‡Z GKwU Kvh© wbe©vnK mwgwZ MVb Ki‡eb|
5. KZ©„c¶ GB cÖavb ZË¡veavqK‡K ev mwgwZi mf¨MY‡K cwieZ©b Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
6. ¯’vbxq mwgwZi mv‡_ civgk© K‡i KZ©„c¶ ¯’vbxq wgk‡bi Rb¨ wbqgvejx cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡eb|
7. Dchy³ mg‡q Av‡jvP¨ wel‡qi msev` w`‡q m¤úv`K A_ev mnKvix m¤úv`K cÖwZ gv‡m Kvh© wbe©vnK mwgwZi mfv AvnŸvb Ki‡eb| cÖ‡Z¨K mfvi Kvh© weeiYx †ejyo ivgK…ò wgk‡b cvVv‡eb|
8. m¤úv`K A_ev mnKvix m¤úv`K cÖwZ Awa‡ek‡bi Kvh© weeiYx mfvcwZi Øviv `¯—LZ Kwi‡q ivL‡eb Ges wgkb KZ©„K †h mg¯— Kvh© AbywôZ nq Zvi weeiY I Avq-e¨‡qi we¯—…Z wnmve mwgwZi gvwmK mfvq Dcw¯’Z Ki‡eb|
9. wgk‡bi mf¨ I me© mvavi‡Yi wbKU n‡Z cÖvß Puv`v, GKKvjxb A_© Ges Ab¨ †Kvbiƒc mvnvh¨ Øviv ivgK…ò wgk‡bi e¨qvw` wbe©vwnZ n‡e| wKš‘ Puv`vw` †h Kv‡h©i Rb¨ msM„nxZ n‡e wVK †mB Kv‡h© e¨q n‡e|
10. m¤úv`K A_ev mnKvix m¤úv`K A_©vw` MÖnY K‡i wbqwgZ iwm` w`‡eb|
11. Puv`vw` Av`vqKvwiMY Zuv‡`i m‡½ GKLvbv Av`v‡qi cy¯—K ivL‡eb| hLb †h A_© Av`vq n‡e, Zv H cy¯—‡K `vZvi ¯^n‡¯— wjwL‡q wb‡eb Ges mßv‡n Aš—Z GKevi Zuv‡`i msM„nxZ A_©vw` m¤úv`K A_ev mnKvix m¤úv`‡Ki wbKU Rgv w`‡eb| m¤úv`K A_ev mnKvix m¤úv`K hLb †h UvKv cvb Zvi iwm` `vZvi wbKU †cÖiY Ki‡eb|
12. ivgK…ò wgk‡bi KZ©„c¶ KZ©„K cÖwZ eQi wb‡qvwRZ wnmve cix¶K Øviv cÖwZ gv‡mi wnmve cÖwZgv‡m msi¶Y Ki‡Z n‡e|6
1899 m‡b cÖwZôvj‡Mœ ¯’vbxq wgkb †K›`ª¸‡jvi Kvh©wbe©vnK mwgwZ M„wnf³‡`i ØvivB MVb Kiv n‡Zv| ZvB †ejyo g‡Vi wbqgvejx e¨ZxZ AviI wKQy AwZwi³ wbqgvejxi cÖ‡qvRb‡eva n‡qwQj XvKv †K‡›`ªi Rb¨| ZLbKvi w`‡bi wbqgvejx eZ©gv‡bi Rb¨ me cÖ‡hvR¨ bq| hy‡Mi cÖ‡qvR‡b AvRI wKQy wKQy ms‡hvRb we‡qvRb Kiv Ab¯^xKvh©| ejvevûj¨, XvKv †K›`ª eZ©gv‡b †ejyo g‡Vi wbqgvejx‡ZB cwiPvwjZ|
gvb‡ei Ava¨vwZ¥K, gvbwmK I KvwqK wÎwea Ae¯’v †nZz †mevKvRI wZb cÖKvi| ivgK…ò wgkb 1. cÖPvi wefvM 2. wk¶v wefvM I 3. †mev wefvMÑ3wU wefv‡M G wZb ai‡bi †mevKvR m¤úv`‡bi †Póv K‡i _v‡K|
6
1899 mb †_‡K 1971 mb ch©š— XvKv ivgK…ò gV I ivgK…ò wgkb-Gi Kvh©vejx
1899 mb Gi c~e© †_‡KB †gvwnbxeveyi evwo‡Z agx©q Av‡jvPbv mfv PjZ| 1908 m‡b wgk‡bi †mev wefvM †Lvjv nq G evwo‡ZB|7 GLv‡bB 1911 m‡b ¯^vgxRxi wkl¨ ¯^vgx cigvb›` GKwU MÖš’vMvi D‡Øvab K‡ib|8 1913 m‡b †mB †mevKvR ïi“ nq cÖejfv‡e| cÖ_g w`‡K †ivMx‡`i evwo evwo wM‡q wPwKrmv †mev PjZ| Gici XvKvi beve LvRv mwjgyjvni mvnv‡h¨ GKwU nvmcvZvj †Lvjv nq|9 c‡i †ejyo gV KZ©„c¶ †gŠwLKfv‡e 1914 mb †_‡K G Kv‡Ri Aby‡gv`b K‡ib| A‡bK A‡c¶v K‡i 1916 m‡b †mB †gŠwLK Aby‡gv`b wjwLZfv‡e Kvh©Kix nq|
XvKvi beve‡`i mv‡_ wQj ivgK…ò wgk‡bi Mfxi m¤úK©| ¯^vgx †cÖgvb›` 1914 m‡b hLb XvKvq Av‡mb ZLb beve evwoi Avgš¿‡Y wZwb †mLv‡b wM‡qwQ‡jb| †mLv‡b A›`ign‡j beve †eMgMY Zuvi gy‡L mve©Rbxb ag©K_v ï‡b gy» nb| ciewZ©Kv‡j beve †eMgMYI †ejyo g‡V wM‡q Zuvi mv‡_ mv¶vr K‡ib| beve mwjgyjvnI †KvjKvZvi evMevRv‡i ivgK…ò wgk‡bi mvaviY m¤úv`K ¯^vgx we‡eKvb‡›`i ¸i“åvZv ¯^vgx mvi`vb‡›`i mv‡_ mv¶vr K‡i gy» nb| ivgK…ò wgk‡bi †mevKv‡R wZwb GZB AvK„ó wQ‡jb †h XvKvq gymwjg hyeK‡`i wb‡q Abyiƒc †mev cÖwZôvb Ki‡Z B”Qv cÖKvk K‡ib| mgq I my‡hv‡Mi Afv‡e bev‡ei B”Qv Avi ev¯—‡e iƒcjvf Ki‡Z cv‡iwb|10
†mev wefvM †Lvjvi ci †gvwnbxeveyi evwo‡Z ¯’vbvfve nIqvq 1914 m‡bi A‡±ve‡i 3wU c„_K evwo fvov Kiv nq| Iqvix Ges `w¶Y †gŠïwʇZ fvov evwo‡Z AwZ Aíw`‡bi g‡a¨B cÖv_wgK wk¶v`v‡bi Rb¨ GKwU A‰eZwbK we`¨vjq I me©mvavi‡Yi Rb¨ GKwU cy¯—KvMvi I cvVvMvi ¯’vwcZ n‡qwQj| eZ©gv‡b Gi †Kvb mwVK wVKvbv Rvbvi Dcvq †bB| mßv‡n `yÕw`b kv¯¿xq MÖš’vw`i Aa¨vcbviI e¨e¯’v Kiv n‡qwQj| G mgq †_‡K XvKv wgkb 1. ag©-cÖPvi, 2. wk¶v I 3. †mev GB wZbwU wefv‡M Rb‡mevi KvR K‡i G‡m‡Q|
1916 m‡b ¯’vbxq f³M‡Yi GKvš— Aby‡iv‡a, XvKv ivgK…ò g‡Vi Ges wgk‡bi wfwËcÖ¯—i ¯’vcb Ki‡Z ¯^vgx eªþvb›` I ¯^vgx †cÖgvb›` XvKv AvMg‡b m¤§Z nb| ex‡i›`ªbv_ cÖgyL f³ Zuv‡`i wb‡q hvevi Rb¨ †ejyo g‡V Mgb K‡ib| ¯^vgx eªþvb›` uKvgvL¨v Zx‡_© hvevi B”Qv cÖKvk Kivq, Zuviv Av‡M uKvgvL¨vq wM‡q c‡i gqgbwmsn n‡q XvKvq hv‡eb Giƒc w¯’i n‡jv| ïfw`‡b ïf¶‡Y ¯^vgx †cÖgvb›` I ¯^vgx eªþvb›` uKvgvL¨v Zx‡_© hvÎv Ki‡jb| m‡½ wQ‡jb ¯^vgx k¼ivb›`, ¯^vgx Aw¤^Kvb›`, ¯^vgx nwinivb›`, ¯^vgx `yM©vb›`, ¯^vgx gvaevb›`, ¯^vgx wP`vb›` I eªþPvix we‡bv`| ZvQvov f³‡`i g‡a¨ wQ‡jb cyuwUqvi wef~wZ f~lY ˆgÎ, XvKvi ex‡i›`ª emy Ges ¯^vgxRxi m‡nv`i g‡n›`ªbv_ `Ë| wZb w`b †MŠnvwU Ae¯’v‡bi ci Zuviv †mLvb †_‡K gqgbwmsn Awfgy‡L hvÎv Ki‡jb| K‡qKw`b gqgbwmsn Ae¯’v‡bi c‡i †mLvb †_‡K †Uª‡b XvKvq Av‡mb|
25 RvbyAvwi, 1916 m‡b gqgbwmsn †_‡K gnvivR m`je‡j XvKv kn‡i Dcw¯’Z n‡jb| XvKv †ij †÷kb †MÊvwiqvq gnviv‡Ri wecyj m¤^a©bv n‡qwQj| XvKv kn‡i Kv‡qZUzwj‡Z Kvwkgcy‡ii Rwg`vi mvi`v ivq †PŠayixi evwo‡Z gnvivR Ae¯’vb K‡ib| G evwowU 9, †Uªwbs K‡jR †iv‡W Aew¯’Z wQj| eZ©gv‡b iv¯—vi bvg cwiewZ©Z n‡q 15, we. †K. Mv½yjx †ivW bv‡g cwiwPZ nq| XvKvq †cuŠQvi ciw`b mKv‡j gnvivR ej‡jb, ÒMZ iv‡Î †`Ljvg VvKzi GLv‡b b„Z¨ Ki‡Qb| VvKziB Zuvi wb‡Ri cÖPviKvh© wb‡R Ki‡Qb| Avgiv †Kej Dcj¶ gvÎ|Ó GB ˆ`e msev` Qwo‡q co‡j, f³‡`i g‡a¨ Drmv‡ni eb¨v e‡q
7
kªxivgK…ò gw›`i, ivgK…ò gV, XvKv, 1916 mb
hvq| eû ag©wccvmy bibvix Zuvi wbKU `x¶v †bIqvi Rb¨ Avm‡Z jvMj| Zuv‡K `k©b K‡i Zuvi gy‡L Ava¨vwZ¥K fv‡ei K_v ï‡b mK‡ji cÖvY wmœ» I kvš— n‡Zv| f³‡`i g‡a¨ Avb›` Drm‡ei wn‡jvj DVj|
1916 m‡bi 13 †deª“Avwi h_vwewa c~Rv I †nv‡gi ci Avkª‡gi RvqMvq ¯^vgx eªþvb›` XvKv ivgK…ò g‡Vi I ¯^vgx †cÖgvb›` ivgK…ò wgk‡bi wfwËcÖ¯—i ¯’vcb K‡ib|11 XvKv kn‡ii GKRb eo Rwg`vi Ges ag© I ms¯‹…wZi c„ô‡cvlK †hv‡MkP›`ª `v‡mi `vb Kiv mvZ weNv Rwgi Dci ¯^vgx eªþvb›` eû RbZvi m¤§y‡L kªxivgK…‡òi evZ©v enb K‡i gvbeRvwZi kvwš— I Kj¨vY Kvgbv K‡ib| H mgq †mLvbKvi eû ag©wccvmy bibvix Zuvi Dc‡`k I K…cvjv‡f ab¨ nb| Drme w`e‡m mKvj †_‡K ivZ ch©š— wewfbœ RvqMv n‡Z f³`j G‡m gnvg‡nvrm‡ei Avb‡›`
†hvM`vb K‡ib| Pwjk-cÂvkLvwb †Lvj-KiZvj wb‡q wewfbœ f³`j hLb msKxZ©b Ki‡Z Ki‡Z bMi åg‡Y †ei n‡Zv ZLb mK‡ji ü`q Avb‡›` †b‡P DVZ|
ciewZ©Kv‡j gV evwo wbwg©Z nIqvi c‡i gw›`‡i kªxkªxVvKz‡ii cÖwZK…wZ cªwZôv K‡i ixwZgZ †fvMiv‡Mi e¨e¯’v Kiv nq| eveyivg gnviv‡Ri Av‡`k Abymv‡i XvKv g‡V kªxkªxVvKz‡ii d‡Uv c~Rvi e¨e¯’v n‡qwQj|12
D‡jL¨, gV †K‡›`ª mvayiv _v‡Kb| †m mv‡_ Ava¨vwZ¥KZv weKv‡ki Rb¨ c~RvP©bviI we‡kl e¨e¯’v _v‡K| ïi“‡Z †hLv‡b GB mvay‡`i _vKvi RvqMv nq ZviB cvkvcvwk †Kvb K‡¶ VvKz‡ii c~Rvi e¨e¯’v Kiv n‡Zv| Avjv`v †Kvb gw›`i wbg©vY Zr¶Yvr Kivi my‡hvM wQj bv| ciewZ©Kv‡j mvayiv myweavgZ †Kvb we‡kl RvqMvq c„_K gw›`‡ii e¨e¯’v Ki‡Zb| XvKv g‡VI Avw`‡Z mvaywbev‡mi mv‡_B Giƒc e¨e¯’v wQj| m¤¢eZt ¯^vgx eªþvb›` †mB fe‡bi wfwËcÖ¯—i K‡iwQ‡jb| Dc‡iv³ gw›`i c‡i KLb wbwg©Z n‡q‡Q Zvi mwVK w`b-ZvwiL A_ev †Kvb Aa¨‡¶i mg‡q wbg©vY n‡q‡Q ZviI mwVK †Kvb Z_¨ AvR Rvbvi Dcvq †bB| KviY, eZ©gv‡b †Kvb bZzb gw›`i n‡j NUv K‡i †hiƒc D‡Øvab Kiv nqÑc~‡e© †miKg †Kvb j¶¨Yxq e¨e¯’v wQj bv| †mRb¨ ¯^vgx eªþvb‡›`i XvKv g‡Vi †`Iqv wfwËcÖ¯—i‡KB ¯§iYxq Kivi Rb¨ Dc‡iv³ gw›`‡ii mb I ZvwiL 13 †deª“Avwi 1916 mb aiv n‡jv|
ejvevûj¨, GKBw`‡b bZzb RvqMv‡Z ¯^vgx †cÖgvb›` wgk‡bi †mevKv‡Ri Rb¨ GKwU wek kh¨v wewkó Bb‡Wvi nvmcvZv‡ji wfwËcÖ¯—i ¯’vcb K‡ib| G eQiB A_©vr 1916 m‡bi 29 †g wgkb fvov‡U evwo †_‡K eZ©gvb ¯’vqx Avev‡m ¯’vbvš—wiZ Kiv nq| cÖvq AvU gvm c‡i A_©vr 24 A‡±vei e‡½i cÖ_g MfY©i jW© KvigvB‡Kj ivgK…ò wgk‡bi GB wPwKrmv †mevkª‡gi (Hospital) Øvi D˜NvUb K‡ib|13 GeQiB gvP© gv‡m XvKv ivgK…ò wgkb †ejy‡oi kvLv wn‡m‡e Aby‡gv`b jvf K‡i Ges †ejyo ivgK…ò wgk‡bi KZ©„c¶ ¯’vbxq Kvh© wbe©vnK mwgwZ‡K wb‡qvMcÎ cÖ`vb K‡ib|
8
XvKv ivgK…ò gV I ivgK…ò wgkb GKB evwo‡Z Aew¯’Z| wgk‡bi cwiPvjKMY g‡Vi f³ I †meK e‡j ci¯ú‡ii m¤^Ü Awew”Qbœ| wgk‡b Rxe‡mev I g‡V Ck¦‡ivcvmbv Øviv Aa¨vwZ¥K DrKl© mvabB Zuv‡`i D‡Ïk¨|
1918 m‡bi Kvh© weeiYx‡Z †`Lv hvq kªxkªxVvKz‡ii c~Rv, a¨vb, Rc, ¯^va¨vqvw` g‡Vi Kvh©| GQvov `yM©vc~Rv, Kvjxc~Rv, Rb¥vógx, wkeivwÎ cÖf„wZ c~Rv-cve©Y Ges kªxivgK…ò cignsm‡`‡ei I kªxgr ¯^vgx we‡eKvb‡›`i R‡b¥vrmevw`I g‡V AbywôZ n‡q _v‡K| g‡Vi e¨qfvi wgkb Znwej n‡Z enb Kiv nq bv| f³MY I g‡Vi c„ô‡cvlKMY Zv enb K‡ib| 1919 m‡bi Kvh© weeiYx‡Z AviI †`Lv hvqÑwgk‡bi cÖPvi wefv‡Mi Kvh© t 1. †e`v‡š—v³ mve©Rbxb ag©-ZË¡mg~‡ni cÖPvi, 2. kªxkªxivgK…ò cignsm‡`e I kªxgr ¯^vgx we‡eKvb‡›`i Abyfewm× me©-ag© mgš^‡qi e¨vL¨v, 3. mve©‡fŠwgK ag©-wfwËi DciB RM‡Zi eZ©gvb mgm¨vmg~‡ni mgvavb m¤¢eciÑZv cÖwZcv`b| ZvQvov mvßvwnK ag©mfv, wbqwgZ kv¯¿ Av‡jvPbv, ag© welqK e³…Zv I cy¯—Kvw` cÖPvi Øviv wgkb G KvR m¤úv`‡bi †Póv K‡i _v‡K|
1916 m‡b ¯^vgx eªþvb›` gV cÖwZôvi mgq bZzb RvqMvq mvay‡`i _vKvi Rb¨ (eZ©gvb gw›`‡ii Wvbw`‡K) c~e©-cwðg w`‡K j¤^v K‡i wZb K¶wewkó †h BóK wbwg©Z fe‡bi wfwËcÖ¯—i ¯’vcb K‡iwQ‡jb| †mB fe‡bB ciewZ©Kv‡j wewfbœ mg‡q kªxivgK…ò cvl©`‡`i g‡a¨ ¯^vgx †cÖgvb›` (1917), ¯^vgx my‡evavb›` (1920), ¯^vgx wkevb›`, ¯^vgx A‡f`vb›` (1922) Ges ¯^vgx weÁvbvb›` (1935) hLb XvKvq Av‡mbÑZLb Zuviv GB mvay wbev‡mB Ae¯’vb Ki‡Zb| GLv‡b _vKvKv‡j wewfbœ mg‡qi `yÕwU HwZnvwmK NUbv Rvbv hvq|
1920 m‡b kªxkªxgv‡qi gš¿wkl¨ I ¯^vgx we‡eKvb‡›`i wbKU mbœ¨vmcÖvß ¯^vgx AvZ¥vb›` XvKv g‡Vi Aa¨¶ wn‡m‡e G‡jb| Gmgq kªxkªxgv †KvjKvZvq jxjvmseiY K‡i‡Qb| G mgqKvi GKwU NUbvi eY©bv Giƒc t gv‡qi c~Zvw¯’ XvKv g‡V wbZ¨c~Rvi D‡Ï‡k¨ †cÖwiZ n‡q‡Q| †ejv wØcÖni Mwo‡q hv‡”Q c~Zvw¯’ ZLbI G‡m †cuŠ‡Qwb| gvZ…f³ ïKzj gv‡qi AvMgb-cÖZx¶vq Ni-evi Ki‡Qb| †mw`b Zuvi Kx fve! gy‡L‡Pv‡L †hb w`e¨‡R¨vwZ †d‡U co‡Q| Kx GKUv Av‡e‡k, †hb Adziš— †Kvb Avb‡›`i cÖZ¨¶ ms¯ú‡k©, Abvnv‡i Dcev‡m e‡m Av‡Qb| Zuv‡K †`‡L GKRb AÁvZ AcwiwPZ e¨w³iI g‡b n‡qwQj, ÔAvnv gvZ…nviv wkï eywS GZw`‡b Zuvi gv‡K Avevi wd‡i cv‡e!Õ Avkª‡gi fvÊv‡i wb‡`©k w`‡jb, gv‡qi Rb¨ Av‡M n‡ZB †hb fvZ ivbœv Kiv bv nq| nuvwo‡Z Rj dzU‡Z _vK‡e, Avkª‡g gv †cuŠQ‡jB Z‡e Pvj Qvo‡Z n‡e| c_kªvš— gv †hb G‡m Mig Mig Avnvi Ki‡Z cv‡ib, ZviB Rb¨ `i`x mš—v‡bi G e¨e¯’v| mK‡j RvbZ c~Zvw¯’ Avm‡QÑAvZ¥vb›` wKš‘ gv‡qi cÖZ¨¶ AvMgbB Abyfe K‡i †ivgvwÂZ nw”Q‡jb| mZ¨B hLb cweÎ Aw¯’-cvÎ gV-fe‡b Avbv n‡jvÑZLb AvZ¥vb‡›`i AkÖ“wm³ iw³g e`b †`‡L Dcw¯’Z Kvi bv †eva n‡qwQj †h, gv AvR n‡Z GB Avkª‡g wbZ¨ AwawôZv n‡jb?14 †mw`‡bi GB NUbvi cÖZ¨¶`kx© huviv, Zuviv fvM¨evb m‡›`n †bB| ciewZ©Kv‡j G c~Zvw¯’ XvKv gV †_‡K †ejyo g‡V wdwi‡q †bIqv nq|
wØZxq NUbvwU ¯^vgx my‡evavb‡›`i| †mvbviMuv Avkª‡g bewbwg©Z kªxivgK…ò gw›`‡ii cÖwZôv Dcj‡¶ 1924 m‡bi †g gv‡m wZwb XvKvq Av‡mb| GwU XvKvq Zuvi wØZxqevi Avmv| Gmgq BwZnv‡mi Aa¨vcK GKRb Zi“Y f³ ZLb MÖx‡®§i QywU‡Z XvKv kªxivgK…ò g‡V GKvš—-evm, covïbv Ges mvaym½ KiwQ‡jb| wZwb K‡qK w`b a‡i Ávb‡hvM c‡o‡Qb wKš‘ ÔgvqvÕ m¤^‡Ü cwi®‹vi aviYv n‡”Q bv| G m¤^‡Ü c~Rbxq †LvKv gnviv‡Ri mv‡_I Zuvi Av‡jvPbv nw”Qj| wZwb c~Rbxq gnviv‡Ri N‡iB _vK‡Zb ZuviB Aci cv‡k¦© Avi GKLvwb †QvU Z³‡cv‡k| Gw`b (15 Ryb, 1924 mb) mܨvKvjxb Rc-a¨vbvw`i ci Aa¨vcKRx wbR weQvbvq G‡m e‡mb| wbKU¯’ weQvbv n‡Z †LvKv gnvivR Zuv‡K gkvwi LvwU‡q GKUz wekªvg Ki‡Z e‡jb|
9
Awdm wewìs-bxPZjv 1918, DciZjv 1987-88 mb
cyivZb iÜbkvjv, bxPZjv-1918, DciZjv-1994
wZwb Z`bymv‡i gkvwi LvwU‡q GKUz KvZ n‡jb| Ggb mgq GKRb eªþPvix †Kvb Kv‡Ri cÖ‡qvR‡b N‡ii jÉbwU wb‡q †M‡jb| NiwUi cðv‡ZB GKwU wbR©b evMvb| ZLb AÜKv‡i `yÕR‡b ÔgvqvÕ m¤^‡Ü, f~Z-†cÖZvw` m¤^‡Ü Ges AviI Ab¨vb¨ wel‡q K_vevZ©v ej‡Z jvM‡jb| gv_vi w`‡Ki RvbvjvwU †Lvjv i‡q‡Q †`‡L †LvKv gnvivR ej‡jb, Òˆk‡jb, RvbvjvUv †h Ly‡j †i‡LQ, †`‡Lv †hb f~‡Z j¤^v nvZ bv evovq|Õ ˆk‡jbevey ej‡jb, Ôbv, I Avevi wK?Ó e‡j bxie n‡jb| wKQy¶Y Df‡qB bxie| bxie, K_vevZ©v †bB| Ggb mgq †LvKv gnvivR AwZmš—c©‡Y wbR weQvbv n‡Z D‡V †mB wbtkã iv‡Î Pzwc Pzwc ˆk‡jbeveyi Mv‡q nvZ eyjv‡Z jvM‡jb| G‡Z ˆk‡jbevey Pg‡K D‡V f‡q PxrKvi Ki‡Z jvM‡jb| ZLb †LvKv gnvivR nvwm m¤^iY Ki‡Z cvi‡jb bv| e¨vcvi ey‡S Df‡qB A‡bK¶Y a‡i nvm‡jb| nvwm _vg‡j †LvKv gnvivR ej‡jb, ÒhZ¶Y bv RvbwQ‡j, ZZ¶Y fq wQj| hLb Rvb‡j Avi fq †bB, GLb mwZ¨ mwZ¨ f~‡Z ai‡jI fq cv‡e bv| RMr‡K GKevi hviv ÔgvqvÕ e‡j Rvb‡Z †c‡i‡Q, Zviv wKQy‡ZB fq cvq bv, meB ÔgvqvÕ †`‡L| hviv Gme ÔgvqvÕ e‡j Rvb‡Z cv‡iwb, Zviv fq cvq|Ó15
1918 m‡bi w`‡K GB Awdm wewìs ˆZwi nq eZ©gvb f~wg‡Z| GwU Ò†mŠwi›`ª cÖmv` wewìsÓ bv‡g AvRI mv¶¨ enb Ki‡Q R‰bK f‡³i ¯§„wZ i¶v‡_©| cÖ_g w`‡K GwU cuvP K¶wewkó GKZjv feb wQj| ZLb MÖš’vMviwU GKB AÆvwjKvi GKwU K‡¶ wQj| D‡jL¨ Avwki `k‡K G febwU wØZ‡j DbœxZ nq Abyiƒc cuvPwU K¶ wb‡q| Gi d‡j AwZw_-f³ G‡j G fe‡bi †`vZjvq _vKvi e¨e¯’v Kiv nq|
1918 m‡b XvKvi beve AvnmvbDjvn-Gi bv‡g Zuvi Kb¨v Av³vi evby Lvbg ¯^vgx †cÖgvb‡›`i cÖwZ kª×vi wb`k©b¯^iƒc GKZjv wewkó GKwU iÜbkvjv I †fvRbvjq wbg©vY K‡ib| G fe‡b AvRI beve evwoi GKwU ¯§„wZdjK mv¶¨ n‡q Av‡Q| GK Zjvwewkó G febwU beŸBÑGi `k‡K †`vZjv Kiv nq| GLv‡b mvay‡`i LvIqvi RvqMvi e¨e¯’v i‡q‡Q| ZvQvov †`vZjvq PviwU K‡¶ mvay‡`i _vKvi e¨e¯’vI Kiv n‡q‡Q|
1940 m‡b (1346 evs) mvay‡`i _vKvi Rb¨ cÖ_g febwUi GKUz cwðg-msj‡Mœ Av‡iKwU Abyiƒc wZb K¶wewkó GKZjv AÆvwjKv cyevB‡ji Rwg`vi ˆZwi K‡ib Zuvi fw³gZx cZœx um‡ivwRbx‡`exi ¯§„wZK‡íÑhv AvRI bvgdjKmn †`Lv hvq|
10
1918 m‡bi XvKv ivgK…ò g‡Vi Kvh© weeiYx‡Z †`Lv hvq gV I wgk‡bi ïi“i w`‡K wgk‡bi Kvh© m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ GKwU Kvh©wbe©vnx mwgwZ _vKZ| G mwgwZ‡Z me©`v mvayiv _vK‡Zb bv| †h‡nZz g‡Vi Kv‡Ri Rb¨ mvay-eªþPvix wQ‡jb| ZvB mvayiv KL‡bv mwgwZ‡Z ZË¡veavqK, †Kvlva¨¶ Giƒcfv‡e wb‡qvwRZ n‡Zb|
1918 m‡b wgk‡bi Kvh© wbe©vnx mwgwZi mfvcwZ wQ‡jbÑkªxhyZ b„Z¨‡Mvcvj †Mv¯^vgx, m¤úv`KÑkªxhyZ VvKziPiY gy‡Lvcva¨vq, mnKvix m¤úv`KÑcÖ‡KŠkjx cÖdzj P›`ª e‡›`¨vcva¨vq, †Kvlva¨¶ †hv‡MkP›`ª `vm, mf¨MY t eªþPvix gwZjvj, eªþPvix `yM©vbv_, eªþPvix mZx›`ªKzgvi, hZx›`ª‡gvnb `vm, my‡a›`y‡gvnb `vm, nwið›`ª `vm, wb‡iv`iÄb gRyg`vi, ex‡i›`ªbv_ emy, †hv‡MkP›`ª †Nvl, f~cwZ‡gvnb emy cÖgyL e¨w³MY|
1923 m‡b G mwgwZi ZË¡veavqK I †Kvlva¨¶ wQ‡jbѯ^vgx nwinivb›`, mfvcwZÑkªx‡hv‡MkP›`ª `vm, Rwg`vi; m¤úv`KÑkªxnwikP›`ª `vm, we. G. gnvkq| mn‡hvMx I mnKvix m¤úv`KÑeªþPvix Agj‰PZb¨ I eªþPvix gnv‰PZb¨| GQvov mf¨MY wQ‡jbѯ^vgx gnv‡`evb›`, ¯^vgx APz¨Zvb›`, eªþPvix e¨vm‰PZb¨, hZx›`ª‡gvnb `vm, †hv‡MkP›`ª †Nvl, igbx‡gvnb †Mv¯^vgx, wPš—vniY gyLvRx©| ZvQvov wgk‡bi mfvcwZ I m¤úv`K c‡` kªxAi“YcÖmv` †PŠayix, Wt KvRx †gvZvnvi †nv‡mb, Wt †Mvwe›`P›`ª †`e cÖgyL e¨w³MY 1972 m‡bi c~‡e© wewfbœ mgq `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i‡Qb| Gu‡`i mgqKvi XvKv wgk‡bi Kvh©-wbe©vnK KwgwUi mf¨M‡Yi †Zgb wKQy Z_¨ msMÖn Kiv hvqwb|
1916 m‡bi w`‡K kªxkªxgv‡qi wkl¨ ¯^vgx gnv‡`evb›` XvKv g‡Vi `vwq‡Z¡ wQ‡jb| 1920 m‡bi cÖ_g w`‡K ¯^vgx AvZ¥vb›` XvKv g‡Vi Aa¨¶ wn‡m‡e XvKvq G‡jb| wZwb 1921 m‡b XvKv gV †_‡K Aemi wb‡q fye‡bk¦‡i wd‡i hvb| Zvici ¯^vgx nwinivb›`, ¯^vgx Rcvb›`, ¯^vgx †cÖ‡gkvb›`, ¯^vgx A¶ivb›` (j²Y gnvivR), ¯^vgx m¤^y×vb›`, ¯^vgx mvabvb›`, ¯^vgx ivN‡ek¦ivb›`, ¯^vgx ÁvbvZ¥vb›`, ¯^vgx mZ¨Kvgvb›`, ¯^vgx wbR©ivb›` (†gvwnZ), ¯^vgx m~²vb›` (b‡ib), ¯^vgx KvwjKvZ¥vb›` (n‡ib) cÖgyL mbœ¨vwmMY 1972 m‡bi c~e© ch©š— wewfbœ mgq g‡Vi Aa¨¶ c‡` AwawôZ wQ‡jb|
cÖwZôvjMœ †_‡K me mvay-Kgx©‡`i bvg Rvbvi my‡hvM †bB| Z‡e evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb nIqvi c~e© ch©š— huv‡`i bvg msMÖn Kiv †Mj Zuv‡`i g‡a¨ ¯^vgx Av`¨vb›`, ¯^vgx Z¨vMxk¦ivb›` (†ng), ¯^vgx evg‡`evb›` (i‡g›`ªbv_), ¯^vgx wek¦vZ¥vb›` (wkíx my‡ib), ¯^vgx †hvMxk¦ivb›` (Dcy`v), ¯^vgx ï×vZ¥vb›` (†`‡ek), ¯^vgx mrcÖKvkvb›` (nwik), ¯^vgx mZ¨¯^iƒcvb›` (w؇Rb), ¯^vgx m`&fvevb›` (†n‡g›`ª), ¯^vgx mycY©vb›` (mZxbv_) [ kªxivgK…ò cwiµgv, 1g LÊ ], ¯^vgx wb¯ú„nvb›`, ¯^vgx AUjvb›`, ¯^vgx wePvivb›`, ¯^vgx eivb›` cÖgyL|
cÖPvi wefvMmvßvwnK ag©mfv t wgk‡bi cÖwZôvjMœ †_‡K cÖwZ kwbevi mvqv‡ý †gvwnbxeveyi evwo‡Z G mfvi Awa‡ekb
n‡Zv| 1920 m‡bi RyjvB gv‡m †gvwnbxeveyi evwo †_‡K cÖmbœ Kzgvi `vm-Gi Ò†MŠivevmÓ fe‡b ¯’vbvš—wiZ n‡qwQj|16 ag©MÖš’ cvV, m`v‡jvPbv I m½xZvw`i Øviv mvavi‡Yi g‡a¨ ag©fve mÂvi Kiv Gi D‡Ïk¨| ag©wccvmy e¨w³gvÎ G‡Z †hvM`vb Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb| XvKv g‡Vi cwiPvjbvq cÖwZ mßv‡nÑdivmMÄ kwbevi, ZuvwZevRvi ïµevi, Kvßvb evRvi †mvgevi I bvwi›`vq eyaevi Gme agx©q Awa‡ekb n‡Zv|
kv¯¿ PP©v t a‡g©i mbvZb ZË¡mKj hv‡Z eZ©gvb Rxe‡bi aviYv I Abyôvb‡hvM¨ nqÑG D‡Ï‡k¨ wgk‡b kv¯¿v‡jvPbvi e¨e¯’v Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖwZ g½jevi I e„n¯úwZevi Aciv‡nè kªxg™¢Me˜MxZv Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| mg¯— eQ‡i 64 w`b Awa‡ekb n‡qwQj|
Av‡jvPbv mfv t iweevi w`b Aciv‡nè G Av‡jvPbv mfvi Awa‡ekb nq| G‡Z gvbeRxe‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq wewea wel‡qi Av‡jvPbvi e¨e¯’v _vKv‡Z hyeK‡`i Ava¨vwZ¥K DbœwZi mv‡_ mv‡_ gvbwmK I ˆbwZK DrKl© mva‡bi myweav N‡U _v‡K| a‡g©i mve©‡fŠwgK ¯^iƒc Av‡jvPbv K‡i RM‡Z hv wKQy mr, hv wKQy gnr mg¯—B †h a‡g©i Aš—f©y³ n‡Z cv‡i Zv cÖwZcbœ Kiv Ges †e`vš— a‡g©i mve©Rbxb fvef~wg †_‡K gvb‡ei Abykxjbxq †h ag©mvab m¤¢eci Zv cÖ`k©b Kiv G mfvi Kvh©| wKš‘ G mfv mvaviYZ hyeK‡`i PwiÎ MV‡bi cÖwZB we‡kl `„wó †i‡L _v‡K| †h mg¯— D”P Av`k© gnvcyyi“l‡`i Rxe‡b cwiYwZ jvf K‡i‡Q Ges †h mKj g~jbxwZ Aej¤^‡b Zuviv Rxeb MVb K‡iwQ‡jb, hyeK‡`i Zuv‡`i mv‡_ cwiwPZ I Zuv‡`i Øviv AbycÖvwYZ KivB G mfvi j¶¨| Av‡jvwPZ welq mK‡ji g‡a¨ ÒXvKv ivgK…ò wgk‡bi Kvh© I D‡Ïk¨Ó, ÒeZ©gvb hyM I Kg©‡hvMÓ, Ò`yM©vc~RvÓ, ÒRbmvavi‡Yi g‡a¨ wk¶vwe¯—viÓ, ÒAv‡jvPbv mfvi DcKvwiZvÓ cÖf„wZ D‡jL Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
kªxivgK…ò‡`e I kªxgr ¯^vgx we‡eKvb›` R‡b¥vrme t kªxivgK…ò‡`e I kªxgr ¯^vgx we‡eKvb‡›`i R‡b¥vrme g‡Vi Kv‡h©i Aš—M©Z| wKš‘ †h‡nZz mvayMY wgk‡bi †meK Ges †h‡nZz wgk‡bi Acivci †meK Zuv‡`i mv‡_ GK‡hv‡M KvR m¤úv`b K‡ib †m‡nZz G‡K wgk‡bi Kvh© weeiYxi Aš—f©y³ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| mvay gnvcyi“l‡`i Rxe‡bi we‡kl NUbv mK‡ji cyY¨¯§„wZ i¶v Øviv †Kej f³MYB DcK…Z nb bv huviv G‡Z †hvM`vb K‡ib Zuviv mK‡jB ag©Rxe‡b bZyb Av‡jvK I †cªiYv jvf Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
1919 m‡bi 26 RvbyAvwi ¯^vgx we‡eKvb‡›`i mvZvbœZg R‡b¥vrme m¤úbœ n‡qwQj| `wi`ª bvivqYM‡Yi †mevB Drm‡ei cÖavb A½ wQj| Aš—Z wZb nvRvi `wi`ª bvivqY G Dcj‡¶ †fvRb K‡iwQ‡jb| Aciv‡nè mg‡eZ f`ªgÊjx I QvÎM‡Yi mg‡¶ ¯^vgxRxi Rxebx I Dc‡`kvejx Av‡jvwPZ n‡qwQj|
cieZ©x 9 gvP© fMevb kªxkªxivgK…ò cignsm‡`‡ei 84Zg R‡b¥vrme Dcj‡¶ c~Rv, m½xZ I KxZ©bvw` n‡qwQj| †mw`b Aciv‡nè wgk‡bi 1918 m‡bi evrmwiK mfviI Awa‡ekb n‡qwQj| XvKv wefv‡Mi Kwgkbvi †R. Gb. ¸ß, AvB. wm. Gm. g‡nv`q mfvcwZi Avmb MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb| mfvq wZb nvRvi f`ªg‡nv`q I f`ªgwnjv Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb|
DwjwLZ wbqwgZ Awa‡ekbvw` e¨ZxZ †ejyo g‡Vi mbœ¨vwmMY I Ab¨ m¤cÖ`vqfy³ mvay I cwÊZMY wgkb KZ©„K Avn~Z n‡q mgq mgq e³…Zv I a‡g©vc‡`kvw` cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡Kb| wgk‡bi cÖwZôv †_‡K eZ©gvb mgq A_©vr 1918 mb ch©š— ¯^vgx cÖKvkvb›`, ¯^vgx weiRvb›`, ¯^vgx Afqvb›` (¯^vgxRxi mbœ¨vwmbx wkl¨ †gix jyBm), ¯^vgx †cÖgvb›`, ¯^vgx ï×vb›`, ¯^vgx mvi`vb›`, ¯^vgx we‡eKvb›`, ¯^vgx cigvb›`, ¯^vgxRxi wkl¨ ¯^vgx m`vb›`, ¯^vgx wbZ¨vb›`, ¯^vgx wbf©qvb›`, ¯^vgx eªþvb›`, ¯^vgx Zzixqvb›`, ¯^vgx A‰ØZvb›` cÖf„wZ gnvcyi“lMY XvKvq ïfvMgbc~e©K f³ I Rbmvavi‡Yi g‡a¨ ag©fv‡ei DÏxcb K‡i †M‡Qb|
1922 m‡b ¯^vgx wkevb›` XvKv g‡V Ae¯’vbKv‡j f³‡`i AvMÖnvwZk‡h¨ GKw`b mܨv‡ejv divmM‡Äi cÖmbœKzgvi `v‡mi Ò†MŠivev‡mÓ f³m‡¤§j‡b †hvM`vb K‡ib|17 ejvevûj¨, XvKv ivgK…ò wgkb KZ©„K †mLv‡b ZLb cÖwZ kwbev‡i GKwU mvܨ Awa‡ekb cwiPvwjZ n‡Zv| gnvcyi“lRxi ïfvMg‡bi msev` cÖPvwiZ nIqvq AvM †_‡KB eû f³ bi-bvix I g‡Vi mvay-eªþPvix †mLv‡b mg‡eZ n‡q‡Qb| ag©mfvi
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mvܨ Awa‡ek‡bi ¯’v‡b cÖ‡ek K‡i gnvcyi“lRx kªxivgK„‡òi mymw¾Z cÖwZK…wZLvwb mvóv½ cÖYvg Ki‡jb| Zuvi AvmbMÖn‡Yi ci mfvi cÖvi‡¤¢ h_vixwZ R‰bK f³ GKwU fRb Mvb Ki‡jb|
1922 mb †_‡K 1972 m‡bi c~e© ch©š— cÂvk eQ‡i kªxivgK…ò cvl©‡`i g‡a¨ †hme mbœ¨vwmMY XvKvq G‡m‡Qb Zuviv n‡jbѯ^vgx wkevb›`, ¯^vgx A‡f`vb›`, ¯^vgx my‡evavb›`, ¯^vgx weÁvbvb›`| ZvQvov Ab¨vb¨ mbœ¨vmx‡`i g‡a¨ ¯^vgx gvaevb›`, ¯^vgx weï×vb›`, ¯^vgx Afqvb›` (fiZ gnvivR), ¯^vgx M¤¢xivb›`, ¯^vgx f~‡Zkvb›`, ¯^vgx †jv‡Kk¦ivb›` cÖgyL|
¯^vgx f~‡Zkvb›` 1930 m‡bi w`‡K XvKv g‡Vi mnKvix m¤úv`K wQ‡jb| ZLb wZwb ÒmyiavgÓ bv‡g GKZjv GKwU fe‡b _vK‡Zb| c‡i H febwU bZzb gw›`i-Gi RvqMvi g‡a¨ P‡j hvq| G mgqKvi GKwU NUbv wZwb e‡jbÑXvKv g‡V Zuvi Kv‡Q GKw`b wZb nvRvi UvKv wQj| †mhy‡M wZb nvRvi UvKv weivU e¨vcvi| K_v wQj UvKv¸‡jv e¨vs‡K Rgv w`‡eb| wKš‘ †Kvb Kvi‡Y e¨vs‡K Rgv w`‡Z cv‡ibwb| wK Ki‡eb †mmgq G UvKv wb‡q| ZvB GKUz †f‡e cyuUwj K‡i evwj‡ki g‡a¨ XywK‡q gv_vq †P‡c ï‡q iB‡jb| Avi fve‡Qb iv‡Z hw` UvKvUv Pzwi n‡q hvq Z‡e †Zv me©bvk! wK Ki‡eb, K‚jwKbviv Ki‡Z cvi‡Qb bv| Gme †f‡e f‡q GK`g Nyg Avi †Pv‡L †bB| Gcvk-Icvk Ki‡Qb| mvivivZ `ytwðš—vq Mi‡g †N‡g evwjk wf‡R †M‡Q| mKvj n‡j Z‡e wKQyUv wbwðš— n‡jb| ZvB GKw`b nvm‡Z nvm‡Z e‡jwQ‡jbÑÒUvKvi †h GZ MigÑZv Av‡M RvbZzg bv|Ó
wk¶v wefvMwk¶v‡¶‡ÎI wgk‡bi j¶¨ AwZkq D”P| G‡`‡ki RbmvaviY‡K msmvimsMÖv‡g mg_© KivB GKgvÎ AwfcÖvq
bq eis hv‡Z Zviv RvZxq Av`k© A¶zYœ †i‡L, RvZxq Ava¨vwZ¥K m¤úwËi Dchy³ DËivwaKvix n‡q ex‡ii gZ Rxebhy‡× Rqx n‡Z cv‡i ZvB wgk‡bi D‡Ïk¨|
1. we`¨vjq t 1914 m‡bi 8 b‡f¤^i kªxivgK…ò A‰eZwbK we`¨vjq bv‡g `wi`ª evjK‡`i cÖv_wgK wk¶v`v‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ ¯’vwcZ nq|18 1916 m‡b Iqvix I †gŠïwÊi fvov evwo †_‡K eZ©gvb RvqMvq ¯’vbvš—wiZ nq| c~‡e© G‡Z wZbwU gvÎ †kªYx wQj| wKš‘ MZ wZb eQ‡i GK GKwU K‡i Dc‡ii AviI wZbwU †kªYx †Lvjvi Rb¨ e¨e¯’v nq| GLv‡b D”P Bs‡iwR we`¨vj‡qi 6ô gvb ch©š— wk¶v`v‡bi e¨e¯’v n‡qwQj| 1918 mb ch©š— G we`¨vj‡q 263 Rb evjK wk¶vjvf K‡i‡Q| G we`¨vj‡q Avkª‡gi mvay eªþPvwiMY wk¶v`vb K‡i _v‡Kb|
1920 m‡b GB we`¨vj‡q wk¶vcÖYvjx bZybfv‡e MwVZ n‡q‡Q| wk¶Yxq wel‡qi GKwU µgwbeÜ ZvwjKv cÖ¯‘Z K‡i Z`bymv‡i Qv·`i evsjvfvlvi mvnv‡h¨ 7 eQ‡i cvwUMwYZ, BwZnvm, f~‡Mvj, weÁvb, K…wl I ¯^v¯’¨ m¤^‡Ü D”P Bs‡iwR we`¨vj‡qi wk¶vgvb ch©š— Ávb`v‡bi †Póv nw”Qj| ZLb †_‡K evsjvfvlv cÖavb fvlv Ges Bs‡iwR †MŠY fvlv wn‡m‡e wk¶v †`qv nq| Qv·`i ˆ`wnK, ˆbwZK I ag©-wk¶viI e¨e¯’v wQj| DcRxweKv wk¶vi m~Pbv ¯^iƒc we`¨vj‡qi KZ©„c¶ `wi`ª Qv·`i `ßwii KvR wk¶v`v‡bi msKí K‡iwQ‡jb| hv‡Z QvÎM‡Yi AvZ¥m¤§vb‡eva I KZ©e¨eyw×i D‡b¥l nq Ges Zviv gvbyl e‡j †MŠie †eva Ki‡Z cv‡i, Gi d‡j hv‡Z Zviv eyw×c~e©K I mrfv‡e wbR wbR e¨emv cwiPvjbv K‡i I myweav †c‡j AwaK Ávbjv‡fi c‡_ AMÖmi nq AvcvZZ ZvB we`¨vj‡qi D‡Ïk¨| ZvQvov, QvÎMY wkíwk¶viI my‡hvM †cZ wb‡R‡`i cv‡q `uvov‡bvi Rb¨|
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we`¨vjq ïi“i w`‡K wk¶K ev cÖavb wk¶K‡`i bvg cwiPq AvR Rvbvi my‡hvM Kg| ¯^vgx weÁvbvb›`Rxi wkl¨ kªximgq `vm AvRI eZ©gvb| wZwb ¯§„wZPviY K‡i e‡jbÑ1935 m‡bi w`‡K we`¨vj‡qi cÖavb wk¶K wQ‡jb b‡Mb gnvivR, imgq `vm ZLb 4_© †kªYxi QvÎ| Gici wewfbœ mgq bxwZk gnvivR, my‡ikP›`ª ivq, mZxkP›`ª PµeZx©, G¨vW‡fv‡KU jwjZ‡gvnb mvnvÑGuiv cÖavb wk¶‡Ki `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i‡Qb| GQvov cieZx©‡Z huviv wk¶KZv Ki‡ZbÑf‡e›`ªKzgvi ivq, nik¼i `vm, cÖ`y¨ZKzgvi PµeZx©, wef~wZ f~lY †fŠwgK, g‡bviÄb †fŠwgK, nwiejf cvj, ax‡i›`ªP›`ª gRyg`vi, ˆk‡jk †fŠwgK, b~i †gvnv¤§` wgTv, †gŠjfx Ave`ym †mvenvb, dwYf~lY Ki, AwbjP›`ª wek¦vm, iYwRr Kzgvi mvnv, c‡ikP›`ª miKvi, nwi‡Mvcvj gwjK, cÖ`xc ivq †PŠayix, mybxj PµeZx©, hZx›`ªP›`ª `vm, evmy‡`e cv‡Ê, gwZjvj †`ebv_, wek¦bv_ wmsn I mybxj nvj`vi|
2. cy¯—KvMvi I cvVM„n t ¯^vgxRxi wcÖq wkl¨ ¯^vgx cigvb›` hLb 1911 m‡b XvKvq Av‡mb ZLb Zuvi Øviv GwU cÖwZwôZ nq| cÖ_g w`‡K Rwg`vi †gvwnbx‡gvnb `v‡mi evwo‡ZB ïi“ nq| c‡i Iqvix I †gŠïwʇZ 1914 m‡b A‡±vei gv‡m GKwU c„_K evwo fvov Kiv nq| GB fvovwUqv evwo‡Z me©mvavi‡Yi Rb¨ cy¯—KvMvi I cvVvMvi ¯’vwcZ n‡qwQj| 1916 m‡b GwU eZ©gvb f~wg‡Z ¯’vbvš—wiZ nq| ZLb GKB Uvwji Pvjvi j¤^v evwo‡Z we`¨vjq, wPwKrmvjq, MÖš’vMvi Ges cvVvMvi wQj| c‡i MÖš’vMvi I cvVvMvi cÖavb Awdm fe‡bi GKwU K‡¶ Avbv nq|
†m mgq kwbevi e¨ZxZ cÖZ¨n weKv‡j wgk‡bi cy¯—KvMvi I cvVM„n †Lvjv _vKZ| ZLb †h †KD G‡m †mLv‡b cy¯—Kvw` cvV Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb| †Kej wgk‡bi mf¨, †meK I Puv`v `vZvMY evwo‡Z cy¯—K wb‡q †h‡Z cvi‡Zb| AwaKvsk cy¯—K ag©msµvš— wKš‘ mvwnZ¨, weÁvb I BwZnvm welqK cy¯—KI wQj| 1919 m‡bi †k‡l cy¯—‡Ki msL¨v 1536 n‡qwQj| bÕLvbv gvwmK cwÎKv, GKLvbv mvßvwnK I GKLvbv ˆ`wbK msev`cÎ ivLv n‡Zv|
3. `wi`ª Qv·`i mvnvh¨ t wi‡cv‡U© D‡jwLZÑ1915 mb †_‡K 1918 mb ch©š— wgkb cÖwZeQi eû Qv·K A_© mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q cy¯—Kvw` µ‡qi Rb¨|
†mev wefvMivgK…ò wgk‡bi †mevKv‡h©i D‡Ïk¨ AvZ¥vbyf~wZ; c‡ivcKvi mvab ev `qvag© cvjb bq| †KejgvÎ
gvbecÖxwZ ev ˆbwZK KZ©e¨-eyw× e‡j wgk‡bi †meKMY †mevKv‡j eªZx nqwb, ciš‘ gy³¯^fve AvZ¥vi Dcvwaiƒc eÜb †_‡K wegy³ nevi †h ¯^ZtcÖeYZv ZvB Zv‡`i Kv‡h© cÖ‡Yvw`Z K‡i‡Q| GKB AvZ¥v me©f~‡Z weivRgvb| AZGe ¯^v_©eyw×hy³ Kg©gvÎB e܇bi †nZz Ges wbt¯^v_© Kg©B AvZ¥weKv‡ki Dcvq| GRb¨ wgkb Kvh© A‡c¶v Kv‡h©i fv‡ei cÖwZ AwaKZi `„wó †i‡L _v‡K| bvivqY‡ev‡a `wi`ª, wecbœ I cxwoZM‡Yi †mevB ¯^v_©Z¨v‡Mi m‡e©v”P `„óvš—| GB bvivqY †meveªZ cvj‡b wgkb †h mvgvb¨ †Póv K‡i‡Q Zv wb‡gœ ewY©Z n‡jv|
†mevkªg (nvmcvZvj) t 1916 m‡b 13 †deª“Avwi ¯^vgx †cÖgvb›` †mevkª‡gi wfwËcÖ¯—i ¯’vcb K‡ib| GeQiB 24 AvM÷ wgk‡bi GB †mevM„n wekkh¨v wewkó wbg©vY nq †ivMx‡`i †mevi Rb¨| e‡½i cÖ_g MfY©i jW© KvigvB‡Kj Gi Øvi‡`vNUb K‡ib|19 G f~wg‡Z cÖ_‡g Uvjxi Pvjvq, Zrc‡i GKZjv AÆvwjKv fe‡b wPwKrmvi KvR PjZ| 1918 mb ch©š— †mLv‡b 82 Rb †ivMxi †mev Kiv n‡q‡Q| 1919 m‡b 34wU †ivMx †mevkª‡g M„nxZ n‡qwQj| Zvig‡a¨ 27 Rb Av‡ivM¨ jvf K‡i, `yÕRb XvKv wgU‡dvW©
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nvmcvZv‡j †cÖwiZ nq Ges PviR‡bi g„Zz¨ N‡U| wgkb KZ©„K H mKj g„Z‡`‡ni mrKvi Kiv n‡qwQj| GQvov AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb _vKv m‡Ë¡I g„‡Zi mrKv‡ii Rb¨ A‡b‡KB wgk‡bi mvnvh¨cÖv_x© n‡Zv| AwaKvsk †ivMx Bbd¬z‡qbRv, R¡i, AwZmvi I Ab¨vb¨ AmsµvgK †ivMMÖ¯— wQj| c„_K †Kvb e‡›`ve¯— bv _vKvq †mevkª‡g msµvgK e¨vwai wPwKrmv n‡Z cv‡iwb| Avek¨Kxq hš¿vw`i Afv‡e wgkb KwVb A¯¿ wPwKrmvfviI MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| GQvov gd¯^‡j bvbv¯’v‡b K‡jiv †ivMxi †mevI Kiv n‡Zv| wgk‡b `vZe¨ Jlavjq e¨ZxZ ZuvwZevRv‡i GKwU `vZe¨ Jlavjq wQj|
K‡jiv †ivMxi †mev t G mgq XvKv wgkb KZ©„K K‡jiv †ivMxi †mev Kiv n‡Zv| XvKvi cÂmvi, nwinw`© Gme GjvKvq K‡jivi cÖv`yf©v‡ei mgq XvKv wgk‡bi 4 Rb †meK †mLv‡b †cÖiY Kiv nq| Zuviv `yÕmßvnKvj 23 Rb †ivMxi †mev K‡ib| GQvov 50 R‡bi K‡jiv cÖwZ‡laK Jla cÖ`vb K‡ib| gqgbwmsn wWw÷ª± †ev‡W©i fvBm †Pqvig¨vb g‡nv`‡qi wbKU n‡Z K‡jivi fxlY cÖv`yf©v‡ei msev` †c‡q 6 Rb †meK gqgbwmsn hvÎv K‡ib| bv›`vBj _vbvi ivRvevwiqv MÖv‡g †mev‡K›`ª Ly‡j K‡jivi cÖ‡Kvc wbevi‡Yi †Póv K‡ib| 21 w`b G †mev †K‡›`ªi gva¨‡g 31 Rb †ivMxi wPwKrmv I ïkÖƒlv Kiv n‡qwQj|
emš— †ivMxi †mev t gvP© I GwcÖj gv‡m XvKv kn‡i emš— †iv‡Mi cÖv`yf©veKv‡j wgk‡bi †meKMY N‡i N‡i wM‡q 284 Rb emš— †ivMx‡K Jlac_¨vw` `vb K‡iwQ‡jb| Zvig‡a¨ 157 Rb wn›`y I 127 Rb Awn›`y| GQvov 915 Rb †jvK‡K em‡š—i cÖwZ‡laK Jla cÖ`vb Kiv n‡qwQj| G Kv‡Ri m¤ú~Y© LiP 107.50 UvKvi g‡a¨ 100.00 UvKv Òbeve m¨vi Avãyj Mwb wiwjd dvÊÓ †_‡K cvIqv wM‡qwQj|
jv½je›` mœvb Dcj‡¶ †mev t weMZ eQ‡ii b¨vq XvKv ivgK…ò wgkb jv½je›` Aógxmœvb †gjv Dcj‡¶ †mevKvh© K‡iwQj| bvivqYMÄ, †mvbviMuv cÖf„wZ ¯’v‡bi †meKM‡Yi mn‡hv‡M †gvU †meKmsL¨v 253Rb n‡qwQj| hvÎx‡`i me©cªKvi myweavi Rb¨ cÖ‡Z¨K Nv‡U mœv‡bi mye‡›`ve¯—, †gjv‡¶‡Î hvZvqv‡Zi mye¨e¯’v, †Pvi I `yó‡jvK †_‡K †gjv i¶v, AvnZ I †ivMvµvš—‡`i enb K‡i nvmcvZv‡j Avbqb, nvmcvZv‡j †ivMx‡`i ïkÖƒlv Ges c_åvš— I m½Py¨Z †jvK‡`i mÜvb|
msµvgK I mvaviY †iv‡Mi wPwKrmv‡_© wWw÷ª± †ev‡W©i A¯’vqx nvmcvZvj wgk‡bi nv‡Z b¨¯— Kiv n‡qwQj| wgk‡bi Wv³vi I †meKMY Dfq nvmcvZv‡j †ivMxi ïkÖƒlvw` K‡iwQ‡jb|
`ywf©¶ mvnvh¨ t RyjvB Ges AvM÷ gv‡m `vi“Y AbœK‡ói mgq A‡bK AfveMÖ¯— †jvK‡K (AwaKvskB QvÎ) cÖvq GKgvm Kvj wgk‡b Avnvi Ki‡Z †`qv n‡qwQj| A‡bK‡K A_© mvnvh¨ Kiv n‡qwQj| ivgK…ò wgk‡bi `ywf©¶ †K‡›`ªI wKQy A_© †cÖiY Kiv nq|
Rb¥vógx wgwQj Dcj‡¶ †mev t MZ 1915 mb †_‡K wgkb cÖwZ eQi Rb¥vógx wgwQj Dcj‡¶ kn‡i mvnvh¨ †K›`ª Ly‡j †mevKvh© KiZ|
SwUKv cxwoZ‡`i mvnvh¨ t
XvKv kni t XvKv wgDwbwmc¨vwjwUi 3bs Iqv‡W© S‡o †h mg¯— Amnvq †jv‡Ki M„n bó n‡qwQj Zv‡`i mvnvh¨v‡_© beve m¨vi Avãyj Mwb wiwjd dvÊ †_‡K 1,828 UvKv wgk‡bi n‡¯— Awc©Z nq| H UvKv Øviv 345 Rb †jvK‡K 31 UvKv †_‡K 10 UvKv ch©š— M„nwbg©vYv‡_© mvnvh¨ Kiv n‡qwQj| GB m`vkqZvi R‡b¨ wgkb D³ dv‡Êi †m‡µUvix I Uªv÷ g‡nv`qMY‡K Avš—wiK ab¨ev` Ávcb Ki‡Q|
15
†jvnR½ t XvKv †Rjvq g¨vwR‡÷ªU evnv`yi KZ©„K Abyi“× n‡q wgkb 30 †m‡Þ¤^i †jvnR‡½ SwUKv-RwbZ `yie¯’vi cÖwZKviv_© †meK †cÖiY K‡i| aŸsm I g„Zz¨i d‡j †jvnR‡½ †h wK fxlY `„k¨ n‡qwQj Zv eY©bvZxZ| cÖ_g †meK `j Kvh© K‡i K¬vš— n‡q covq Avi GK`j bZyb †meK Z_vq †cÖwiZ nq|
cÖKvkbv wefvM
XvKv ivgK…ò gV I wgkb †_‡K cÖKvwkZ cy¯—Kvejxi g‡a¨ 1923 m‡b †cÖgvb›` cÎvejx, g~j¨Ñ`k Avbv; MxZvejx (wewfbœ agx©q Mv‡bi msKjb), g~j¨ÑQÕAvbv; ¯^vgxRxi Kg©‡KŠkj, g~j¨ÑwZb Avbv; XvKv BwÄwbqvwis ¯‹z‡ji Aa¨vcK cÖdzjP›`ª e‡›`¨vcva¨vq cÖYxZ ¯’cwZ weÁvb, 1g fvM, g~j¨Ñ`yÕUvKv Ges m~Îai Kg©, g~j¨Ñ`yÕUvKv|
1972 †_‡K 2006 mb ch©š— XvKv ivgK…ò gV I ivgK…ò wgkb Gi Kvh©vejx
1971 m‡bi ¯^vaxbZv hy‡×i mgq XvKv g‡Vi mvay-mbœ¨vwmMY Z_v ¯^vgx KvwjKvZ¥vb›`, ¯^vgx `qvb›`, eªþPvix †`excÖmv` (¯^vgx m‡e©k¦ivb›`) gV †Q‡o fvi‡Z Mgb K‡ib| Icvi evsjvq me©nviv kiYv_©x‡`i †mevq wb‡qvwRZ ivgK…ò gV I ivgK…ò wgkb †ejyo gV| †`k ¯^vax‡bi ciciB fviZel© †_‡K mvayiv Lv`¨, e¯¿, JlacÎ BZ¨vw` wb‡q P‡j G‡jb evsjv‡`‡ki Amnvq gvby‡li †mevi Rb¨| ïi“ n‡jv Lv`¨, e¯¿, JlacÎ weZiY Ges me©nviv RbM‡Yi Rb¨ cybe©vmb-Gi KvR| GKv‡R †ejyo g‡Vi cÖavb Kg©KZ©v‡`i g‡a¨ ¯^vgx Afqvb›`, ¯^vgx wbZ¨¯^iƒcvb›`, ¯^vgx wP`vZ¥vb›`, ¯^vgx M¤¢xivb›`, ¯^vgx f~‡Zkvb›`, ¯^vgx †jv‡Kk¦ivb›` cÖgyL mbœ¨vmx‡`i mv‡_ G‡jb ¯^vgx A¶ivb›`| ¯^vgx A¶ivb‡›`i Dci Îv‡Yi KvR b¨¯— K‡i Ab¨vb¨ mvayMY †ejyo g‡V wd‡i hvb| †mevKvR †kl K‡i ¯^vgx A¶ivb›`I Ab¨‡`i gZ †KvjKvZvq wd‡i †M‡jb| D‡jL¨, ÎvY KvR XvKvq ïi“i wKQyw`b c~‡e© †ejyo gV †_‡K wd‡i Av‡mb XvKv g‡Vi Kgx© eªþPvix †`excÖmv` (¯^vgx m‡e©k¦ivb›`), ¯^vgx †hvM`vb›` (hZxb), ¯^vgx `qvb›` (`qvj) GKv‡R mn‡hvwMZvi Rb¨| ZvQvov AviI G‡jb †ejyo gV †_‡K cïcwZ gnvivR, m‡Z¨b gnvivR, mÄxeb gnvivR cÖgyL mvayMY|
1972 m‡b †ejyo KZ©„c¶ ¯^vgx A¶ivb›`‡K XvKv g‡Vi Aa¨¶ Ges wgk‡bi m¤úv`K K‡i cvVv‡jb| wZwb GeQiB cÖvq QÕgvm XvKvq †_‡K kvixwiK Amy¯’Zvi Kvi‡Y †ejyo g‡Vi b‡i›`ªcyi †K‡›`ª wd‡i hvb| AZtci ¯^vgx Dgvb›` G‡jb XvKv g‡Vi Aa¨¶ Ges wgk‡bi m¤úv`K c‡` AwawôZ n‡q| wZwb cÖvq `yÕeQi XvKvq †_‡K †ejyo g‡V wd‡i †M‡j gV KZ„©c¶ 1974 m‡b cybivq ¯^vgx A¶ivb›`‡K XvKvq †cÖiY K‡ib Abyiƒc `vwqZ¡fvi Ac©Y K‡i| GKB mv‡_ evsjv‡`‡k AviI †h 10wU †K›`ª ZviI AwffveK wZwb|
Gmgq XvKv g‡Vi Avw_©K ˆ`b¨ wQj LyeB, G g‡Vi f³ Ges ¸YMÖvnxI wQj bMY¨| GB ¸YMÖvnx I f³nxbZvi g‡a¨B ïi“ Ki‡jb behvÎv| ïi“ n‡jv ivgK…ò fvev‡›`vj‡bi bZzb K‡i m~ÎcvZ| ¯^vgx A¶ivb›` kni †_‡K kniZjx n‡q MÖv‡g MÖv‡g wM‡q wewfbœ Abyôvbvw` K‡i mvaviY gvby‡li g‡a¨ D`vi mve©Rbxb kªxivgK…ò fveaviv cÖPvi Ki‡Z ïi“ Ki‡jb| Gmgq XvKv g‡V Zuvi mnvqK wQ‡jb eªþPvix †`excÖmv` (¯^vgx m‡e©k¦ivb›`), eªþPvix A¤^v‰PZb¨ (¯^vgx AwL‡jkvb›`), ¯^vgx `qvb›` cÖgyL| evsjv‡`‡k GMviwUi g‡a¨ ZLb gvÎ wZbwU Avkªg mbœ¨vmx‡`i Øviv cwiPvwjZ n‡ZvÑw`bvRcyi, ev‡MinvU I XvKv|
16
Ab¨vb¨ 8wU †K›`ªÑewikvj, dwi`cyi, wm‡jU, nweMÄ, evwjqvUx, bvivqYMÄ, gqgbwmsn I †mvbviMuvI-Gi Ae¯’v wQj RxY©`kvMÖ¯—| G¸wj ¯’vbxq KwgwU Øviv †Kvb iK‡g cwiPvwjZ n‡Zv| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ ¯^vgx m¤^y×vb›` cÖwZwôZ †mvbviMuv AvkªgwU `y®K…wZKvixiv Av¸‡b cywo‡q w`‡j †mwU Avi i¶v Kiv hvqwb|
XvKv wgk‡b †m mgq Awd‡mi Kv‡R mvnvh¨ Ki‡Zb M„wnf³ kªxm~h©Kzgvi †PŠayix, †MŠZg cvj, kªxKvš— cvj, ivbœvN‡ii Kv‡R wQj gyivix‡gvnb †PŠayix I we`¨vj‡qi `vßwiK Kv‡R I ˆ`bw›`b evRv‡ii Rb¨ we‡bv` AvPvh©|
mËi †_‡K Avwki `k‡K GKSuvK bZzb gyL kªxkªxVvKzi G‡b w`‡jb Zuvi Kv‡Ri mnvqK wn‡m‡e| VvKzi ¯^vgxRxi Av`‡k© DØy× n‡q Gu‡`i µgvMZ AviI †hvM`v‡bi d‡j ¯^vgx A¶ivb›` ivgK…ò wgk‡bi Kv‡Ri cwiwa kZav we¯—vi K‡ib| evsjv‡`‡ki †hme Avkªg¸‡jv‡Z mbœ¨vmx wQj bv †m¸‡jv‡Z µgvš^‡qÑewikvj, gqgbwmsn, nweMÄ, wm‡jU, dwi`cyi, gvwbKMÄ (evwjqvUx), 2002 m‡b g‡Vi Aby‡gv`b cÖvß PÆMÖvgÑcici myweavgZ GK GKwU †K›`ª cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ mvay-mbœ¨vmx †cÖiY K‡ib| d‡j evsjv‡`‡k †ejyo g‡Vi Aby‡gv`bcÖvß meKwU AvkªgB GLb mvay-Kgx© Øviv cwiPvwjZ|
µgvMZ mvay‡`i †ewk †hvM`v‡bi d‡j Zv‡`i _vKvi RvqMvi Afve †`Lv †`q| ZvB 1916 m‡b ¯^vgx eªþvb›` cÖwZwôZ Avw` febwU Ges 1940 m‡b cÖwZwôZ cyevB‡ji Rwg`vi KZ©„K cÖwZwôZ wØZxq mvay febwU cvkvcvwk _vKvq Zv GKwÎZ K‡i †`vZjv fe‡b cwiYZ Kiv nq 1978-79 m‡b| `yÕfe‡bi ms‡hvM¯’‡j ÒgÈz ¯§„wZÓ Gi mv¶¨ enb Ki‡Q| 1990-91 m‡b Avw` febwU †f‡½ †mLv‡b bZzb K‡i wZbZjv feb wbg©vY Kiv nq| Gici
cyevB‡ji Rwg`vi KZ©„K cÖwZwôZ mvay febwUI †`vZjv †_‡K wZbZjvq iƒcvš—wiZ nq 1996 m‡b| `ywU feb cvkvcvwk GKwÎZ Kivi d‡j AvR Avgiv wZb Zjvwewkó my`„k¨ GKwU c~Y©v½ mvay feb †`L‡Z cvB|
†`k ¯^vaxb nIqvi c~‡e© XvKv g‡Vi m‡½ f³‡`i †hvMv‡hvM LyeB Kg wQj †m mgqKvi ivR‰bwZK Kvi‡Y| †`k ¯^vaxb nIqvi ci †hme M„wnf³ I AbyivMx XvKv g‡Vi mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM i¶v Ki‡ZbÑZuv‡`i g‡a¨ A‡b‡Ki K_vB g‡b Rv‡M|
nwic` `vm, G¨vW‡fv‡KU ex‡ib cv‡Ê, wePvicwZ iYaxi †mb, wePvicwZ †`‡ekP›`ª fÆvPvh©, nvivb †Mv¯^vgx, dv`vi cj M‡gR, Aa¨¶ †`Iqvb †gvnv¤§` AvRid, †fvjvbv_ kg©v, G¨vW‡fv‡KU i“¯—g Avjx, wkwki miKvi, Guiv AvR Avi †bB| kªxAwbj †gvoj, kªxAvi.Gb. `˸ß, Rbve Ave`yi iwng, kªxAwbjP›`ª bv_ GLbI wgk‡bi mv‡_ me©`v †hvMv‡hvM i¶v K‡i P‡j‡Qb|
eZ©gvb mvaywbevm-1996
17
¯^vgx A¶ivb›` 1974 m‡b wØZxqevi hLb XvKv ivgK…ò gV I ivgK…ò wgk‡bi KY©avi n‡q Av‡mb ZLb Zuvi mv‡_ mnKvix m¤úv`K wn‡m‡e G¨vW‡fv‡KU †K. Gg. iBm DÏxbI A‡bK w`b wQ‡jb| †m mgq †Kvb c~Y©v½ Kvh©wbe©vnK KwgwU wQj bv| 1985 m‡b c~Y©v½ KwgwUi ZvwjKv cÖYqb Kiv nq| mfvcwZ t wePvicwZ †`‡ekP›`ª fÆvPvh©, mn-mfvcwZ t wePvicwZ iYaxi †mb, m¤úv`K t ¯^vgx A¶ivb›`, mnKvix m¤úv`K t †K. Gg. iBm DÏxb| mf¨M‡Yi g‡a¨ ¯^vgx †hvM`vb›`, ¯^vgx m‡e©k¦ivb›`, ¯^vgx AwL‡jkvb›`, kªxAvi.Gb. `˸ß, kªxnwic` `vm I kªxmZ¨iÄb †mb¸ß cÖgyL e¨w³MY|
Gici mfvcwZ I m¤úv`K c` A‡bKw`b AcwiewZ©Z wQj| G mv‡_ mf¨MY huviv wQ‡jbѯ^vgx fvM©evb›`, ¯^vgx wkevZ¥vb›`, ¯^vgx kw³bv_vb›`, ¯^vgx P›`ªbv_vb›`, kªxAwbj †gvoj, unvivbP›`ª †Mv¯^vgx, w`jxc bvivqY wgÎ, cÖ‡KŠkjx †R¨vwZg©q fÆvPvh©, cÖ‡KŠkjx Rx‡Z›`ªbv_ m~Îai, G¨vW‡fv‡KU i“¯—g Avjx, uw¶wZkP›`ª †fŠwgK, ev`j ivq cÖgyL|
2005 †_‡K 2007 m‡bi eZ©gvb Kvh©wbe©vnK KwgwUi g‡a¨ huviv i‡q‡Qb Zuviv n‡jbÑmfvcwZ t wePvicwZ †MŠi‡Mvcvj mvnv, mn-mfvcwZ t kªxAvi.Gb.`˸ß, kªxA‡kvK `vk¸ß, m¤úv`K t ¯^vgx A¶ivb›`, mnKvix m¤úv`K t ¯^vgx w¯’ivZ¥vb›`, †Kvlva¨¶ t ¯^vgx ÁvbcÖKvkvb›`, mf¨MYѯ^vgx we‡k¦k¦ivb›`, Aa¨vcK wnib¥q †mb¸ß, Aa¨vcK c‡ikP›`ª gÊj, Aa¨vcK Avwgbyj Bmjvg, Wt †`ewcÖq fÆvPvh©, kªxmyej mvnv, kªxmZ¨iÄb †mb¸ß I kªxwgjbKvwš— `Ë|
1977 m‡b †ejyo gV †_‡K G‡jb ivgK…ò gV I ivgK…ò wgk‡bi fvBm-†cÖwm‡W›U c~R¨cv` f~‡Zkvb›`Rx gnvivR| †mB †_‡K wZwb 1987 mb ch©š— AvU evi G‡`‡ki GKcÖvš— †_‡K Ab¨cÖvš— ågY K‡i evsjv‡`‡k nvRvi nvRvi †jvK‡K kªxivgK…ò, kªxgv mvi`v‡`ex Ges ¯^vgx we‡eKvb‡›`i fveavivq D¾xweZ K‡i GK Af~Zc~e© ivgK…ò fvev‡›`vj‡bi †Rvqvi eB‡q †`b| ZLb GKv‡R mvnvh¨Kvix wn‡m‡e Zuvi mv‡_ †ejyo gV †_‡K G‡m‡Qbѯ^vgx wbZ¨gy³vb›`, ¯^vgx fye‡bk¦ivb›`, ¯^vgx me©f~Zvb›`, ¯^vgx Z™¢vevb›` cÖgyL mbœ¨vwmMY|
Gmv‡_ bZzb gvÎv hy³ n‡jv 1991 m‡b| XvKv g‡Vi Aa¨¶ c~Rbxq A¶ivb›`Rx gnvivR‡K `vwqZ¡ †`Iqv n‡jv G‡`‡ki f³‡`i g‡a¨ fMev‡bi bvg ïwb‡q Ava¨vwZ¥K c‡_i Av‡jv †`Lv‡bvi Rb¨| wZwb GZw`b f³‡`i RvMwZK, gvbwmK †mevi `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Zb| GLb †_‡K Ava¨vwZ¥K †meviI my‡hvM †c‡jb| evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ A‡ji MÖv‡g A‡bK `yM©g ¯’v‡b †hLv‡b ivgK…ò fveavivi Av‡jvKiwk¥ ZL‡bv †cuŠ‡Qwb Zuv‡`i wbKU fMevb kªxivgK…‡òi bvg ïbv‡bvi Rb¨ e¨vKzj ü`‡q Qy‡U P‡j‡Qb|
1994 m‡bi RvbyAvwi gv‡m ivgK…ò wgkb ewikvj-Gi gw›`i D‡Øva‡b Av‡mb †ejyo g‡Vi fvBm †cÖwm‡W›U c~R¨cv` ¯^vgx Mnbvb›`Rx gnvivR| GeQiB wZwb G‡`‡ki wewfbœ Avkªg¸wj cwi`k©‡bi Rb¨ cybivq evsjv‡`‡k Av‡mb| GQvov 1997 w`bvRcyi, 2001 ev‡MinvU Ges 2005 m‡b XvKv ivgK…ò gw›`i D‡Øvabmn †gvU cuvPevi evsjv‡`k cwiågY K‡i f³‡`i g‡b kªxivgK…ò fveaviv ewa©Z K‡ib| ZvQvov †ejyo g‡Vi Ab¨Zg fvBm †cÖwm‡W›U c~R¨cv` ¯^vgx AvZ¥¯’vb›`Rx gnvivR G fveaviv‡K AviI †ewk Zivwš^Z Kivi Rb¨ `yÕevi G‡`‡ki gvwU‡Z c`vc©Y K‡i‡Qb| wZwb nweMÄ 2002 Ges XvKvq 2005 m‡b gw›`i D‡Øvab Dcj‡¶ Av‡mb| Zuv‡`i mv‡_ mnvqK wn‡m‡e G‡mwQ‡jb wewfbœ mgq ¯^vgx gyw³Kvgvb›`, ¯^vgx AvZ¥wbôvb›`, ¯^vgx wegjvZ¥vb›`, ¯^vgx †e¨vgvZ¥vb›`, ¯^vgx `y‡M©kvb›`, ¯^vgx mykvš—vb›`, ¯^vgx Ávb`xcvb›`, eªþPvix †MŠZg (¯^vgx †hvMwm×vb›`) cÖgyL|
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XvKv g‡Vi Avgš¿‡Y 2000 m‡b G‡jb †ejyo g‡Vi ·qv`k †cÖwm‡W›U c~R¨cv` i½bv_vb›`Rx gnvivR| wZwb c¶Kvje¨vcx XvKv g‡V †_‡K RvwZ-ag©-eY© wbwe©‡k‡l fMev‡bi bvg ïbv‡jb| Zuvi mv‡_ G‡jb ¯^vgx AmxgvZ¥vb›`, eªþPvix gyijx (¯^vgx mZ¨cÖfvb›`), eªþPvix AbyivM (¯^vgx mZ¨¯^iƒcvb›`)| Gmgq c~Rbxq gnvivR bvivqYMÄ ivgK…ò wgk‡b wM‡q †`I‡fvM MÖv‡g kªxivgK…ò-M„wnf³ mvay bvMgnvkq-Gi evwo †`L‡Z hvb| Zuv‡K m¤^a©bv †`Iqv nq †mLv‡b mvay bvMgnvk‡qi Avkªg KwgwUi c¶ †_‡K| Gmgq GKw`b mܨvq XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi RMbœv_ n‡ji A‡±vei-¯§„wZ fe‡bi nj N‡i QvÎ-wk¶K wgwjZfv‡e c~R¨cv` gnvivR‡K m¤^a©bv Rvbvb| †mw`b iv‡ZB Xv‡Kk¦ix gw›`‡iI Abyiƒc m¤^a©bvi e¨e¯’v Kiv n‡qwQj Xv‡Kk¦ix c~Rv D`&hvcb KwgwUi c¶ †_‡K| c~Rbxq gnviv‡Ri gy‡L a‡g©i ˆeÁvwbK e¨vL¨vq f³MY mK‡j Avb›`jvf K‡ib| D‡jL¨ Gmgq XvKv ivgK…ò wgk‡b `yÕw`b e„nr Abyôv‡bi e¨e¯’v n‡qwQj| GKw`b n‡qwQj gV cÖv½‡Y mvwgqvbv Uvw½‡q Avcvgi f³-AbyivMxi Rb¨| Gw`b mfvq evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii Z_¨ cÖwZgš¿x Aa¨vcK Avey mvB` Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb| c‡ii w`b mܨvq e‡iY¨ e¨w³M‡Yi †mŠR‡b¨ GKwU Abyôv‡bi e¨e¯’v Kiv nq ms¯‹…wZ fe‡bi bxP Zjvq| G Dcj‡¶ Zuv‡`i m¤§v‡b GLv‡b GKwU Pv-P‡µi Av‡qvRb wQj| ZLbKvi miKv‡ii ciivóªgš¿x Rbve Ave`ym mvgv` AvRv`, RvZxq Aa¨vcK Kexi †PŠayix, Aa¨vcK wnib¥q †mb¸ß, Aa¨vcK `yM©v`vm fÆvPvh©, Aa¨vcK c‡ikP›`ª gÊj, G¨vW‡fv‡KU ïavsï †kLi nvj`vi, Aa¨vcK ˆmq` Av‡bvqvi †nv‡mb, Wt Avwgbyj Bmjvg, Wt KvRx byi“j Bmjvg, Aa¨vcK Wt kIKZ Aviv †nv‡mb, Wt gvi“dx Lvb cÖgyL e¨w³MY Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb| Gw`b AviI wQ‡jb f¨vwUKvb `~Zvev‡mi gvbbxq ivóª`~Z wgt G¨Wvgm&|
ZvQvov, wewfbœ mg‡q ag©xq fveaviv‡K mgybœZ ivLvi Rb¨ G‡m‡Qb †ejyo g‡Vi mvaviY m¤úv`K ¯^vgx ¯§iYvb›`, mn-mvaviY m¤úv`K ¯^vgx cÖfvb›`, ¯^vgx wkegqvb›`, ¯^vgx kªxKivb›`, ¯^vgx mywnZvb›`, ¯^vgx fRbvb›`, AwQ cwil‡`i m`m¨ ¯^vgx cÖ‡gqvb›`, ¯^vgx gygy¶vb›`, ¯^vgx †MŠZgvb›`, ¯^vgx ZË¡‡evavb›`, ¯^vgx evMxkvb›` cÖgyL cÖexY mbœ¨vwmMY|
cÖPvi wefvM
Ava¨vwZ¥K Kg©KvÊ t mKj ag© I e‡Y©i gvby‡li Rb¨ Db¥y³ G cÖwZôvb| GLv‡b ag©, `k©b I wk¶vg~jK wewfbœ wel‡qi Dci wbqwgZ Av‡jvPbv n‡q _v‡K| GQvov kªxivgK…ò, kªxmvi`v‡`ex, ¯^vgx we‡eKvb›` Ges wewfbœ m¤cÖ`v‡qi ag©¸i“ I gnvgvbe‡`i Rxeb I evYx Av‡jvwPZ nq eQ‡ii wewfbœ mg‡q| bex w`em, wLª÷gvm-Cf&, †eŠ× c~wY©gv, ivg begxÑGme Abyôv‡bI Av‡jvPbvq AskMÖnY K‡ib ag©-eY© wbwe©‡k‡l mKj m¤cÖ`v‡qi we`» Av‡jvPKe„›`| eQ‡ii wewfbœ mg‡q Z_¨ I ZË¡g~jK Av‡jvPbv mfvi Av‡qvRb Kiv nq| Gme Abyôv‡b mvay-eªþPvix, f³ Ges wewfbœ m¤cÖ`v‡qi AbyivwMMY AskMÖnY K‡i _v‡Kb| ivgK…ò gV kªxivgK…ò-fvev`‡k© Aa¨vZ¥-mvabvi †K›`ªwe›`y| GLv‡b cÖwZw`b c~Rv, cÖv_©bv, Ava¨vwZ¥K Abykxjb I ag©MÖš’vw` cvV nq| ZvQvov kªxivgK…ò cvl©`‡`iI Rb¥wZw_‡Z Av‡jvPbv mfvi e¨e¯’v _v‡K| cÖwZeQi kªxivgK…ò, kªxmvi`v †`ex I ¯^vgx we‡eKvb‡›`i Rb¥wZw_ Drme D`&hvwcZ nq| cÖwZ eQi M‡o cÖvq 68wU ag©xq K¬vk nq| Gi g‡a¨ gnvgvbe‡`i Rxeb `k©b m¤^‡Ü 20wUi gZ K¬vk nq| G K¬v‡k cÖwZw`b AmsL¨ †kªvZvi Dcw¯’wZ N‡U| GQvov XvKv g‡V `yM©vc~Rv, j²xc~Rv, Kvjxc~Rv, mi¯^Zx c~Rv BZ¨vw` AbywôZ n‡q _v‡K| ZvQvov, ¯^vgx we‡eKvb›`, kªxgvmvi`v †`ex, kªxivgK…ò †`‡ei R‡b¥vrme Dcj‡¶ 4-5 w`b e¨vcx ag©xq Drme Pj‡Z _v‡K| G e„nr Drm‡e cÖwZw`b nvRvi nvRvi †kªvZv Dcw¯’Z nb| kªxivgK…ò R‡b¥vrme Dcj‡¶ †hw`b g‡nvrme †mw`b M‡o cÖvq †lvj nvRvi f³ gV cÖv½‡Y e‡m wLPzwo, ZiKvwi, PvUwb cÖmv` cvb|
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1986 mb †_‡K XvKvi gxicyi GwMÖKvjPvij IqvK©mc GÛ †Uªwbs ¯‹zj (MAWTS)ÑG ÒmbvZb ag© ms‡NiÓ QvÎ I wk¶K‡`i D‡`¨v‡M gv‡m GKwU K‡i eQ‡i M‡o ev‡ivwU agx©q cÖ‡kœvËi K¬v‡mi e¨e¯’v i‡q‡Q| XvKv g‡Vi mvay-eªþPvix †mLv‡b agx©q K¬vk wb‡q _v‡Kb| GLv‡bi wk¶K-QvÎiv ivgK…ò wgk‡bi Drme¸‡jv‡Z †¯^”Qv‡me‡Ki KvR K‡i _v‡K| cweÎ igRvb gv‡m nvmcvZvj¸‡jv‡Z i‡³i Afve †`Lv hvq| ZLb G Afve †gvP‡b Giv me©`v GwM‡q Av‡mb ivgK…ò wgk‡bi †mevKvR i³`vb Kg©m~Px‡ZI|
¯^vgx we‡eKvb‡›`i wkKv‡Mv ag©gnvmfvq AskMÖn‡Yi kZel© c~wZ© Drme t ¯^vgx we‡eKvb‡›`i wkKv‡Mv ag© gnvmfvq †hvM`vb I fvl‡Yi kZel©c~wZ© ¯§i‡Y XvKv ivgK…ò gV I ivgK…ò wgk‡bi D‡`¨v‡M 11 †m‡Þ¤^i, 1993 evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq cÎ-cwÎKvq we`» †jLK‡`i †jLv m¤^wjZ †µvocÎ cÖKvwkZ nq| 6 †deª“Avwi †_‡K 11 †deª“Avwi 1994, 6 w`b e¨vcx wewfbœ Kg©m~Pxi ga¨ w`‡q Drme D`&hvwcZ nq| Drme AvbyôvwbKfv‡e D‡Øvab K‡ib Abyôv‡bi cÖavb AwZw_ MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii gvbbxq ciivóª gš¿x Rbve G Gm Gg †gv¯—vwdRyi ingvb| Abyôv‡bi †kl w`b 11 †deª“Avwi ïµevi mKvj 9Uvq GK eY©vX¨ †kvfvhvÎv ivRavbxi cÖavb cÖavb ivRc_ cwiµgv K‡i|
kªxgv mvi`v‡`exi 150Zg (mva©kZevwl©K) R‡b¥vrme t kªxgv mvi`v‡`exi 150Zg (mva©kZevwl©K) R‡b¥vrme Ges kªxivgK…ò‡`‡ei 169Zg Rb¥wZw_ I evwl©K Drme Dcj‡¶ XvKv ivgK…ò gV I ivgK…ò wgk‡b 22 †_‡K 27 †deª“Avwi 2004 ch©š— 6 w`b e¨vcx D`&hvwcZ nq|
we‡eKvb›` wk¶v I ms¯‹…wZ cwil` t 1989 m‡b wek¦we`¨vj‡q cvViZ wKQy hyeK XvKv g‡Vi Aa¨¶ ¯^vgx A¶ivb‡›`i mvwbœ‡a¨ G‡m we‡eKvb‡›`i gvbe‡mev, wk¶v Ges ms¯‹…wZ Av`‡k© DØy× n‡q Òwe‡eKvb›` wk¶v I ms¯‹…wZ cwil`Ó MVb K‡i| hyeK‡`i Ab¨Zg kªxivgP›`ª mvnv cÖwZôvZv m¤úv`K iƒ‡c mK‡ji mn‡hvwMZvq †ek K‡qKeQi KvR K‡i cwil`‡K we‡kl gh©v`vq DbœxZ Ki‡Z m¶g nq| cÖwZôvj‡Mœi ci †_‡K ÎvY Kvh© Ges AÜ, `wi`ª I wkï‡`i cÖ‡qvR‡b †mevKvR K‡i hv‡”Q G cwil‡`i hyeKe„›`| G‡`i D‡`¨v‡M XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi RMbœv_ n‡j Ò¯^vgx we‡eKvb‡›`iÓ fv¯‹h© cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q| n‡ji Dcvmbvj‡q mvßvwnK cÖv_©bv I ag©MÖš’ cvV nq| ¯^vgx we‡eKvb‡›`i R‡b¥vrme e¨ZxZ iex›`ª-bRi“j Rqš—x, eow`b, ey× c~wY©gv I Rb¥vógx D`&hvwcZ nq| Abyôvbvw`‡Z wewfbœ m¤cÖ`v‡qi e³vMY fvlY `vb K‡ib GQvov ivgK…ò gV I ivgK…ò wgk‡bi mbœ¨vwme„›` Ges Ab¨vb¨ we`» e³v I Aa¨vcKgÊjx AskMÖnY K‡ib Gme Abyôv‡b| we‡eKvb›` wk¶v I ms¯‹…wZ cwil`-Gi GKwU †K›`ªxq KwgwU i‡q‡Q| m¤úv`K kªxAwLjKzgvi †fŠwgK| Gi †K›`ªxq Kvh©vjq ivgK…ò gV I ivgK…ò wgkb, XvKv| eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k we‡eKvb›` wk¶v I ms¯‹…wZ cwil‡`i 16wU kvLv †K›`ª i‡q‡Q| ZvQvov Bsj¨v‡Ê I Av‡gwiKvqI Gi `yÕwU kvLv Av‡Q|
2000 mb †_‡K XvKvi bvwRiv evRvi GjvKvq wgib wRjv nwiRb cjx (myBcvi K‡jvbx) †hLv‡b wZb nvRvi †jv‡Ki emevm †mLv‡b mßv‡n GKw`b K‡i eQ‡i †gvU 48wU K_vg„Z K¬vk n‡q _v‡K| 2006 mb †_‡K XvKvi ajcyi myBcvi K‡jvbx‡Z Abyiƒc agx©q K¬vk ïi“ nq| g‡Vi mvay-eªþPvwiMY †mLv‡b wM‡q wbqwgZ K¬vk †bb| XvKv kn‡ii 10-12wU myBcvi K‡jvbxi `wi`ª QvÎ-QvÎx‡`i Rb¨ cÖvq †`okZ e„wËi e¨e¯’v Kiv n‡q‡Q XvKv g‡Vi Aa¨‡¶i ZË¡veav‡b| Gme `wi`ª QvÎMY hv‡Z wk¶vi Av‡jv jvf K‡i wb‡R‡`i cv‡q `uvov‡Z cv‡i G D‡Ï‡k¨|
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bewbwg©Z kªxivgK…ò gw›`i t XvKv ivgK…ò wgk‡bi cy‡iv‡bv gw›`i A‡bK w`‡bi RxY©`kvMÖ¯—| gw›`‡i f³‡`i emvi RvqMvI Kg wQj| ZvB †mwU †f‡½ GKwU e„nr gw›`‡ii we‡kl cÖ‡qvRb n‡q c‡o| Aš—Z 600 f³ GKm‡½ e‡m fMev‡bi fv‡e fvweZ n‡Z cv‡i ZviB wbwg‡Ë eZ©gvb bZzb gw›`i wbg©vY nq| ivgK…ò gV †ejyo-Gi Øv`k msNva¨¶ c~R¨cv` kªxgr ¯^vgx f~‡Zkvb›` gnvivR 1987 m‡b †klevi hLb XvKvq Av‡mb ZLbB XvKv g‡Vi Aa¨‡¶i m‡½ G e¨vcv‡i Av‡jvPbv nq| ZviB djkÖ“wZ‡Z 1997 m‡b bZzb gw›`‡ii cwiKíbv Kiv nq| †meQiB wW‡m¤^i gv‡m wfwËcÖ¯—i ¯’vcb K‡ib †ejyo g‡Vi mnva¨¶ c~R¨cv` kªxgr ¯^vgx Mnbvb›`Rx gnvivR| gw›`‡ii wbg©vY KvR ïi“ nq 2000 m‡b| gw›`iwU ˆZwi n‡Z 2005 m‡bi RvbyAvwi ch©š— †j‡M hvq| fMevb kªxivgK…ò‡`‡ei
me©ag© mgš^‡qi cÖZxK¯^iƒc G gw›`i| me a‡g©i †jv‡KivB GLv‡b Ck¦‡ii fvebvi my‡hvM cvb| gw›`‡ii we‡kl ˆewkó¨ n‡jv lofyRvK…wZ| †ew`‡Z fMevb kªxivgK…‡òi gg©i kªxg~wZ©| f³iv wZbw`K †_‡KB `k©‡bi my‡hvM cvq| cÖvP¨-cvðvZ¨, cyi‡bv-AvaywbK hy‡Mi ¯’vcZ¨ wk‡í wgwkªZ G gw›`‡ii bqbvwfivg `„k¨ `k©K‡`i gb Ryovq| gw›`‡ii †g‡Si cv_‡ii KvRI j¶Yxq| fvi‡Zi ivR¯’v‡bi D`qcy‡ii we‡kl cv_i G gw›`‡i e¨envi Kiv nq| loM¤^y‡Ri P~ov‡Z ¸i“Z¡c~Y© QÕwU a‡g©i cÖZxK †`Lv hvq| fMevb kªxivgK…ò‡`‡ei me©a‡g©i mgš^q fve‡K cÖKvwkZ K‡i wewfbœ a‡g©i †jvK‡`i †hb GKB m~‡Î åvZ…‡Z¡i e܇b Ave× K‡i‡Q G gw›`iLvwb| evsjv‡`‡ki L¨vZbvgv cÖ‡KŠkjx I iƒcKvi kªx‡R¨vwZg©q fÆvPvh© G gw›`i wbg©vY Kv‡h© me©cÖKvi Kjv-†KŠkj cÖ`k©b K‡i‡Qb| G e„nr
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bZzb gw›`i D‡Øvab Dcj‡¶ 2005 m‡b c~‡e©i ivbœvNiwUi †cQ‡b bZzb gw›`‡ii Wvbw`K msjMœ Av‡iKwU wZbZjv AÆvwjKv wbwg©Z nq| ivbœvNi I mvay wbevm GKB fe‡b| ivbœvNi bxP ZjvqÑGmv‡_
bZzb gw›`i, XvKv, 2005 mb
ivbœvNi I Lvevi Ni (1g I 2q Zjv), mvay wbevm (3q Zjv)-2005
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LvIqvi N‡i GKB mv‡_ wZbkZ f³ cÖmv` †c‡Z cv‡i| Abyiƒc †`vZjvi nj N‡i AviI wZbkZ f³ e‡m cÖmv` cvb| GKZjvq Ges †`vZjvq GKB mg‡q QÕkZ f³ cÖmv` †c‡q _v‡K wewfbœ Drme Dcj‡¶| Z…Zxq Zjvq i‡q‡Q mvay‡`i _vKvi e¨e¯’v| GLv‡b `yÕwU mvwi‡Z 8wU K‡¶ cÖvq 16 Rb mvay _vK‡Z cv‡ib|
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we`¨vjq t 1914 m‡b Iqvix I †gŠïwʇZ †h fvov evwo‡Z we`¨vjq wQj Zv G f~wg‡Z Av‡m 1916 m‡b| †hLv‡b eZ©gv‡b QvÎvevm i‡q‡Q| DËi-`w¶YgyLx j¤^v Uvwji PvjvM„‡n GwU ïi“ nq| c‡i we`¨vjq eZ©gvb ¯’v‡b ¯’vbvš—i Kiv nq GKZjv feb wbg©vY K‡i| we`¨vj‡q Qv·`i ¯’vb m¼zjvb bv nIqvq 1985-86 m‡b GwU wØZj
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we`¨vj‡qi evwl©K Abyôvb Dcj‡¶ QvÎ, AwffveK I mgvMZ `k©K‡`i mgv‡ek LyeB AvKl©Yxq| we`¨vjqwU‡K D”P we`¨vj‡q DbœxZ Kivi cwiKíbv A‡bKw`‡bi| A_© I my‡hv‡Mi Afv‡e G KvR iƒcvš—wiZ Kiv m¤¢e nqwb| G e¨vcv‡i RbmvaviY, miKvix I †emiKvix mvnvh¨ GKvš— Kvg¨| (2008 mv‡j we`¨vjqwU c~Y© gva¨wgK we`¨vjq wn‡m‡e miKvix Aby‡gv`b jvf K‡i Ges 2010 mv‡ji gva¨wgK cix¶vq 1g e¨vP cwi¶v_©xiv AskMÖnY K‡i|)
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we`¨vw_©feb t ivgK…ò wgkb XvKvi Avw`j‡Mœ Qv·`i ivLvi e‡›`ve¯— wQj bv| cÂv‡ki `k‡K wKQy wKQy QvÎ _vK‡Z ïi“ nq eZ©gvb M¨v‡iR †hLv‡b i‡q‡Q †mLv‡bi GKwU j¤^v Uvwji Pvjvi N‡i| lv‡Ui `k‡K wØZj AÆvwjKvq eZ©gvb we‡eKvb›` we`¨vw_©febwU wbg©vY nq| GLv‡b 62 Rb QvÎ _vK‡Z cv‡i| Gici 2004-Gi w`‡K Qv·`i _vKvi Afve c~i‡Y nvmcvZvjmsjMœ †`vZvjvq Av‡iKwU bZzb QvÎvev‡mi e¨e¯’v Kiv nq| GLv‡b 32Rb QvÎ _vK‡Z cv‡i| `ywU fe‡b eZ©gv‡b †gvU 84 Rb D”P gva¨wgK cvViZ QvÎ i‡q‡Q| Giv GK kvš— I cweÎ cwi‡e‡k †jLvcovi my‡hvM jvf K‡i †`n-gb-cÖv‡Yi DrKl© mva‡bi my‡hvM cvq| wewfbœ mg‡q ag©xq I †mevg~jK Kv‡R GLvbKvi QvÎiv AskMÖnY K‡i _v‡K| XvKvi evB‡ii †_‡K AvMZ hviv bUi‡Wg K‡j‡R D”P gva¨wg‡K fwZ©i my‡hvM cvq ZvivB GLv‡b _vKvi my‡hvM we‡eKvb›` we`¨vw_©feb
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wbqgKvby‡bi A‡bK wKQyi mvgÄm¨ i‡q‡Q| Qv·`iI A‡bK myweav nq GLv‡b †_‡K K‡j‡R hvZvqvZ Kivi| cÖwZeQiB `wi`ª I †gavex K‡qKRb Qv·K webv Li‡P ev AvswkK Li‡P GLv‡b †_‡K covïbvi my‡hvM †`qv nq| QvÎiv G cwi‡e‡k †_‡K covïbv K‡i cÖwZeQiB Lye fvj djvdj K‡i| MZ 2005 m‡b cix¶v_©x wQj 33 Rb| G‡`i g‡a¨ ÔG+Õ †c‡q DËxY© n‡q‡Q 21 Rb QvÎ, ÔGÕ †c‡q‡Q 6 Rb QvÎ, ÔGÑÕ †c‡q‡Q 6 Rb QvÎ| GLv‡bi QvÎiv cÖwZeQi †h †iRvë K‡i ZviB GKwU bgybv GwU| G we`¨v_x© fe‡bi QvÎMY cvk K‡i
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mvs¯‹…wZK Kg©m~wP t cÖwZeQi wbqwgZfv‡e wk¶v I ms¯‹…wZ welqK Av‡jvPbv AbywôZ n‡q _v‡K ms¯‹…wZ fe‡bi nj N‡i| Gme Av‡jvPbv Avevi KL‡bv
cÖwZôv‡bi evB‡iI wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b nq| wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aa¨vcK, eyw×Rxex, Kwe, mvwnwZ¨K, †`k-we‡`‡ki gš¿x, cÖwZgš¿x, wewfbœ †`‡ki ivóª`~Zmn L¨vwZgvb e³vMY G mKj Av‡jvPbv P‡µ AskMÖnY K‡ib| wewfbœ mg‡q agx©q gbxlx‡`i Rb¥evwl©Kx Dcj‡¶ Av‡jvPbv mfv AbywôZ nq| †`‡ki e‡iY¨ wkíxivI Gme Abyôv‡b Mvb †M‡q Abyôvb‡K cÖvYeš— K‡i †Zv‡jb| GQvov ivgK…ò wgk‡bi mbœ¨vwm I eªþPvwiMY wewfbœ cÖwZôvb Av‡qvwRZ ag©xq I wk¶vwelqK Av‡jvPbv P‡µ AskMÖnY K‡i _v‡Kb eQ‡ii wewfbœ mgq|
MÖš’vMvi I cvVvMvi t 1973 m‡bi 3 †deª“Avwi eZ©gvb MÖš’vMviwUi wfwËcÖ¯—i ¯’vcb K‡ib evsjv‡`‡ki ZrKvjxb †cÖwm‡W›U gvbbxq cÖavb wePvicwZ Avey mv`vZ †gvnv¤§` mv‡qg| 1977 m‡b GB wØZj AÆvwjKvwUi Øv‡ivrNvUb K‡ib ivgK…ò gV I ivgK…ò wgk‡bi †Rbv‡ij †m‡µUvix kªxgr ¯^vgx M¤¢xivb›` gnvivR| GB wØZj AÆvwjKvwU Òms¯‹…wZ febÓ bv‡g cwiwPZ| Gici Awdm feb †_‡K ms¯‹…wZ fe‡bi
bxPZjvq MÖš’vMvi I Dci Zjvq njNi, 1973 mb
MÖš’vMvi I cvVvMvi-bxPZjv
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Kw¤úDUvi cÖwk¶Y †K›`ª, 2006
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cÖwZ eQi cweÎ igRvb gv‡m nvmcvZvj¸‡jv‡Z i‡³i Afve cwijw¶Z nq| ZvB XvKv ivgK…ò wgk‡b Gmgq `y¯’ †ivMx‡`i Rxebi¶v‡_© i³`vb Kg©m~wPi Av‡qvRb Kiv nq| ZvQvov `yM©vc~Rv Dcj‡¶I `yÕw`b i³`v‡bi e¨e¯’v Kiv nq| G‡Z ivgK…ò wgk‡bi mvay-eªþPvix, QvÎ, f³ I AbyivMx †¯^”Qvq i³`vb K‡i
_v‡Kb| evsjv‡`k †iWwµ‡m›U †mvmvBwU, mÜvbx, †Kvqv›Uvg dvD‡Ûkb Gme Kv‡R mn‡hvwMZv K‡i _v‡K|
ÎvY I cybe©vmb t ÎvY I cybe©vm‡bi KvR cÖvq mviv eQi a‡i P‡j Aí-we¯—i| U‡b©‡Wv, eb¨v I R‡jv”Q¡vm-Gi gZ cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡M Kvh©µ‡gi e¨vcKZv e„w× cvq| ivgK…ò wgkb 1971 m‡b ¯^vaxbZv-DËiKv‡j j¶ j¶ `y¯’ gvby‡li g‡a¨ ÎvYmvgMªx, Lv`¨, e¯¿ Ges M„nwbg©vYmvgMÖxmn cÖ‡qvRbxq `ªe¨vw`
weZiY K‡i‡Q Ges GLbI cÖ‡qvR‡b GKvR K‡i _v‡K| Gme ÎvYKv‡Ri Avw_©K mn‡hvwMZv wQj m¨vc, AvB.G.Avi.Gd, PvP© Ad evsjv‡`k-Gi g‡Zv cÖwZôv‡bi| ZvQvov wewfbœ mg‡q e„‡Ub, fviZ, KvbvWv †_‡KI cÖf~Z mvnvh¨ G‡m‡Q G‡`‡ki Av‡Z©i †mevq|
1986 m‡b mgy`ªm¼zj DwoiP‡ii fqven R‡jv”Q¡v‡mi K_v mK‡jiB g‡b Av‡Q| 2 j¶ †jv‡Ki cÖvYnvwb N‡U Gmgq| †dbx †Rjvi †mvbvMvRx Dc‡Rjvi mgy`ª DcK‚‡j 12 w`b a‡i ÎvYKvR cwiPvwjZ nq| 1988 m‡bi fqven eb¨vq 1,78,100 Rb `y¯’ gvby‡li g‡a¨ Lv`¨, e¯¿ I Ab¨vb¨ ÎvYmvgMÖx weZiY Kiv nq| 1989 m‡bi mvUzwiqv N~wY©S‡o Pvi gvBj aŸsmh‡Á ivgK…ò wgkb ÎvY I cybe©vm‡b AskMÖnY K‡i| N~wY©S‡o cÖvq 11,000 ¶wZMÖ¯— gvby‡li g‡a¨ ÎvYmvgMÖx weZiY I 424wU M„nnxb cwiev‡ii Rb¨ M„nwbg©vY Kiv nq 46,91,000 UvKv e¨‡q|
1991 m‡b PÆMÖvg-K·evRvi A‡j fqven N~wY©So I R‡jv”Q¡v‡m ¶wZMÖ¯— `y¯’ gvby‡li g‡a¨ ÎvY I cybe©vmb Kv‡R ivgK…ò wgkb e¨vcKfv‡e AskMÖnY K‡i‡Q| cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q ÎvYmvgMªx weZiY Kiv nq 37,788 R‡bi g‡a¨ Ges wbwg©Z 986wU M„n n¯—vš—wiZ n‡q‡Q M„nnviv‡`i cybe©vm‡bi R‡b¨| Gme ÎvYmvgMÖx weZi‡Yi Rb¨ cÖvq 13 j¶ UvKv Ges M„nwbg©vY I Rj mieivn wb‡q cÖvq GK †KvwU UvKvi gZ e¨q n‡q‡Q| GQvov 85,000wUi gZ bvbviK‡gi e¯¿ (K¤^j, kvwo, jyw½ I Ab¨vb¨ e¯¿) weZiY Kiv nq `y¯’‡`i g‡a¨| DcwiD³ ÎvY I cybe©vmb Kv‡R `yÕ‡KvwU UvKvi Dci e¨q n‡q‡Q| mü`q `vZv-e¨w³ I `vZv-ms¯’vi `vb wn‡m‡e G A_© msM„nxZ n‡q‡Q| wKQyw`b c~‡e© †fvjv †RjvqI 1,150wU ¶wZMÖ¯— cwiev‡ii g‡a¨ ÎvYmvgMÖx weZiY Kiv n‡q‡Q|
1997 m‡b PÆMÖvg †Rjvi euvkLvjx, Av‡bvqviv, mvZKvwbqv, P‡Kvwiqv, g‡nkLvjx A‡j 300wU M„n wbg©vY K‡i †`qv nq|
ivgK…ò wgkb wPwKrmv †mev‡K›`ª, 1916
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1998 m‡bi eb¨vq ivRavbx XvKvmn †`‡ki wewfbœ A‡j evwoNi R‡j Wy‡e hvq| bvivqYMÄ, †Wgiv, gvwbKMÄ Gme GjvKvq ivgK…ò wgkb nvRvi nvRvi eb¨vZ©‡`i g‡a¨ †mev KvR K‡i| 2002 m‡b h‡kv‡i euva fv½v R‡j eb¨vq MÖv‡gi ci MÖvg cvweZ n‡q cÖPzi ¶wZMÖ¯— nq| h‡kvi †mevkªg‡K †K›`ª K‡i wSKiMvQv, †PŠMvQv, kvmbMvQv, mvZ¶xivi Avkvïwb, AvMi`vox, †ebv‡cvj mxgvš— A‡j XvKv wgkb †_‡K nvRvi nvRvi †jv‡Ki †mev K‡i|
2004 m‡bi eb¨vq XvKv, gvwbKMÄ, bvivqYMÄ, Puv`cyi, Kzwgjv, gv`vixcyi, dwi`cyi Ges ewikvj †Rjvq 15,107 †KwR Pvj, 1,755 †KwR Wvj, 4,510 †KwR wPov, 905 †KwR wPwb, 1,252 c¨v‡KU g¨vP, 1,207wU †gvgevwZ, 1,609 c¨v‡KU wkï‡`i Rb¨ Rym, 100wU kvwo, 400wU Rj cwiï× U¨ve‡jU, 690wU `y» c¨v‡KU, †gvU 4,747wU cwiev‡i AvbygvwbK 24,110 Rb `y‡¯’i g‡a¨ weZiY Kiv nq| 2005 m‡b kxZvZ©‡`i g‡a¨ 1,500wU K¤^j weZiY Kiv nq| hvi g~j¨ wZb j¶ lvU nvRvi UvKv| ZvQvov 2006 m‡b h‡kv‡ii Rjve× GjvKvi gwYivgcyi, †Kkecyi, AfqbMi, my›`jx, gwlqvnvwU wewfbœ A‡j Pvj, Wvj, Avjy Ges 1200wU Pv`i weZiY Kiv nq|
cÖKvkbv wefvM t ¯^vaxbZvi c~‡e© cÖKvkbvi cy¯—Kvw` weµq Rb¨ Avjv`v †Kvb Ni wQj bv| mËi-Gi `k‡K Awdm K‡¶ cy¯—vKvw` weµq n‡Zv| c‡i beŸB-Gi `k‡K Gi LyeB Afve †eva nIqvq eZ©gvb cy¯—K weµq †K›`ªwU wbg © vY nq| GLv‡b i vgK …òÑmvi` vÑ we ‡eKvb ›` mvwnZ¨ cy¯—K, †e`-†e`vš— cÖf„wZ agx©q MÖš’ mn‡RB cvIqv hvq| ag© I ag©Rxeb, Ze K_vg„Zg, kªxivgK…ò Rxebx, kªxkªxgv mvi`v, G‡mv gvbyl nI, we‡eKvb›` PwiZ, ¯^vgx we‡eKvb‡›`i evYx I iPbv msKjb, kªxg™¢MeZ MxZv, ¯—e msKjb, cigv_© cÖm½, AviwZ ¯—e I kªxivgbvg msKxZ©b, Rv‡Mv hyekw³, cÖ‡kœvˇi wn›`y ag©, kªxivgK…ò fvebv, Ag„Z kZK, Ag„Z K_v, wkKv‡Mv e³…Zv, mij ivR‡hvM, kªxkªxivgK…ò K_vg„Z cÖm½, 1g LÊ, 2q LÊ, Message of Sri
Ramakrishna, Message of Holy Mother, Message of Swami Vivekananda, Chicago Addresses, kªxkªxivgK…ò K_vg„Z BZ¨vw`| XvKv ivgK…ò gV †_‡K wewfbœ Drme Dcj‡¶ we‡kl ¯§iwYKv ÔDÏxcbÕ e¨ZxZ †gvU 29Lvbv MÖš’ cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`‡k kªxivgK…ò I Zuvi cvl©`e„›`, evsjv‡`‡k kªxgv mvi`v‡`exi wkl¨e„›` I Zuv‡`i ¯§„wZgvjv, evsjv‡`‡k ¯^vgx we‡eKvb›` I Zuvi wkl¨ I mgKvjxb AbyivwMe„›` Gme MÖš’¸wj XvKv g‡Vi wbR¯^ cÖKvkb hv XvKv e¨ZxZ †KvjKvZvi D‡Øvab †_‡KI cÖKvwkZ n‡”Q|
cy¯—K weµq †K›`ª
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AvR hv eZ©gvb GKw`b c‡iB Zv AZxZ n‡q hvq| ZvB †hme Z_¨ msM„nxZ n‡jv 2006 m‡bi wW‡m¤^i ch©š—| AvMvgx‡Z G¸‡jvB AZxZ wn‡m‡e aiv n‡e| XvKv g‡Vi BwZnv‡m †`Lv hvq 1974 mb †_‡KB we‡kl DbœwZi ¯^Y©hy‡Mi ïi“| GK_v ejvi KviY XvKv g‡Vi mvaywbevm, ivbœvNi, AwZw_kvjv, QvÎvevm, we`¨vjq, wPwKrmvjq, gw›`i, Kwg©feb hv wKQyi cwieZ©b-cwiea©b Zv Gmg‡qi g‡a¨ msNwUZ nq| ZvQvov f³nxb gV AvR f³ÑAbyivwM‡`i hvZvqv‡Z gyLwiZ| mvay-Kgx©i msL¨v AvR A‡bK| wPwKrmv‡¶‡Î, ÎvYKv‡h© me©w`‡KB Afvebxq cwieZ©b| eZ©gvb Aa¨¶ ¯^vgx A¶ivb›` gnviv‡Ri GKvw`µ‡g ewÎk eQi Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvq AvR ïay XvKv bq, mg¯— evsjv‡`‡kB kªxivgK…ò fvev‡›`vjb GKwU we¯§qKi Ges hyMvš—Kvix NUbv wn‡m‡e cwijw¶Z| kªxkªxVvKzi G hš¿‡K e¨envi K‡i AviI hv Kiv‡eb fwel¨‡Z bZzbfv‡e Zv bZzb BwZnvm m„wó n‡e wbtm‡›`‡n|
XvKv ivgK…ò gV I ivgK…ò wgk‡bi AZxZ BwZnvm Zz‡j Avbv mwZ¨ `yiƒn e¨vcvi| ZeyI †ejyo g‡Vi wKQy bw_cÎ, G g‡ViB cyi‡bv mg‡qi evrmwiK wi‡cvU© ev Kvh© weeiYx, wewfbœ cyi‡bv MÖš’, ¯’vbxq cÖvPxb f³ AbyivMx Ges mvay‡`i wbKU ï‡b DcvË msMÖn G †jLvi DcRxe¨| nq‡Zv g~j¨evb A‡bK Z_¨B Zz‡j Avbv m¤¢e nqwb| Awb”QvK…Z G ΓwUi Rb¨ ¶gv cÖv_©bv KiwQ| Z‡e AvMvgx‡Z bZzb Z_¨ wKQy msMÖn n‡j Zv cybivq ms‡hvR‡bi B”Qv iBj|
¯^vgxRxi c`cÖv‡š—, ¯^vgx AâRvb›`, c„ôvÑ 72
H c„ôvÑ 150
evsjv‡`‡k ¯^vgx we‡eKvb›` I Zuvi wkl¨ Ges
mgKvjxb AbyivwMe„›`, ¯^vgx ÁvbcÖKvkvb›`, c„ôvÑ 32
kªxkªxmvi`vb›` cÖm½, eªþPvix A¶q‰PZb¨, c„ôvÑ 189
†cÖgvb›` †cÖgK_v, eªþPvix A¶q‰PZb¨, c„ôvÑ 139
Kvh© weeiYx, ivgK…ò wgkb, XvKv, 1923 mb, c„ôvÑ 25
H c„ôvÑ 3
History of Math & Mission, Swami Gambhirananda, Page- 137
Ibid Page- 137
evsjv‡`‡k kªxivgK…ò I Zuvi cvl©`e„›`, ¯^vgx ÁvbcÖKvkvb›`, c„ôvÑ 142
How I came to the Feet of Sri Ramakrishna, Swami Nitya Swarupananda, Page- 25
†cÖgvb‡›`i ¯§„wZK_v, cÖKvkK, ¯^vgx m¤^y×vb›`, c„ôvÑ 115
Kvh© weeiYx, ivgK…ò wgkb XvKv, 1923 mb, c„ôvÑ 3
¯^vgxRxi c`cÖv‡š—, ¯^vgx AâRvb›`, c„ôvÑ 186
†LvKv gnvivR ¯^vgx my‡evavb›` ¯§„wZ mÂqb, Aebx‡gvnb ¸ß, 1g fvM, c„ôvÑ 122
Kvh© weeiYx, ivgK…ò wgkb XvKv, 1920Ñ1922 mb, c„ôvÑ 2
wkevb›` evYx, 1g fvM, ¯^vgx Ac~e©vb›`, c„ôvÑ 17
Kvh© weeiYx, ivgK…ò wgkb, XvKv, 1920, c„ôvÑ 3
History of Math & Mission, Swami Gambhirananda, Page- 137
Ibid Page- 138