aqua star stab
DESCRIPTION
small vsl intact stability bookletTRANSCRIPT
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GENERAL INFORMATION
NAME: ……………… M.V AQUA STAROFFICIAL NO.:……… 0000668Description of vessel:…. ALL STEEL BUILT SMALL CARGO VESSEL
Builder:- ……………… Rockport Shipyard, Texas , U.S.A
Date Built:-…………… 1968
Hull:-…………………. STEEL
Machinery:-…………… 1 X D343 CATERPILLAR DIESEL
Owner:-…….................. CEDRIC WILLIAMS
Owner’s Address:-……. Georgetown
Test Done by:-………… JOSEPH F. LEWIS
Date :-…………………. July 04,2015Test Requested by :-…... OWNER
Plans Furnished by-……: NONE SEEN
Curves of form compiled by:- JOSEPH F. LEWIS
Class by :-………………. NOT CLASSED
Route:-………………….. NEAR COASTAL VOYAGES ONLY
Specify route if limited :-.. LIMITED AS ABOVE
Stability calculations made by:- JOSEPH F. LEWIS
GENERAL PARTICULARS
PRINCIPAL DIMENSIONS2
Length : ……………………………………………………….. 20.0 metre
Breadth extreme:…………………………………………… … 6.12 metre
Depth at midship from main deck:…………………………..… 3.11 metre
Full load mean draft for stability:……………………………… 2.65 metre
Summer Displacement @ salt water density(1.025)…………… 199.36 mt
Light ship displacement……………………………………….... 50.5 mt
Gross tonnage:……………………………………………...….. 94.0 mt
Net tonnage:………………………………………..……..…. 64.0 mt
Deadweight…………………………………………………….. 148.86 mt
Block coefficient:………………………………….……..…… 0.67
Solid GM ………………………………..….………………. 0.90 m
Fresh water allowance:……………………………………… 70 mm
Roll period…………………………………………………… 4.5 seconds
Freeboard amidship at above full load draft:........460...... mm from decklineLocation of ports in hull which may affect stability: all hatch covers, doors to accommodation and vents to cargo holds and bunker tanks must be fitted with watertight covers
INTACT STABILITY GUIDELINES
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When a ship is required to comply with IMO RESOLUTION A 749.18, in principle the stability should comply with the following recommended criteria for every sailing condition.
1) The area under the righting lever curve( GZ curve) should not be less than 0.055 metre-radians up to Ө = 30˚ angle of heel and not less than 0.09 metre – radians up to Ө = 40˚ or the angle of flooding Өı ( see footnote 1) if this angle is less than 40˚Additionally, the area under the righting lever curve (GZ curve) between the angles of heel of 30˚ and 40˚ or between 30˚ and Өı , if this angle is less than 40 ˚ , should not be less than 0.030 metre – radians.
2) The right lever GZ should be at least 0.20m at an angle of heel equal to or greater than 30˚.3) The maximum righting arm should occur at an angle heel preferably exceeding 30˚ but not less
than 25˚.4) The initial metacentric height GMo should not be less than 0.15m.
A – The area under curve up to θ =30˚ should not be less than 0.055 metre-radiansB – The area under curve up to θ = X˚ should not be less than 0.090 metre-radiansC – The area between 30˚ and θ = X˚ should not be less than 0.030 metre-radiansX - 40˚ or θ1 if this angle is less than 40˚
E – Max. righting arm preferably exceeding 30˚ but not less than 25˚ and should be at leat 0.20m at an angle of heel equal to or greater than 30˚F – The initial metacentric height GM◦ should not be less than 0.15m
Followings are recommended criteria for Operation
1 Θ is an angle of heel at which openings in the hull, superstructures or deckhouses which cannot be closed weathertight immerse. In applying this criterion, small openings through which progressive flooding cannot take place need not be considered as open.
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1. For every loading condition the righting arm curve (GZ curve) should be plotted using the KG corrected for the free surface effects of liquid in tanks.
Righting Lever
Heeling Arm
θ θ or θfAngle of heel
NOTES ON USE OF FREE SURFACE MOMENTS
Provided a tank is completly filled with liquid and no movement of the liquid is possible, the effect on the stability is precisely the same as if the tank contained solid material.
Immediately a quantity of the liquid is withdrawn from the tank, the situation changes completely and the stability of the ship is adversely affected by what is known as the “Free Surface Effects”.
This adverse effect on the stability is referred to as a “loss in G.M” or as a “Virtual Rise in V.C.G” and is calculated as follows:-
Free Space Moment
(tonnes metres)Loss in G.M due to Free Surface effects = ……………………………………(m) Displacement of Vessel in Tonnes
In case the tank is filled with a new liquid other than that was originally meant for, the loss in GM to Free Space Effects:
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= Free Space Moment (tones metre) x Specific Gravity of New Liquid……………………………………… …………………………………….Displacement of Vessel in tones Specific Gravity of original liquid
N.BThe “free space effects” of all D.O, F.W, L.O, W.B and service tanks with the possibility being slack should be taken into account in both the arrival and Departure Co
CURVE OF DOWNFLOODING ANGLE(AT EVEN KEEL)
6
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0
47 52 57 62 67DOWNFLOODING ANGLE θf (Deg)
NOTES TO MASTER
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NOTES:The Source of Downflooding Points are:
Critical Point Height from freeboard Wheelhouse storm door 0.96 m
1. The contents in this booklet are compiled to provide sufficient data and information for the Master at his convenience to determine the desired scheme of loading.
It is therefore important that all cargoes (if any), diesel oil, fresh water, ballast water, etc. are to be loaded with consideration to the proper trim and stability, and the distribution of the load in a well controlled manner so as to enable the vessel to navigate under favourable stress conditions.
In this booklet the standard loading condition is provided, but for any other loading condition, the Master is expected to carry out his own calculations in regard to the trim and stability of the vessel for compliance with the Stability Criteria stated elsewhere in this booklet.
2. When loading cargo, attention should be paid to the need for maintaining the freeboard at the stern of having regard to the safety of the crew working on deck and also to the adverse effect of trim by the stern on the stability of the vessel.
3. All doors and hatches etc., opening on to the exposed cargo deck should be kept closed and secured when underway (except for access) and it should be ensured that the disposition of the deck cargo does not impede the operation of these fittings.
4. When loading deck cargoes, care should be taken to avoid any obstruction of the freeing ports or areas necessary for the drainage to the freeing ports.
5. When cargo is discharged at sea, great care must be taken to maintain the vessel in a stable condition during the discharging operation. Attentions should also be paid to the trimming of the vessel during unloading:-
a) It should be noted that when liquid cargo is to be discharged, as soon as pumping commences, a full free surface will exist in those tanks being pumped and the effect of this on the stability of the vessel should be taken into account.
b) When a tank is to be ballasted at sea to counteract the removal of cargo from the vessel, it should be noted that:-
(i) The tanks will have a complete free surface as soon as filling commences and ,(ii) That this free surface will adversely affect the stability of the vessel.
6. It is therefore most important that before any filling commences, a quantity of the highest deck cargo should be unloaded to lower the vertical centre of gravity of the vessel.
Similar precautions should be adopted when loading cargo at sea.
7. Where port and starboard tanks are cross connected, such connections should be closed when the vessel proceeds to sea avoid significant reduction in stability.
8. Tanks containing slack liquids should be kept to a minimum.
9. Compliance with the stability criteria does not ensure immunity against capsizing regardless of the circumstances or absolve the master from his responsibilities.
Masters should therefore exercise prudence and good seamanship having regard to the season of the year, weather forecast and navigational zone and should take the appropriate action as to speed and course warranted by the prevailing circumstances.
10. Before any stage of a voyage commences care should be taken to ensure that the cargo and sizeable pieces of equipment have been properly stowed and lashed so as to minimize the
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possibility of both longitudinal and lateral shifting while at sea, under the effect of acceleration caused by rolling and pitching.
11. The vessel should be properly moored prior to lifting operation.
12. When engaged in towing, large external heeling moments may be applied to the vessel especially if the tow lead forms a large angle with the horizontal axis of the vessel. Such a condition would be further aggravated in adverse conditions of weather and tide or if the ship under tow ran aground.
13. At the commencement of a tow, it is important to ensure that the load placed upon the tow line and hook is applied gradually, particularly regard being taken of the relative thrust of the vessel and the resistance of the tow.
14. The combined effect of items (12) and (13) could produce an extremely dangerous condition and might eventually result in the vessel capsizing if the angle of tow resulted in the production of an excessive transverse heeling moment.
15. Operational procedures related to weather conditions
(a) All doorways and other openings, through which water can enter into the hull of deckhouses, manholes, etc., should be suitably closed in adverse weather conditions and accordingly all appliances for this purpose should be maintained on board and in good conditions.(b) Weather tight and watertight hatches, doors, etc., should be kept closed during navigation, except when necessarily, opened for the working of the ship and should always be ready for immediate closure and be clearly marked to indicate that these fittings are to be kept closed except for access. Hatch covers and flush decks scuttles should be kept properly secured when not in use during operations. All portable deadlights should be maintained in good condition and securely closed in bad weather.(c) Any closing devices provided for vent pipes to fuel tanks should be secured in bad weather.(d) Reliance on automatic steering may be dangerous as this prevents ready changes to course which may be needed in bad weather.(e) In all conditions of loading of necessary care should be taken to maintain a seaworthy freeboard.(f) In sever weather, the speed of the ship should be reduced if excessive rolling, propeller emergency, shipping of water on deck or heavy slamming occurs. Six heavy slamming or propeller emergencies during 100 pitching motions should be considered dangers.(g) Special attention should be paid when a ship is sailing in following or quartering seas because dangerous phenomena such as parametric resonance, broaching to, reduction of stability on the wave crest, and excessive rolling may occur singularly, in sequence or simultaneously in a multiple combination, creating a threat of capsize. Particularly dangerous (h) is the situation when the wave length is of the order of 1.0-1.5 ship’s length. A ship’s speed and/or course should be altered appropriately to avoid the above-mentioned phenomenon.(i) Water trapping in deck wells should be avoided. If freeing ports are not sufficient for the drainage of the well, the speed of the ship should be reduced or course changed, or both. Freeing ports provided with closing appliances should always be capable of functioning and are not to be locked.(j) Masters should be aware that steep or breaking waves may occur in certain areas, or in certain wind and current combinations (river estuaries, shallow water areas, funnel shaped bays, ect). These waves are particularly dangerous, especially for small ships.
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(k) Use of operational guidelines for avoiding dangerous situations in severe weather conditions or an on-board computer based system is recommended. The method should be simple to use.
Stowage Factors for Bulk & Neobulk Cargoes
Commodity Packing Cubic Ft/Ton
Cubic M/Ton
Acetate - Butyl Ethyl
Drums 65 1.84
Acetone Drums 63/68 1.784/1.925Acid - Citric Cases 47 1.331
Alcohol - Ethyl Drums 70 1.982Alcohol - Rectified
Drums 65 1.840
Aloes Cases 36 1.109Aluminium
IngotsBundled 29 0.821
Aluminium Foil Cases 108 3.508Aluminium Rods Loose Coils 24/30 0.679/0.849
Andalusite Bags 30 0.649Antimony Pallets 26/29 0.736Arsenic Drums 26 0.736Arsenite (sodium)
Drums 40 1.132
Asbestos Bags (Mozambique)
100/140 2.83/3.964
Asbestos Bags (South Africa)
86/90 2.435/2.584
Asbestos (Pressure Packed)
Bags 80 2.26
Asphalt Drums 47 1.331Barley Bags 60/65 1.699/1.840
Batteries (lead/acid)
Crates 40 1.132
Beans (canned) Cartons 50/55 1.416/1.557Beans (soya) Bags 56 1.585
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Beer Cases 66 1.869Beer Cartons 60 1.699
Beeswax Bags 65 1.840Billets (steel) Pcs 10 0.283Bituminous
solutionDrums 60 1.699
Bones Bags 100 2.832Bottles Bags 88 2.492
Bottles (Coke or Pepsi)
Bags 70 1.982
Bran Bags 100/120 2.832/3.394Brandy Casks 75 2.124Brandy Cases 56 1.385Bricks Cases 30/35 0.849/0.991
Bricks (fire) Loose 26 0.736Briquettes (Charcoa)
Bags 35/40 0.991/1.132
Buchu (herb) Bales 270 7.646Buckwheat Bags 55/65 1.557/1.840
Calcium carbide Drums 50/60 1.146/1.699Canned goods Cartons 40/50 1.132/1.146
Candles Cartons 80 2.265Carbon Black Cartons 147 4.163Casks (empty) Loose 80 2.690Cassava Root Bags 95 2.690Cattle Feed Bags 73 2.067
Caustic Soda Drums 25 0.708Cereals Cartons 240 6.796Cement Bags 23 0.651Cement Marino Slings 28 0.793Chain Drums 24 0.679
Charcoal Bags 200 5.664Chicory Bags 60 1.699
Chrome Ore Bags 12/15 0.339/0.424Cigarettes Cartons 134 3.794
Clay Bags 30/50 0.849/1.416Cloves Bags 120 3.398
Coal Tar Drums 57 1.614Cobalt Drums 20 0.566
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Coffee Bags 100 2.832Confectionery Cartons 84 2.378
Copper Blister 18 0.509Copper Ingots 18 0.509Copper Cathodes 12 0.339
Copper Ingots bundled
9 0.254
Copper Billets 5 0.141Copper
ConcentratesBulk 18 0.509
Copra Bags 80/90 2.265/2.548Corks (crown) Cartons 80 2.265
Cornflour Bags 56 1.585Corundum Ore Bags 40 1.132Cotton Seed Bags 85/110 2.407/3.115
Cotoon Seed Oil cake
Bags 75/80 2.124/2.265
Cotton Lint Bales 126 3.568Cotton Pressed Bales 85 2.407
Crayfish (Atlantic Spiny
Lobster)Cartons 55 1.557
Creosote Drums 50 1.416Curry Powder Cartons 72 2.039
Custard Powder Cartons 70 1.982Drums 55 gal
emptyLoose 100/400 2.832/11.328
Dynamite Cases 90 2.548E.C. Feed (Cattle
Feed)Bags 55/70 1.557/1.982
Electrolytic Manganese
Drums 18 0.509
Essences cartons 44 1.246Eucalyptus Logs Loose 55 1.557Eucaylptys Oil Drums 50 1.416Eucryptide Ore Drums 25 0.708Ferrochrome Drums 14 0.396
Ferromanganese
Drums 24 0.679
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Ferrosilicon Drums 30 0.849Fibre Board Sheets 50 1.146Filters (oil) Cartons 181 5.125
Fish (canned) Cartons 55 1.557Fishmeal Bags 60/65 1.699/1.840Fish Oil Drums 60 1.699
Flour (maize) Bags 58 1.642Flouspar Bags 30 0.849Fondant (cement)
Cases 43 1.217
Fruit (canned) Cartons 40 1.132Fruit (dried) Cartons 48/55 1.359/1.557Fruit Juice (canned)
Cartons 55 1.557
Garlic Cartons 57 1.614Glass Crates 45/70 1.274/1.982
Glucose Drums 43 1.217Granite (slabs) Loose 40 1.133Granite (blocks) Loose 10/15 0.293/0.424
Graphite Bags 53 1.501Grits Bags 55 1.557
Groundnut (peanuts)
Bags 75 2.124
Groundnut Oil cake
Bags 70/75 1.982/2.124
Groundnut Oil Drums 60/62 1.699/1.755Guano Bags 60/70 1.982/1.699
Hardboard Skids 65/102 1.840/2.888Hides (dry) Bales 150/160 4.248/4.531Hides (wet) Bundles 45/50 1.274/1.416
Horns Bags 80 2.265Ilmenite Bags 22 0.623
Ivory Bags 60 1.699Jam/Jelly (canned)
cartons 61 1.727
Jam/Jelly (bottled)
Cartons 43 1.217
Jute Bags 58 1.642Kerosens Cases 57 1.614
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Lard Cartons 50 1.416Lead Ingots 10 0.283
Leather Bales 100 2.832Lepidolite Pallets 35/40 0.991/1.132
Maize Bags 60 1.699Manganese
(ferro)Drums 24 0.509
Meat (canned) Cartons 55 1.557Methylated
SpiritsDrums 70 1.982
Mica Bags 60 1.699Microlite Ore Bags 20 0.566Milk Powder Cartons 120 3.398
Mill balls Drums 20 0.566Millet Bags 55 1.557
Mimosa bark Bales 96 2.718Mohair (greasy) Bales 110 3.115
Mohair (scoured)
Bales 120 3.398
Monasite Oil Drums 50 1.416Nails Bags 28 0.493
Nestum Cartons 150 4.248Nickel
ConcentrateBags 18 0.509
Oats Bags 65 1.840Oatmeal Bags 90 2.548
Ochre Bags 45 1.274Onions Bags 100 2.832Paint Drums 50 1.416
Palm Kernels Bags 80 2.265Parquet Flooring Cartons 42 1.189
Peel (citrus) Cases 60 1.699Peanut Butter Cartons 60 1.699Peas (canned) Cartons 52 1.472
Pet Food Cartons 55 1.557Pipe (Cast iron) Loose 53 1.50`
Pipe (Steel)Depends
on diam.Loose 90 2.548
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Ploughs (Disc) Bundles 35/40 0.99/1.13Plywood Bundles 85 2.407
Poles (Telephone Creosoted)
Bundles 90/106 2.548/3.001
Potatoes Bags 100 2.882Potatoes Crates 80 2.265
Pulp Board Bundles 34/40 0.962/1.132Rayon Pulp Bales 75/80 2.124/2.265
Resin Bags 63 1.784Rice Bran Bags 110 3.115
Rope (Sisal) Coils 90 2.548Rubber (Scrap) Drums 101 2.860
Rubber (Solution)
Drums 70 1.95
Rum Casks 60/80 1.699/2.265Rutile Bags 25 0.708Rye Bags 52 1.472
Salt (Coarse) Bags 70 1.982Salt (Fine) Bags 45 1.274Shark Fins Bags 60/70 1.699/1.982Sheepskins Bales 110/140 3.115/3.964
Sisal Bales 100 2.832Sleepers
(Wooden railway ties)
Loose 40 1.132
Soap Cases 47 1.331Soda Ash Bags 40/45 1.132/1.274
Sugar Bags 46 1.302Syrup (cane) Cartons 45 1.274
Tallow Drums 58 1.642Tea Chests 100 1.832
Tin Plate Stillages 15/18 0.424/0.509tin Concentrates Bags 14 0.39
Tinned Goods Cartons 50/60 1.146/1.669Tomatoes Cartons 55 1.557
Post Toasties (Cornflakes)
Cartons 321 9.090
Tobacco Bales 120 3.39815
Tobacco Cases 110/140 3.115/3.964Tung Oil Drums 60 1.699Twine Cartons 85/90 2.407/2.548Tires Loose 130/160 3.551/4.531Urea Bags 55 1.557
Vaseline Cartons 40 1.132Vermiculite Bags 45/60 1.274/1.699
Wattle Extract (Solid)
Bags 40/50 1.132/1.146
Wattle Extract (Powder)
50 1.146
Wattle Poles Loose 90 2.549Wattle Poles Bundles 120 3.398
Wax Bags 75 2.124Weedkiller Drums 55 1.557Whale Meal Bags 80 2.266Whale Oil Drums 65/70 1.840/1.982
Wheat Bags 50/60 1.41/1.669Wine Cases 70 1.982Wine Casks 70/80 1.982/2.265Wine Firkins 58/64 1.642/1.812Wine Hogsheads 70 1.982Wine Pipes 70 1.902Wine Cartons 65 1.840
Wire Netting (Chicken wire)
Rolls 60 1.699
Wire Rope Coils 30 0.849Wool (Grease) Bales 221 6.258Wool (Scoured) Bales 220 6.230
Wool (Tops) Bales 160 4.531Wool (Mohair) Bales 161 4.559
Zinc Dust Drums 25 0.708Zircon Bags 25 0.708
CONVERSION FACTORSTo Convert From To Multiply
Insert amt. to be
convertEquals
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CENTIMETERS Decimeters 0.10000 0.00000 Feet 0.03281 0.00000 Inches 0.39370 0.00000 Meters 0.01000 0.00000 Millimeters 10.00000 0.00000 Yards 0.01094 0.00000CUBIC CENTIMETERS Board feet (BM) 0.00042 0.00000(cc) Cubic inches 0.06102 0.00000 Ounces, liquid (US) 0.03381 0.00000CUBIC FEET Barrels, oil (42 gal) 0.17820 0.00000 Board feet 12.00000 0.00000 Bushels (US) 0.80356 0.00000 Bushels (Imp) 0.77863 0.00000 Cubic centimeters 28317.01600 0.00000 Cubic decimeters 28.31702 0.00000 Cubic inches 1728.00000 0.00000 Cubic meters 0.02832 0.00000 Cubic yards 0.03704 0.00000 Gallons (Imp) 6.22890 0.00000 Gallons (US) 7.48052 0.00000 Hectoliters 0.28316 0.00000 Liters 28.31625 0.00000Cubic inches Board feet (BM) 0.00694 0.00000 Bushels (US) 0.00047 0.00000 Cubic centimeters 16.38716 0.00000 Cubic feet 0.00058 0.00000 Gallons (Imp) 0.00360 0.00000 Gallons (US) 0.00433 0.00000 Gills 0.13853 0.00000 Liters 0.01639 0.00000 Ounces, liquid (US) 0.55411 0.00000 Pints, liquid (US) 0.03463 0.00000 Quarts, liquid (US) 0.01732 0.00000
CUBIC METERSBarrels, liquid (31 1/2 gal) 8.38650 0.00000
Barrels, oil (42 gal) 6.28980 0.00000 Board feet (BM) 423.77334 0.00000 Bushels (Imp) 27.49600 0.00000 Bushels (US) 28.37760 0.00000 Cubic decimeters 1000.00000 0.00000 Cubic feet 35.31446 0.00000 Cubic inches 61023.38000 0.00000 Cubic yards 1.30794 0.00000 Gallons (Imp) 219.96750 0.00000 Gallons (US) 264.17030 0.00000 Liters 999.97300 0.00000CUBIC YARDS Cubic feet 27.00000 0.00000 Cubic inches 46656.00000 0.00000 Cubic meters 0.76456 0.00000 Liters 764.54000 0.00000DECIMETERS Centimeters 10.00000 0.00000 Feet 0.32810 0.00000 Inches 3.93700 0.00000 Meters 0.10000 0.00000 Yards 0.10940 0.00000FEET Centimeters 30.48006 0.00000 Decimeters 3.04801 0.00000
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Inches 12.00000 0.00000 Kilometers 0.00030 0.00000 Meters 0.30480 0.00000 Miles, nautical 0.00016 0.00000 Miles, statute 0.00019 0.00000 Yards 0.33330 0.00000GALLONS (Imp) Barrels, oil (US) 0.02860 0.00000 Cubic centimeters 4546.08590 0.00000 Cubic feet 0.160544 0.00000 Cubic inches 277.42000 0.00000 Gallons (US) 1.200952 0.00000 Liters 4.54600 7523.00000 34199.55800 Ounces (Imp) 160.00000 0.00000 Ounces, liquid (US) 153.72156 0.00000 Quarts (Imp) 4.00000 0.00000 Quarts, liquid (US) 4.80380 0.00000GALLONS (US) Barrels, oil (42 gal) 0.02381 0.00000 Cubic centimeters 3785.43400 0.00000 Cubic feet 0.13368 0.00000 Cubic inches 231.00000 0.00000 Cubic meters 0.00378543 0.00000 Gallons (Imp) 0.83268 0.00000 Gills (US) 32.00000 0.00000 Liters 3.785332 0.00000
Ounces, liquid (US) 128.00000 0.00000 Pints, liquid (US) 8.00000 0.00000 Quarts, liquid (US) 4.00000 0.00000INCHES Centimeters 2.54000 0.00000 Decimeters 0.25400 0.00000 Feet 0.08333 0.00000 Meters 0.02540 0.00000 Millimeters 25.40000 0.00000 Yards 0.27777 0.00000KILOGRAMS Grams 1000.00000 0.00000 Ounces (avdp) 35.27396 0.00000 Pounds 2.20462 0.00000 Tons, long 0.0009842064 0.00000 Tons, metric 0.001 0.00000 Tons, short 0.0011023112 0.00000KILOMETERS Feet 3280.8333 Meters 1000.0 Miles, nautical 0.53960 Miles, statute 0.6213699 Yards 1093.61110 LITERS Barrels, oil 0.00630 Bushels (Imp) 0.02749688 0.0283774 1000.028 0.03531539 61.025 0.219975 us gal 0.264178 1160.00000 306.44648 33.8147 2.11336 0.908102 0.879902 1.05668
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imperial gallon Liters 4.54000 50.00000 227.00000us gallon Liters 3.78500 0.00000
Conclusions
1) The vessel “ AQUA STAR ” is considered to have sufficient stability for conditions of Coastal and near coastal waterways only and as a result precautions must be taken to ensure vessel’s safety in relation to its stability in open waterways of sea force above 4
2) Due to the low downflooding height of openings on main deck aft all hatch covers , doors to accommodation, vents to bunker tanks and cargo holds / stores must be secured and be watertight at all times when vessel is underway.
3) Due to large capacity of midship and after bunker tanks , master must always ensure that action are taken to reduce the free surface effects when bunker tanks are part filled, especially in rough weather conditions.
4) When light condition and with minimal bunker captain must take steps to reduce the vertical centre of gravity by placing load low
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down in cargo hold ,especially in rough weather and when fresh water tanks on deck are filled .
…………………………………. Joseph Lewis Marine Surveyor
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