history of greek education and their prominent philosphers
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History of Greek education and their prominent philosophersTRANSCRIPT
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Presented By
Aroosha Hussain (10)
Ayesha Latif (15)
Amina Hussain (05)
Ayesha Bashir (14),
Presented To
Miss Nazia Waheed
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The branch of knowledge that records and analyzes past events related to educational perspectives known as history of education.
DEFINITION OF HISTORY OF EDUCATION
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PURPOSES OF EDUCATIONAL HISTORY
To analyze background
of human culture,
civilization and
education in accordance
with modern approaches.
To study evolution in
human approaches
and practices.
To introduce innovation in
the field of education
To help individuals to
secure religious and prime moral values. etc.
History of education basically tells, indicates and suggests the ways and means to
cover previous educational flaws.
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EDUCATION IN ANCIENT GREECE
Two forms of education in
ancient Greece
Formal education: hiredtutor & in school.
Informal education:
unpaid teacher & non-public setting.
The Greek city states are the clues that Greeks
were much more developed and wise then
their contemporary generations.
Two of the city states which got fame and power then others were Sparta and
Athens
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Introduction to Sparta and Athens
What’s the big idea?
The two most powerful city-states in Greece, Sparta and Athens,
had very different cultures and became bitter enemies.
Alliance
Peloponnesian War
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Spartans and the Military
Spartan society was dominated by the military.
The Spartans believed that military power provided security and protection.
Whole education based
on Militarytraining!
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Along with men's
women's are also allowed
to get education but they did not
fight.
Education mainly based on physical
training and fitness
Sparta has autocratic approach
towards the education.
Government held the
entire control of education
Curriculum
Almost entirely gymnastic training (running, leaping, jumping, throwing, boxing,
military Drill, wrestling, hunting) and discipline in itself.
Spartan education
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Educational scheme of Spartans
Ages 7-12 : Values Training
Boys left home and got a
basic education.
Ages 12-18 : Physical Training
Boys built physical skills through
exercise.
Ages 18-20 : Military Training
Men learned how to fight as a part of an
army.
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Ages 20-30 : Military Service
Soldiers formed the body of the Spartan
Army
Age 30 : Full citizenship
Soldiers could participate in the
assembly and move back home.
Educational scheme of Spartans
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Athens and the Athenians
Athens was Sparta’s main
rival.
In addition to physical
training, the Athenians valued
philosophy, clear thinking,
and the arts.
Valued education
Along with military training
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Athens has democratic approach towards the
education.
Primary purpose was to produce
Thinkers
Peoples well trained in arts and sciences
Peoples prepared for peace and war
Women's are not allowed to get
education
Curriculum
Includes education of physical training, philosophical education and education of the
fields of arts and science.
Athenian education
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Educational scheme of Athenians
Ages 7-15 : Elementary education
Boys left home and go to school and learned
physical training, athletics, and music, writing,
reading, dancing and ethical poems
Ages 15-18 : Secondary Education
Physical Training (harsh exercise)
Ages 18-21 : Military Training and Service
Trained were sent to state borders for fighting
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Higher Education
This was informal education.
For this Plato’s academia and Aristotle’s lyceum was famous
Educational scheme of Athenians
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SOCRATE: BREIF INTRODUCTION
Name: Socrates Philosopher
Birth date: c. 470 BCDeath date: c. 399 BC
Socrates (AKA SUKRAT) was born approximately 470 BC, in Athens, Greece.
Plato's Symposium provides the best details of Socrates's physical appearance. Short and stocky, with a snub nose and bulging eyes.
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• When the political climate of Greece turned, Socrates was sentenced
to death by hemlock poisoning in 399 BC.
SOCRATE: BREIF INTRODUCTION
Socrates always emphasized the
importance of the mind over other
body parts
Socrates possessed a different
kind of attractiveness, due to
brilliant debates and penetrating
thought.
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Perhaps his most important contribution to Western thought is
his dialectic method of inquiry, known as the Socratic method or
method of "elenchus",
This contribution provides him mantle of father of political
philosophy, ethics or moral philosophy and a figurehead of all the
central themes in Western philosophy.
Major contribution: Socratic method
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Use of the Socratic method
It was designed to force one to
examine one's own beliefs and the
validity of such beliefs.
The Socratic method is a negative method of
hypothesis elimination, in that better
hypothesis are found by steadily identifying
and eliminating those that lead to
contradictions.
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PLATO: BREIF INTRODUCTION
Plato born approximately 428 B.C.,
ancient Greek philosopher. Plato was a student
of Socrates and a teacher of Aristotle.
Both of his parents came from the Greek
aristocracy (upper classes).
Plato's father, Ariston, descended from the kings of Athens and
Messenia. His mother, Perictione, is said to be related to the 6th century B.C. Greek statesman Solon (Advisor).
Name: Plato Philosopher, Writer
AKA: Aristocles, Platon,son of Ariston
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As a young man, Plato experienced two major events that set his course in
life.
One was meetingthe great Greek
philosopher Socrates.
The other significant event was the
PeloponnesianWar between
Athens and Sparta, in which Plato
served for a brief time between 409
and 404 B.C.
PLATO: BREIF INTRODUCTION
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• After Socrates's death, Plato traveled for 12 years throughout the
Mediterranean region, studying mathematics with the Pythagoreans in Italy,
and geometry, geology, astronomy and religion in Egypt.
• During this time, or soon after, he began his extensive writing.
• In the middle, period, of his life Plato writes in his own voice on the central
ideals of justice, courage, wisdom and moderation of the individual and society.
• The Republic was written during this time
PLATO: BREIF INTRODUCTION
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• The Academy's curriculum
included astronomy, biology,
mathematics, political theory
and philosophy.
Founding the platonic Academy in Athens
• Sometime around 385 B.C., Plato founded a school of learning, known
as the Academy, which he presided over until his death.
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According to Plato there are different stages of education
Stages of Education
child stay with mothers for moral education
1st stage: (0-6)
2nd stage (7-17)
physical and military training
3rd stage (18-20)
Music and gymnastic
4th stage (20-30)
5th stage (30-35)
mathematical training
Dialectic ultimate principles of reality
Interaction with people
Social office
The 6th stage (35-50)
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Aristotle : BREIF INTRODUCTION
Name: Aristotle Philosopher
Birth date: 322 BCDeath date:384 BC
Aristotle was born on the Chalcidice
peninsula of Macedonia, in northern Greece.
• His father, Nicomachus, was the physician of king
of Macedonia.
• At the age of 18 Aristotle migrated to Athens,
where he joined the Academy of Plato. He
remained there for 20 years as Plato’s pupil and
colleague.
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At the age of 50 Aristotle move back
in Athens and he established his
own academy for general public
known as the Lyceum.
THE LYCEUM
He then traveled to the court of his friend Hermias of Atarneus in Asia
Minor. Aristotle married Hermias's adoptive daughter (or niece) Pythias. Aristotle
was appointed as the head of the royal academy of Macedon. During that
time he gave lessons to Alexander.
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• He built a substantial library and gathered around him a group of
brilliant research students, called “peripatetics” from the name
of the walkway (peripatos) in which they walked and held their
discussions.
He used inductive and
deductive methods for
finding out knowledge
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• Gymnastic (to develop the spirit of sportsman ship and to develop
good habits for the control of passion and appetite).
• Music and Literature (for moral and intellectual development).
• Mathematics (to develop the power of deductive reasoning).
• Physics and Astronomy was also given much importance with
practical training in citizenship.
Curriculum of lyceum:
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