history of canada integration into u.s. history dean june [email protected] ruth ann...
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History of CanadaHistory of CanadaIntegration into U.S. HistoryIntegration into U.S. History
Dean JuneDean [email protected]@rochester.rr.com
Ruth Ann WriterRuth Ann [email protected]@comcast.net
Different Points of ViewSimilar History
Why study Canada in Why study Canada in U.S. History Class?U.S. History Class?
United States did not evolve in vacuum!United States did not evolve in vacuum! By studying Canada, American students will By studying Canada, American students will
learn additional and different points of viewlearn additional and different points of view Natural extension of U.S. History due to ties Natural extension of U.S. History due to ties
that bindthat bind GeographyGeography EconomyEconomy CulturalCultural HISTORYHISTORY
Pre-Contact HistoryPre-Contact History
Migration routes—Native, InuitMigration routes—Native, Inuit Natives knew no bordersNatives knew no borders Cultural division of Natives result of natural, Cultural division of Natives result of natural,
geographic regionsgeographic regions
•http://www.tngenweb.org/maps/eastribe.jpg
Study of Native Life Study of Native Life Prior to European ContactPrior to European Contact
FoodFood ShelterShelter ClothingClothing MedicalMedical EducationEducation TransportationTransportation
DiplomacyDiplomacy LeisureLeisure Family structureFamily structure Gender rolesGender roles Religion and Religion and
mythologymythology
Age of DiscoveryAge of Discovery
EnglishEnglish FrenchFrench
English ExplorersEnglish Explorers
CabotCabot DavisDavis HudsonHudson BaffinBaffin FranklinFranklin
French ExplorersFrench Explorers
CartierCartier ChamplainChamplain BruleBrule LaSalleLaSalle Marquette and JolietMarquette and Joliet
Champlain’s WorldChamplain’s World
1567-16351567-1635
Two children of New FranceTwo children of New France
AcadiaAcadia Bay of FundyBay of Fundy Small farm communitiesSmall farm communities Port RoyalePort Royale
St. LawrenceSt. Lawrence SaguenaySaguenay Quebec CityQuebec City MontrealVoyageursMontrealVoyageurs Trois Rivieres, othersTrois Rivieres, others
Separated by geographySeparated by geography
French ColonizationFrench Colonization
AcadiaAcadia St. Lawrence and Great LakesSt. Lawrence and Great Lakes
More than Fame & FortuneMore than Fame & Fortune
GodGod GloryGlory GoldGold
Invited to join party of adventuresInvited to join party of adventures French getting nervous French getting nervous English base on Newfoundland--CODEnglish base on Newfoundland--COD Fishermen from Spain, Basque, EnglandFishermen from Spain, Basque, England
Problems in Paradise? !#@*^Problems in Paradise? !#@*^St. Croix Island—1604-5St. Croix Island—1604-5
Winter weather Winter weather No fresh water No fresh water Little lumberLittle lumber Scurvy Scurvy
35 of 79 died 135 of 79 died 1stst winter winter Isle of BonesIsle of Bones
No farmland No farmland Safe from Natives—they KNEW Safe from Natives—they KNEW
AcadiaAcadia
Seven Periods of AcadiaSeven Periods of Acadia
Acadia ... 1632 to 1653Acadia ... 1632 to 1653 - the core group of settlers arrive - the core group of settlers arrive
Acadia ... 1654 to 1670Acadia ... 1654 to 1670 - French immigration stops under - French immigration stops under English rule English rule
Acadia ... 1671 to 1689Acadia ... 1671 to 1689 - more arrivals under French rule - more arrivals under French rule
Acadia ... 1690 to 1709Acadia ... 1690 to 1709 - final days as French Acadia - final days as French Acadia
Acadia ... 1710 to 1729Acadia ... 1710 to 1729 - Acadians settle in as in Nova Scotians - Acadians settle in as in Nova Scotians Acadia ... 1730 to 1748Acadia ... 1730 to 1748 - peacetime under English rule - peacetime under English rule
Acadia ... 1749 to 1755Acadia ... 1749 to 1755 - English pressure and Acadian farewell - English pressure and Acadian farewell
1755—sent into exile1755—sent into exile 2005—Katrina 2005—Katrina
Quebec City during Champlain EraQuebec City during Champlain Era1608-16351608-1635
Summer trip of 1609Summer trip of 1609
Allied with HuronsAllied with Hurons Enemy of IroquoisEnemy of Iroquois Travel to LaChine and Richelieu RiverTravel to LaChine and Richelieu River To heart of Iroquois nation—60,000To heart of Iroquois nation—60,000 Reached Lake Champlain--JulyReached Lake Champlain--July
Battle of 1609Battle of 1609
Champlain stepped forward dressed for war in Champlain stepped forward dressed for war in bloomers & a gleaming plume topped metal bonnet bloomers & a gleaming plume topped metal bonnet on his head. He raised his gun and aimed at the most on his head. He raised his gun and aimed at the most prominent men standing the length of a football field prominent men standing the length of a football field away. He fired the load, four pellets and 2 Iroquois away. He fired the load, four pellets and 2 Iroquois chiefs dropped dead. Demoralized by the shock of an chiefs dropped dead. Demoralized by the shock of an unthinkable weapon, the Iroquois ran."—[Callwood unthinkable weapon, the Iroquois ran."—[Callwood p. 12]p. 12]
Rest is History!Rest is History!
Starting Line Up for French and Indian war Starting Line Up for French and Indian war 150 years later150 years later
What destroyed Native Cultures?What destroyed Native Cultures?
More than gunsMore than guns Disease—no immunityDisease—no immunity
Small poxSmall pox measlesmeasles
DepressionDepression DietDiet Societal changesSocietal changes Huron lost 50% of people by 1639Huron lost 50% of people by 1639 Never regained populationNever regained population
New FranceNew France
VoyageursVoyageurs Fur is king of North AmericaFur is king of North America
Urban New FranceUrban New France Quebec CityQuebec City MontrealMontreal
Seigneurial SystemSeigneurial System Settlement and farmingSettlement and farming
VoyageursVoyageurs
BruleBrule Radisson and GroselliersRadisson and Groselliers
1615—Great Lakes Region1615—Great Lakes Region
Brule—read about himBrule—read about him First white to…First white to… 1622—Sault Ste. Marie--MICHIGAN1622—Sault Ste. Marie--MICHIGAN
BeaverBeaver
Prized peltsPrized pelts Guard hairGuard hair Under hairUnder hair Worn for winter—THE best [castor de gras]Worn for winter—THE best [castor de gras] Easily transportedEasily transported Easily trapped out—extinct in some areasEasily trapped out—extinct in some areas BREATHING GOLD!BREATHING GOLD!
Economic Issues of BeaverEconomic Issues of Beaver
Supply—60-400 million from Rio Grande to Supply—60-400 million from Rio Grande to Arctic Arctic
10 million in Canada alone10 million in Canada alone 155 taken in one day155 taken in one day 5000 in one season5000 in one season
Demand—fad of hats Demand—fad of hats Cheap laborCheap labor
Life is a highway—Life is a highway—so were the riversso were the rivers
Rivers were the routes westRivers were the routes west No real trailsNo real trails Portages between rivers and lakesPortages between rivers and lakes Paddle at a fast rate—16+ hours a dayPaddle at a fast rate—16+ hours a day
Hudson Bay Company’s BirthHudson Bay Company’s Birth16701670
Hudson Bay system of trade to NorthHudson Bay system of trade to North French—longer supply lineFrench—longer supply line HBC started by Radisson/GroseilliersHBC started by Radisson/Groseilliers Took up 50% of current Canadian territoryTook up 50% of current Canadian territory Small posts called factoriesSmall posts called factories Operated by factorOperated by factor STAY ON THE BAY—factory systemSTAY ON THE BAY—factory system Eliminated middle men—direct buying Eliminated middle men—direct buying
HBC better dealHBC better deal
Blankets made of wool Blankets made of wool Shorter tripShorter trip England had 13 colonies south of New FranceEngland had 13 colonies south of New France Competition beganCompetition began
UrbanizationUrbanization
Quebec CityQuebec City MontrealMontreal St. Lawrence ValleySt. Lawrence Valley King’s DaughtersKing’s Daughters
Seigneurial SystemSeigneurial System
Competing for North America Competing for North America
New EnglandNew England Hudson Bay CompanyHudson Bay Company New FranceNew France AcadiaAcadia English v. FrenchEnglish v. French Lesser knownLesser known
Wars for EmpireWars for Empire
European conflictsEuropean conflicts French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War Revolutionary EraRevolutionary Era LoyalistsLoyalists Birth of two nations—not oneBirth of two nations—not one War of 1812War of 1812
New FranceNew France
STRENGTHSSTRENGTHS First Nations relationship First Nations relationship
goodgood Knew interiorKnew interior Control of waterwayControl of waterway UnifiedUnified End run around EngEnd run around Eng Forts Forts
WEAKNESSESWEAKNESSES Outnumbered 20:1Outnumbered 20:1 Less moneyLess money Poor transportationPoor transportation Iroquois enemyIroquois enemy Only few key citiesOnly few key cities
MontrealMontreal QuebecQuebec LouisbourgLouisbourg
End of New FranceEnd of New France
Series of 4 warsSeries of 4 wars Acadian Expulsion—1755Acadian Expulsion—1755 French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War Plains of Abraham—1759Plains of Abraham—1759 Conquest--1763Conquest--1763
Revolutionary EraRevolutionary Era
MotivationMotivation Quebec ActQuebec Act InvasionsInvasions Why 13 and not 15 colonies?Why 13 and not 15 colonies? Why British North America [French speaking] Why British North America [French speaking]
sided with Britainsided with Britain Only few years since French and Only few years since French and
Indian WarIndian War
Invasion of CanadaInvasion of Canada
After Quebec ActAfter Quebec Act August 1775—invasion beginsAugust 1775—invasion begins
Via fur trade route Richielu RiverVia fur trade route Richielu River Nov ’75—to MontrealNov ’75—to Montreal Siege for 55 daysSiege for 55 days
Not good neighborsNot good neighbors
Contempt for CatholicsContempt for Catholics Stole foodStole food Stole firewoodStole firewood Imprisoned priestsImprisoned priests Urinated on shrineUrinated on shrine Sent Ben Franklin—TOO LATESent Ben Franklin—TOO LATE
1776-17831776-1783
Events of Revolutionary WarEvents of Revolutionary War Saratoga—Burgoyne defeatedSaratoga—Burgoyne defeated Yorktown--1781Yorktown--1781 Ours is a history of revolution…Ours is a history of revolution… Canada is a history of evolutionCanada is a history of evolution
LoyalistsLoyalists
Thousands supported BritishThousands supported British Called TORIES [1/3]Called TORIES [1/3] 50,000 moved to Canada50,000 moved to Canada Why did these colonists emigrate?Why did these colonists emigrate? Where did they settle?Where did they settle? What was life like for them in new land?What was life like for them in new land?
Who were they???Who were they??? Merchants—trade tiesMerchants—trade ties Patriots—loyal citizensPatriots—loyal citizens Family tiesFamily ties Location—interior shield themLocation—interior shield them Conservative—fear of changeConservative—fear of change Age—demographyAge—demography History—sense of pastHistory—sense of past Defense—against NativesDefense—against Natives Guess work—wrong horse in race!Guess work—wrong horse in race!
Two nations are born!Two nations are born!
USA—south of St. Lawrence/ Great LakesUSA—south of St. Lawrence/ Great Lakes BNA—north [bummer]BNA—north [bummer]
Lower Canada Lower Canada Upper CanadaUpper Canada
Nova ScotiaNova Scotia Newfoundland—independent until 1949Newfoundland—independent until 1949 English threw in fur trade route to U.S.A.English threw in fur trade route to U.S.A.
Michigan—Detroit, MichilmackinacMichigan—Detroit, Michilmackinac Ft. NiagaraFt. Niagara Grand PortageGrand Portage
British North AmericaBritish North America
Lower CanadaLower Canada Upper CanadaUpper Canada Nova ScotiaNova Scotia Hudson Bay CompanyHudson Bay Company NewfoundlandNewfoundland
War of 1812War of 1812
Second War for EmpireSecond War for Empire
NationhoodNationhood
American history—Washington to LincolnAmerican history—Washington to Lincoln Rebellions of 1837Rebellions of 1837
Lower Canada--PapineauLower Canada--Papineau Upper Canada--MackenzieUpper Canada--Mackenzie
Underground RailroadUnderground Railroad When When
1800-18611800-1861 Fugitive Slave Act--1850Fugitive Slave Act--1850
WhatWhat Not undergroundNot underground Not railroadNot railroad Informal system Informal system SecretSecret Code wordsCode words
ConductorsConductors PassengersPassengers TrainsTrains CargoCargo Stations Stations
Where Where Established routesEstablished routes
WhoWho Fugitive slaves—30-50,000Fugitive slaves—30-50,000 Quakers, MethodistsQuakers, Methodists Urban/ruralUrban/rural Black/whiteBlack/white Anyone who hated slaveryAnyone who hated slavery
HowHow
Canadian CommunitiesCanadian Communities
Dresden—a.k.a. DawnDresden—a.k.a. Dawn
Josiah HensonJosiah Henson
Born in late 1700s in MarylandBorn in late 1700s in Maryland Beaten by master for protecting motherBeaten by master for protecting mother Fled to Dresden with youngest of 12 in Fled to Dresden with youngest of 12 in
knapsackknapsack Likely model for “Uncle Tom”Likely model for “Uncle Tom”
Vocational EducationVocational Education
Key to Henson’s communityKey to Henson’s community Concept of land ownershipConcept of land ownership British American Institute—industrial and British American Institute—industrial and
manual trainingmanual training Late 1840s—grist mill and saw millLate 1840s—grist mill and saw mill Visit to England with black walnut timbersVisit to England with black walnut timbers
Henson’s ChurchHenson’s Church
Henson’s later yearsHenson’s later years
Dresden collapsed by 1872Dresden collapsed by 1872 Questions of fraudQuestions of fraud Henson cleared of wrong doingHenson cleared of wrong doing Died at age 94 [?] in 1883Died at age 94 [?] in 1883 Descendents still live in regionDescendents still live in region
Civil War and Birth of CanadaCivil War and Birth of Canada
Role of Canada in our warRole of Canada in our war FeniansFenians Fear of United StatesFear of United States Dominion of Canada a reality as result--1867Dominion of Canada a reality as result--1867
Movement WestMovement West
Differences north of borderDifferences north of border Treatment of Natives and natureTreatment of Natives and nature Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny Settlement of Last Best WestSettlement of Last Best West
Turn of the CenturyTurn of the Century
Need for CooperationNeed for Cooperation IndustrializationIndustrialization UrbanizationUrbanization
World at WarWorld at War
Boer WarBoer War Great War—In Flanders FieldGreat War—In Flanders Field Statute of WestminsterStatute of Westminster World War IIWorld War II
Between WarsBetween Wars
Quest for World without WarsQuest for World without Wars Roaring 20’sRoaring 20’s DepressionDepression Different methods of recoveryDifferent methods of recovery
Post War and Cold War EraPost War and Cold War Era Baby boomersBaby boomers St. Lawrence SeawaySt. Lawrence Seaway 1950s-1970s—Social upheaval1950s-1970s—Social upheaval
NATONATO UNUN Commonwealth NationCommonwealth Nation KoreaKorea VietnamVietnam CubaCuba
Last GenerationLast Generation
Improving relationsImproving relations Free TradeFree Trade NAFTANAFTA Iranian hostagesIranian hostages 9/119/11 War on Terror War on Terror War in IraqWar in Iraq
Recent IssuesRecent Issues
Border IssuesBorder Issues 20012001 ““Fortress North America”Fortress North America” 2009 and passport requirements2009 and passport requirements
Health careHealth care TradeTrade Arctic SovereigntyArctic Sovereignty Culture WarsCulture Wars
FutureFuture
What will be the next chapter?What will be the next chapter? Issues facing Canada and U.S.Issues facing Canada and U.S.
BorderBorder Great LakesGreat Lakes TradeTrade Travel between two powerhousesTravel between two powerhouses Economic integrationEconomic integration DefenseDefense ArcticArctic
Contact InformationContact Information Dean JuneDean June
SUNY GeneseoSUNY Geneseo3914 East Main Street Road3914 East Main Street RoadAttica, New YorkAttica, New York
[email protected]@rochester.rr.com [email protected]@geneseo.edu
Ruth Ann WriterRuth Ann Writer K-12 Outreach Coordinator, Canadian StudiesK-12 Outreach Coordinator, Canadian Studies
Michigan State UniversityMichigan State University601 Circle Ridge Drive601 Circle Ridge DriveBuchanan, MIBuchanan, MI
[email protected]@comcast.net