history of morden architecture

7/23/2019 History of Morden Architecture

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C 2329

History of

ModernArchitecture

POLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH

Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering

Prepared by SKAwww.shahrilkhairi.com

Lecture 04:

Post Modern Movement High Tech Postmodernism de constructivism


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C 2329 History of Modern ArchitecturePOLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAHArchitecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering

Prepared by SKA

HIGH TECHRenzo Piano (Kansai Airport Terminal, Pompidou Centre)Richard Rogers (Pompidou Centre, Lloyds Building)Norman Foster (HSBC Headquarters)

- An abbreviation of High Technology- may be recognised in the engineeringarchitecture of the late nineteenth century (EiffelTower) and Russian Constructivists.-Also known as Structural Expressionism.- Emerged in the 1970s.- Incorporating elements of high-tech industry andtechnology into building design

- In the 1980s, many of its themes and ideas wereabsorbed into the post-modern style.- High-tech style aimed to give building an industrialappearance.- consist of a glass facade, with the building's beamsexposed behind it

POST MODERN MOVEMENT : HIGH TECH

John Hancock Center, Chicago(1970)Skidmore, Owing & Merill

Bank of China, Hong Kong (1992)By: I.M. Pei


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Centre Pompidou, Paris, France(1972-1976)Modern Art Museum

Renzo Piano and Richard Rogers


-The "Centre Georges Pompidou", or "Pompidou Center", formerly"Centre Beaubourg". Massive structural expressionist castexoskeleton, "exterior" escalators enclosed in transparent tube.

-The ventilation ducts are all shown on the outside. This was aradical design, as previous ventilation ducts would have been acomponent hidden on the inside of the building.

-The means of access to the building is also on the outside, withthe large tube allowing visitors to enter the building.


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Lloyds Building, London, England(1979-1984)Corporate headquarters, commercial

Richard Rogers


-Expressed structure and exposed services as ornamental order.

-The building is noted for its multi-storey, free-standing escalatorarray within the atrium; the mechanisms within are exposed andare punctuated in yellow.

-The external windows have triple layered solar control glass with a

ventilated cavity enabling it to refract back artificial light into theinterior. This helps to decrease the need for light after sunset.

-The atrium was influenced by Joseph Paxton's Crystal Palace of1851.

-The building takes its name from one Edward Lloyd who founded

a coffee shop on this site in 1688, from where maritime insurancewas conducted.


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Hong Kong and Shanghai BankCorp., China (HSBC) (1979-1986)Bank headquarters

Norman Foster


-The headquarters of the Hong

Kong and Shanghai BankingCorporation are reputed to havesome of the best feng shui aroundthe building sits on a rareconfluence of five dragon linesand enjoys harbour views.

-Dramatic exoskeleton trusses,

interior atrium, escalator entrythrough glazed atrium floor.-Exterior trusses are expressed in theform of giant steel 'coathangers'.


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PostmodernismRobert VenturiMichael GravesRichard Meier

POST MODERN MOVEMENT : POSTMODERNISM

-Origins : Failure of Modern Architecture.(Reaction to Modernism)

- Because of focus on function andeconomical building

- No ornaments = plain buildings.

- Postmodernists felt the buildings failed tomeet the human need for comfort bothfor body and for the eye.

- Modernism did not account for thedesire for beauty. The problem worsenedwhen some already monotonous

apartment blocks degenerated intoslums.

-Post Modernism want to cure this byreintroducing ornament and decoration.Form was no longer to be defined by itsfunctional requirements; it could beanything the architect pleased.

Modernism = minimal and true use of material as well asabsence of ornament.

Postmodernism = Rejection of rules set by the earlymodernists and excited in the use of building

techniques, angles, and stylistic references.use of sculptural forms, ornaments, and materials which perform

trompe l'oeil.

(creating the illusion of space or depths where none actually

exist, as has been done by painters since the Romans)

An icon of post-modernism, created for the architect'smother, and featured in Venturi's architectural polemic

"Complexity and Contradiction".


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Prepared by SKAPOST MODERN MOVEMENT : POSTMODERNISM

Gordon Wu Hall, Princeton, New Jersey(1983)Academic

Robert Venturi and Denise Scott Brown

- Ornamental graphic keystone with thecontrol joint running down the middle.

- Princeton University campus.

-The University named this building GordonWu Hall in tribute to his magnanimity.

-The brick, limestone trim, and strip windowsadhere to the entrance, set off-center andbroadside in the building, is marked by a boldmarble and gray granite panel recalling earlyRenaissance ornament and symbolizing theentrance to the College as a whole as well asto the building itself


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Portland Public Service Building, Portland(1980)Government Offices

Michael Graves

- Block mass with decorated facades, criticized for unpleasant interior.Icon of Post-Modernism

- Ornament is even more prominent.

- The two obtruding triangular forms are largely ornamental. They existfor aesthetic or their own purpose.Example of trompe l'oeil:

- Pillars represented on the side of the building that to some extentappear to be real, yet they are not


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High Museum of Art, Atlanta, Georgia(1983)Art museum

Richard Meier

concrete frame, enameled steel cladding

curved facade to sunny atrium

The extended ramp is a symbolic gesture reaching out tothe street and city, and a foil to the interior ramp that isthe buildings chief formal and circulatory element.

At the end of the ramp is the main entry and receptionarea, from which one passes into the four-story atrium.


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Prepared by SKAPOST MODERN MOVEMENT : DECONSTRUCTIVISM

Philip Johnson

Chainlink Garden Pavilion

Da Monsta - Gate House, New Canaan,Connecticut

-Attempted to deconstruct architecture by

exploding the building, its elements, or the

design idea from within to without, resulting in

a style that is non-systematic and unorthodox.

Johnson intended Da Monsta, which he named in anod to hip-hop idiom, as a future visitors' center.(New Canaan rejected the idea, and plans areunder way for an off-site center.)

The building is composed of a three-dimensional wiregrid with concrete on the outside, Styrofoam in themiddle, and plaster on the interior.


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Coop Himmelb(l)au (Blue-Sky Cons. Coorporative)Group of Viennese Architects

Vienna,Austria

COOP HIMMELB(L)AU was founded in 1968 in Vienna, Austria, by Wolf

D. Prix and Helmut Swiczinsky and continues to work since then in thefields of ARCHITECTURE, DESIGN and ART. Consists of exciting, headyarchitectural projects that present aggressive alternatives to thestandard approach to urban design. Turn sketches to fully form modelfrom the initial sketch phase.

asymmetrical structures are often generated to strive freedom froma given formal style. they create open plan, open minded and open

endedmade up of complex, undefined spaces. every buildingproject became autonomous, left to the unbridled fantasy of itsdesigner.

Law office in

Falkenstrabe(Vienna. 1988.

Coop Himmelblau) This roof

office with an overhanging

framework combines and

reinterprets the Postmodernand High Tech approaches.

BMW Headquarters in Munich, 2007 UFA CINEMA CENTER, Dresden Germany 1998



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Frank OGehryCharacteristics:

-Disjointed angles.- Unbalanced appearance of its wholecomposition.- Disharmonious abstract form.- Sharp angles, shards and pointed forms.- Irregularity is real.

Nationale Nederlanden Head Office,

Czech Republic, 1996

Frank.O. Gehry.

Characteristics:- Altered massing, spatialenvelopes, planes and other

expectations in a playfulsubversion.

Vitra Design Museum (Germany. 2006. Frank O.

Gehry.)takes the typical unadorned white cube of modernist

art galleries and deconstructs it, using geometries

reminiscent of cubism and abstract expressionism.

Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, Spain, 199398

Frank.O. Gehry



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-Attempted to deconstruct architecture by exploding the building,its elements, or the design idea from within to without, resulting in astyle that is non-systematic and unorthodox.

- deconstructivist buildings thus appear as a metaphor for thecontemporary world and implicitly criticize the view of theInternational style. wild pieces of decontextualised egotism.

Seattle Public Library,2004

Washington, USA



Rem Koolhass

CCTV building , Beijing,

China

The Casa da Musica, 2001Portugal

f d hPOLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH
http://www.flickr.com/photos/10816399@N05/1573477924/


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Zaha Hadid

- Approach to building designthat view architecture in bits and pieces.- The basic elements of architecture aredismantled.- Deconstructivist buildings may seem tohave no visual logic.- May appear to be made up of unrelated,disharmonious abstract forms.- Deconstructive ideas are borrowed from

the French philosopher Jacques Derrida.

Vitra Fire Station. Germany, 1994

Zaha Hadid

The Peak Competition, Hong Kong, Zaha Hadid,

1982.Zaha Hadid, Vitra Firestation design study,

1990:

Pierres Vives Building, France, Zaha Hadid, 2006.

C 2329 i f d hiPOLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH


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P d b SKAPOST MODERN MOVEMENT : DECONSTRUCTIVISM

Bernard Tschumi form follows fictionSwiss architect

Principles of showing off, with concept of disturbperfection through its development to create a new

structural form which might be different from others.

an elegant designer of buildings that result in smooth,precise structures on the outside, and warmth andfamiliarity on the inside. He creates spaces that do notimpose on their occupants; believing in the simplicityfine architecture.

BLUE RESIDENTIAL TOWER

New York City

a specific aim: to prove thatit is possible to construct acomplex architecturalorganization withoutresorting to traditional rules

of composition, hierarchyand order

Parc de la VilletteParis, 1982-1998

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