history of american sport
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HISTORY OF AMERICAN SPORT. The history of u.s. sport. Ancient games -Baggataway/Lacrosse Arrival of the europeans - Baseball Rationalisation phase -American Football New image and isolation -Basketball Sport and the commodity. ADMINISTRATION OF USA SPORT. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
HISTORY OF AMERICAN SPORT
The history of u.s. sport
Ancient games-Baggataway/Lacrosse Arrival of the europeans-Baseball Rationalisation phase-American Football New image and isolation-Basketball Sport and the commodity
ADMINISTRATION OF USA SPORT
Administration of sport in the u.s.a.
Decentralized administration with autonomous governing bodies
powerful professional sports, with considerable public support, franchises & commercial organisation
commercial sponsorship and major mediainfluence- private sector is the key
Administration of sport in the u.s.a.
lombardian “win at all costs ethic rising through professionalism and capitalism
strong and growing counter culture movement- rise of lifetime and eco sport
college tradition acts as a sponsored nursery for professional and olympic performers
strong amateur sector but almost exclusively in education- 50% of 18 year olds in h.e. not a strong club system-recreational sport limited to park and beach
Sport in the united states of america
-THE BIG 4 SPORTS
BASEBALL
BASKETBALL
ICE HOCKEY
AMERICAN FOOTBALL
PROFESSIONAL (ELITE) SPORT
The History of USA Sport 1) Ancient games baggataway / lacrosse – existing culture
only one survived 2) Arrival of the Europeans
Baseball 3) Rationalisation phase
American Football 4) New image and isolation
Basketball
USA broke links with Europe through the world series only American teams take part.
We are copying them “Americanisation” Market TV Adverts Fire works Pom Pom Drive on buggies with kicking tees.
North American Sports
Sports most technically advanced in the world Sports stars are the richest in the world Sports mad public – large audience World champions in a number of sports Americanisation spreading through out global
sport
Decentralised administration with autonomous governing bodies
NFL has more money than the White House Powerful professional support from the public. The big four sports no Sunday pub league teams Commercial sponsorship & major media influence Lomardian win at all cost
College tradition acts as a sponsored nursery for professional & Olympic performers.
Recreation limited to park & beach Strong & growing outdoor culture movement rise in eco
sports (outdoor ed) Strong amateur sector but almost exclusively in education. 50% of 18 year olds in HE Draft college team to professional The worst team at the end of the year gets to pick the best
for next year. No Manchester United
Grass Roots
Professional
Ethics in North American sport
Lomardian Ethic
Vince Lombardi American football coach in the 50’s
His win at all costs Going against the idea of sportsmanship
"There's only one way to succeed in anything, and that is to give it
everything. I do, and I demand that my players do."
"If you aren't fired with enthusiasm, you'll be fired with enthusiasm."
"Mental toughness is essential to success."
"You never win a game unless you beat the guy in front of you. The score on
the board doesn't mean a thing. That's for the fans. You've got to win the war
with the man in front of you. You've got to get your man."
Success demands singleness of purpose."
"Some of us will do our jobs well and some will not, but we will be judged by only one thing-the result."
"Winning is not a sometime thing: it's an all the time thing. You don't win once in a while; you don't do the right thing once in a
while; you do them right all the time. Winning is a habit. Unfortunately, so is losing."
"Winning isn't everything--but wanting to win is."
"It's easy to have faith in yourself and have discipline when you're a winner, when you're number one. What you've got to
have is faith and discipline when you're not yet a winner."
"I firmly believe that any man's finest hour, the greatest fulfillment of all that he holds dear, is the moment when he has worked his heart out in a good cause and lies exhausted on the
field of battle-victorious."
The Radical Ethic Winning is important but not at all
costs. There is a value in the means by
which victory is achieved. Product of Christian European
culture The value gained from
participation was considered a full justification for physical activity.
Counter Cultural Ethic
The process is all that matters Winning is irrelevant other than as a reflection of
the quality of effort. Participation as the main motivation
Everyone is a winner simply by taking part.
Summary
Lomardian-Outcome is valued above the means of achievement
Radical Ethic – Both outcome and process are equally valued. Without the former being achieved at the expense of the latter
Counter-Cultural-The process or experience is valued more highly than the outcome
THE HISTORY OF PROFESSIONAL SPORT
Baseball and Boxing were the “peoples sport” long before Football and Basketball became professional.
Golf and Horse Racing were also established early as professional sports although neither of them featured prominently at collegiate level.
Baseball was established well before the end of the 19th century with the first World series being played in 1903
BASEBALL AND BOXING Distinct parallel with Rugby in the
U.K. occurred in 1869.Cincinnati Red Socks became professional as a result of the “no compensation” policy of the NABP. The NABP were therefore forced to accommodate professional clubs within its ranks.By the mid 1880’s agreements were in place which became the model for professional Baseball and for other sports as well.
The roots of both Baseball and Boxing lay in the masses who populated the Eastern and Central States.
• Baseball was popular at the grass roots level rather like soccer in the U.K. Boxing existed on the other hand as “the noble art” of self- defence and was firmly entrenched as a middle class “manly” pursuit. However to many young men from poor backgrounds, it also became the passport to a better life.
FOOTBALL AND BASKETBALL Professional Football and Basketball
did not really emerge until the mid 1930’s and were distinct from Baseball in that their roots were firmly established within the Collegiate System.
Football had begun in the 1890’s but the American Professional Football Association was not formed until 1920 with 11 clubs which would shortly become the NFL. Big city clubs have always dominated the game.
• An early success in professional sport was the American Basketball League founded in 1925 but soon discontinued. Its successor, The National Basketball League (NBL) was formed in 1938 and later became the NBA.
THE STRUCTURE OF PROFESSIONAL SPORT
Professional sport in the U.S.A. still has as its centre BASEBALL, BASKETBALL and FOOTBALL. ICE HOCKEY is popular in the Northern states.
Modern technology now allows FRANCHISES ( Team Headquarters) to be moved to such places as Texas and California, where historically, there are no connections other than financial ones.
Most team sports are organised into conferences(as in college sport) or leagues with American or National usually being the 1st word of their title.
• This structure occurs in all 4 major sports. The strangely named WORLD SERIES in both Basketball and Baseball reflects “a wish that this really was the case” and the influence of the marketing “Hype” intent on convincing the TV audiences that their own sports really are world class.
• The college system with its scholarships and high profile image serves as a proving ground for would-be professional sportsmen and women who want to make a career in professional sport.Basketball and Football are the major Benefactors of this system.
Baseball Academy
NFL Camps
• Track and Field Athletics, which always had a high profile in college sport, now, also have a legitimate outlet into professional sport.
COMMERCIAL NATURE OF PROFESSIONAL SPORT
Hand in hand with the rise of professional Sport has grown an increase level of Commercial interest and Investment.
Professional Sportsmen/Women are used in every way imaginable to market products for an increasing Global market and earnings derived from such involvement often outstrip already huge sporting salaries.
Sponsorship- Michael Jordan
• The presentation of American team sports has been designed with business in mind.
• Short, sharp bursts of activity are followed by a break during team changes, conferences with coaches and change of innings etc. This allows breaks to be filled with short commercial “hits” from sponsors.
THE MEDIA AND PROFESSIONAL SPORT
The media particularly TV, has enhanced the earning potential of sportsmen/women in two ways
1] The income derived by clubs/franchises from the sale of TV rights has allowed for considerable increases in salaries.
2] The role of sports stars as “advertising bill boards” has allowed valuable contracts to be secured both in sports related and other products.
• Rather more questionable is the degree to which-in return for their huge investment- Media companies (eg Robert Murdoch with Foxes) seek to gain control, not only of sports events, but clubs and their governing bodies.
• Media companies now own a considerable number of America’s leading sports teams/franchises.
THE STATUS OF PROFESSIONAL SPORT
The status of professional sport in the U.S.A. generally has never been more firmly established. This is because it now serves not only sporting interests but commercial ones as well.
Basketball, Football, Baseball and Ice Hockey are served up to a huge market. Ice Hockey’s Stanley cup rivals both World series and the Superbowl in popularity.
Sports stars are Feted wherever they go and as role models they have a huge influence on young people’s tastes in both sporting and wider markets.
• The status of sport and MEGA STARS is now such that they can influence considerably the spending habits of millions of people outside the immediate sporting culture of the nation.
• The great interest people have in sport means that it provides a market place for a huge range of goods and services. This market has an enormous influence on a global scale.
Americanisation in Global Sport
Americanisation Where sport is seen as a
commodity The market becomes the driving
force in sport
The sale of TV rights becomes the major source of sports funding.
Broadcasting rights for NFL now worth £1.4 billion a year
The Golden Triangle
T.V
EVENT SPONSOR
Examples of influence Pay per view The entertainment package Endorsed Kit Selling the image