history of c#
TRANSCRIPT
January 2002Subversion was still replacing CVSEuro banknotes and coins become legal tender in 12 member statesof the EU
January 2002
January 2002Microsoft releases the first version of the .NET framework with its new
language C#
C# 1.0 - Key FeaturesManaged Code (.NET)
IL Code (Intermediate Language)Common Language Runtime (Visual Basic.NET, J#, F#, ...)Base Class LibraryGarbage Collector
C# 1.0 - Key FeaturesOOP (classes)like Javano multiple inheritance
C# 1.0 - Key FeaturesProperties
public class ExampleClass{ private int _number;
public int Number { get { return _number; } set { _number = value; } }}
C# 1.0 - Key FeaturesDelegates and Events
Delegate: data structure that refers to either a static method, or anobject and an instance method of its class
C# 1.0 - Key FeaturesDelegates and Events
public delegate int ChangeInt(int x);
public class ExampleClass{ public static int DoubleIt(int n) { return n * 2; }
public void DoSomething() { ChangeInt myDelegate = new ChangeInt(DoubleIt); Console.WriteLine("{0}", myDelegate(5)); }}
C# 1.0 - Demo: Counter1
November 2005C# 2.0
C# 2.0 - Key FeaturesGenerics
public class ExampleClass{ public void Before() { ArrayList list = new ArrayList(); list.Add(42); int x = 2 + (int)list[0]; }
public void InCSharp2() { List<int> list = new List<int>(); list.Add(42); int x = 2 + list[0]; }}
C# 2.0 - Key FeaturesAnonymous Methods
public delegate int ChangeInt(int x);
public class ExampleClass{ public void DoSomething() { ChangeInt myDelegate = new ChangeInt( delegate(int x) { return x * 2; } ); Console.WriteLine("{0}", myDelegate(5)); }}
C# 2.0 - Key FeaturesNullable Types
Reference Typesreference to object on heapcan be null
Value Typesobject on stack or embeddedcan not be null
C# 2.0 - Key FeaturesNullable Types
public class ExampleClass{ public void DoSomething() { int? nullableInt = 42; Nullable<int> int2 = null;
if (nullableInt.HasValue) { Console.WriteLine(nullableInt.Value); } }}
C# 2.0 - Key FeaturesIterators
public interface IEnumerable<T>{ IEnumerator<T> GetEnumerator();}
public interface IEnumerator<T> : IDisposable{ T Current { get; } void MoveNext(); void Reset();}
C# 2.0 - Key FeaturesIterators
public class ExampleClass{ public void DoSomething() { List<string> list = new List<string>(); list.Add("Hello"); list.Add("World"); IEnumerable<string> enumerable = list;
foreach(string str in enumerable) Console.WriteLine(str); }}
C# 2.0 - Key FeaturesIterators
public class ExampleClass{ public void DoSomething() { foreach(int str in Iterate()) Console.WriteLine(str); }
public IEnumerable<int> Iterate() { yield return 1; yield return 2; yield return 3; yield return 4; }}
C# 2.0 - Demo: Counter2
C# 2.0 - Demo: IteratorExample
November 2007C# 3.0
C# 3.0 - Key FeaturesLambda Expressions
public delegate int ChangeInt(int x);
public class ExampleClass{ public void DoSomething() { ChangeInt myDelegate = x => x * 2; Console.WriteLine("{0}", myDelegate(5)); }}
C# 3.0 - Key FeaturesExtension Methods
"Add" methods to existing types without creating a new derived type,recompiling, or otherwise modifying the original type.
C# 3.0 - Key FeaturesExtension Methods
namespace Extensions{ public static class StringExtensions { public static int WordCount(this string str) { return str.split(new char[] { ' ', '.', '?' }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries).Length; } }}
C# 3.0 - Key FeaturesExtension Methods
using Extensions;
public class ExampleClass{ public void DoSomething() { string s = "Hello Extension Methods"; int i = s.WordCount(); Console.WriteLine(i); }}
C# 3.0 - Key FeaturesExpression Trees - Parsing
Expression<Func<int, bool>> exprTree = num => num < 5;
ParameterExpression param = (ParameterExpression)exprTree.Parameters[0];BinaryExpression operation = (BinaryExpression)exprTree.Body;ParameterExpression left = (ParameterExpression)operation.Left;ConstantExpression right = (ConstantExpression)operation.Right;
Console.WriteLine("Decomposed expression: {0} => {1} {2} {3}", param.Name, left.Name, operation.NodeType, right.Value);
C# 3.0 - Key FeaturesExpression Trees - Compiling
Expression<Func<int, bool>> exprTree = num => num < 5;Func<int, bool> result = exprTree.Compile();Console.WriteLine(result(4));
C# 3.0 - Key FeaturesAnonymous Types
var v = new { Amount = 108, Message = "Hello" };Console.WriteLine(v.Amount + v.Message);
C# 3.0 - Key FeaturesImplicit Typing (Type Inferencing)
//int i = 5;var i = 5;//string s = "Hello";var s = "Hello";//int[] a = new[] {0, 1, 2};var a = new[] {0, 1, 2};var anon = new { Name = "Terry", Age = 34 };
C# 3.0 - Key FeaturesLanguage Integrated Query (LINQ)
IEnumerable<Product> products;
var productQuery = products .Where(product => product.Price > 50.0) .Select(product => new { product.Color, product.Price });
C# 3.0 - Key FeaturesLanguage Integrated Query (LINQ)
var productQuery = from product in products where product.Price > 50.0 select new { product.Color, product.Price };
var expr = from c in customers where c.City = "Vienna" select c;
C# 3.0 - Demo: Counter3
C# 3.0 - Demo:ExtensionMethods
C# 3.0 - Demo: ExpressionTrees
C# 3.0 - Demo: LinqExample
April 2010C# 4.0
C# 4.0 - Key FeaturesLate Binding (dynamic)
object of type dynamic bypasses static type checking.=> if code is not valid, errors are caught at run time!
C# 4.0 - Key FeaturesLate Binding (dynamic)Dynamic Language Runtime (IronPython)HTML DOMReflection APICOM Interop
C# 4.0 - Key FeaturesLate Binding (dynamic)
before C# 4.0:
((Excel.Range)excelApp.Cells[1, 1]).Value2 = "Name";Excel.Range range2008 = (Excel.Range)excelApp.Cells[1, 1];
C# 4.0:
// access to the Value property and the conversion to// Excel.Range are handled by the run-time COM binderexcelApp.Cells[1, 1].Value = "Name";Excel.Range range2010 = excelApp.Cells[1, 1];
C# 4.0 - Demo:DynamicExample
C# 4.0 - Key FeaturesNamed and optional arguments
C# 4.0 - Demo:NamedAndOptionalArguments
August 2012C# 5.0
C# 5.0 - Key FeaturesAsync
C# 5.0 - Demo: AsyncConsole
C# 5.0 - Demo: AsyncExample
? 2015C# 6
Roslynset of open-source compilers and code analysis APIs for C# and VBApache License 2.0
Language features in C# 6 and VB 14