history chapter 18

7/25/2019 History Chapter 18

1/31

CHAPTER 18:The Campaign For Independence


2/31

Fact-fnding commission sent to the Philippines by newlyelected U.S president Warren Harding in March 191!which concl"ded that Filipinos were not ready #orindependence #rom the United States.

$n 19%1! Woodrow Wilson had appointed the liberal Francis&. Harrison was con'inced that the best method o#preparing Filipinos #or independence was to gi'e them aswide a latit"de as possible in managing their internal

a(airs. Passage o# the )ones *ct in 191+! which anno"ncedthe U!.S intention o# granting Philippine independence!enco"raged Harrison in his policy o# replacing *mericansin the Philippines ci'il ser'ice with Filipinos.

,he Wood-Forbes Mission


3/31

ep"blicans in the United States arg"ed that Harrisons

policy o# Filipini/ation was premat"re and that theta0eo'er o# obs by Filipinos res"lted only in a mar0eddeterioration o# ser'ices. ,o s"pport disposition! Hardingsent o"t 2en. 3eonard Wood and W. 4ameron Forbes.,he two reported in 5ct. 191. ,hat the islands were not

pre#erred #or independence and that many ed"catedFilipinos wish to remain "nder the *merican t"telage.

6ews o# the Wood- Forbes report was recei'ed with angerin the Philippines. Wood! who ser'ed as a go'ernorgeneral #or the ne7t + years! tho"gh an honest ande8cient administrator! remained highly "npop"lar withFilipinos.

,he Wood-Forbes Mission


4/31

356*: W55:

is a chie# o# sta( o# the United States *rmy.Military 2o'ernor o# the 4"ba and 2o'ernor2eneral o# the Philippines.

He #o"ght in 4"ba d"ring the Spanish-*mericanwar.

Wood &ecomes 2o'ernor


5/31

3eonard Wood


6/31

President Harding wanted 2eneral Wood

to be the ne7t go'ernor-general o# thePhilippines. Wood was rel"ctant to acceptthe position at frst b"t was laterpers"aded to ta0e on the tas0 o#

go'erning the co"ntry.

3eonard Wood antagoni/ed Man"el 3.;"e/on and Sergio 5sme


7/31

Manuel L. QuezonPresident of the Senate Assembl

President of the Common!ealth


8/31

Sergio S. OsmeaSpea0er o# the First Philippine *ssembly


9/31

191- 4ollecti'es

6ationalista Party- Political leadership sho"ld be

e7ercised collecti'ely! that no one personsho"ld dictate policies b"t instead all sho"ldparticipate in their #orm"lation.

Unipersonalistas- leadership sho"ld be

e7ercised by one person! not by gro"p.

19- election on the iss"e between 5sme


10/31

;"e/on gro"p =colecti'istas> won more seats

than 5sme


11/31

)ones 3aw- Strong opposition #rom the Filipinopolitical leaders.

Wood de'iated #rom Harrisons policy o# gi'ingFilipino greater participation in the go'ernment.

19%Man"el 3 . ;"e/on became the most prominent

political leader o# the Filipinos who had a @"arrelwith the go'ernor =Wood>*merican detecti'e in Manila Police :epartment

=by the name *A 4563A>- the ca"se o# @"arrel

,he 4abinet 4risis


12/31

Manila Mayor amon Fernande/- s"spended4onley #or allegedly accepting bribes andcommitting acts o# immorality.

Secretary o# the $nterior ! )ose P. 3a"rel-appro'ed the s"spension. He wants 4onley tobe in'estigated administrati'ely as well as

Wood wants 4onley be bro"ght to trail.


13/31

Jose P. Laurel


14/31

4onley was #o"nd not g"ilty so Wood ordered3a"rel to reinstate 4onley in his position and payhim bac0 wages co'ering the period o# hiss"spension.

4onley retired and got his retirement pay .

;"e/on too0 ad'antage to 4onley case so they

attac0 Wood and branded him as anti- Filipino.,hey acc"sed Wood o# inter#ering e'en thesmallest detail o# go'ernance in order c"rtail therights o# Filipinos.


15/31

Filipino members o# the cabinet and thatmembers o# 4o"ncil o# state resigned.

Mass resignation- 4abinet 4risis


16/31

&oard o# 4ontrol 4ase

5ne o# the ca"ses o# the conBicts betweenWood and the Filipino 3eaders.

4omposed o# the go'ernor-general! the SenatePresident! and the Spea0er o# the Ho"se.

$t manage the a(airs o# go'ernmentcorporations.

$t is abolished by Wood

5ther 4onBicts with Wood


17/31

Ceto Power*nother so"rce o# conBict between Wood and the

Filipino political leaders.

;"e/on and 5sme


18/31

1919- frst parliamentary mission was sent to U.S d"ringthe administration o# Woodrow Wilson. 3ead by Man"el;"e/on

*pril 19- second parliamentary mission was present

on Washington lead by 5smena and ;"e/on. 3i0e thefrst mission! the second mission achie'ed nothing.

$n the s"cceeding years! partic"larly in 19-19E and19%! the Philippine independence missions were a

#ail"re.

$n 19%! an $ndependence 4ongress met in Manila andpassed a resol"tion #a'oring the early grant o#

$ndepence to the Philippines.

$ndependence Mission


19/31

$t is called the 5s-o7 Mission. $t wasinstr"cted

by the 3egislat"re to wor0 #or the early granto# the Philippine independence.,hey are thethree *merican gro"ps that were #a'orable to

Philippine $ndependence. ,hey were the

*merican Farm 2ro"p! *merican 3aborleaders. *nd the isolationist.

,he 5sme


20/31

,he HareHawesCutting Actwas the frstUS law passed #or the decoloni/ation o# thePhilippines. $t was the res"lt o# the 5s-o7

Mission led by Sergio 5sme


21/31

When ;"e/on was in#ormed abo"t thepassage o# the Hare-Hawes- 4"tting 3aw! hetho"ght that it was not a good law. He wasthere#ore obliged to wor0 against the appro'al

by the 3egislat"re.

He wor0ed hard #or the law to be reected by

the Philippine 3egislat"re. ;"e/on reorgani/edthe 3egislat"re so as to weed o"t thes"pporters o# the Hare-Hawes-4"tting 3aw!who also happened to be the s"ppoters o#

5sme


22/31

3ate in 19%%! ;"e/on reali/ed that the chances o#ha'ing a better law passed were nil. Faced withembarrassment! ;"e/on wor0ed with Milliard

,ydings and epresentati'e )ohn Mc:"8e to ha'e

the Hare-Hawes-4"tting 3aw reenacted withpractically little change.

,ydings- Mc:"8e *ct- signed by President

oose'elt on March G! 19%G with one re'isionIthe retention o# na'al reser'ations and #"elingstationsJ instead o# Ithe retention o# military andother reser'ations.


23/31

,he ,ydings-Mc:"8e *ct pro'ided #or the#raming o# a constit"tion #or the4ommonwealth go'ernment.

)"ly 1! 19%G- election the constit"tionalcon'ection.

)"ly %! 19%G- the 4onstit"tional 4on'ectionwas inag"rated with 4laro M. ecto! as ascholar! lawyer! poet! and parliamentarian! aspresident.

Framing the 4onstit"tions


24/31

4laro M. ecto


25/31

Febr"ary E! 19%? ! the con'ection appro'edthe 4onstit"tion.

President Fran0lin :. oose'elt! a#ter readingthe 4onstit"tion and seeing that there wereno obectionable pro'isions incl"ded!appro'ed it on March %! 19%?.

May 1G! 19%? ! the Filipino people appro'edthe constit"tion in the plebiscite.


26/31

)"ne 1+! 19%? ! an election was held. ;"e/onand 5sme


27/31

,he iss"e concerning wommen s"(rage in thePhilippines was settled in a special plebisciteheld on *pril %! 19%D. 6inety percent o#'oters were in #a'or o# the meas"re. $n

compliance with the 19%? 4onstit"tion! the6ational *ssembly passed a law whiche7tended right o# s"(rage to women.

19- 4lemencia 3ope/ appealed #or thePhilippine independence while st"dying in theU.S

Women S"(rage


28/31

Pensionadas- U.S scholars

&y 19s and 19%s a n"mber o# womenhad becometeachers! doctors! n"rses! social wor0ers! and other

pro#essionals.

3a 2ota de 3eche K 3ed by 4oncepcion Feli7

3a *sociaciLn Feminista Filipina- #ormed with4oncepcion Feli7! Pa/ Mendo/a 2"a/on! osa Se'illa*l'ero! Sofa de Ceyra! 6ati'idad de *lmeda! PilarHidalgo.


29/31

$n 19+! 3a 4oncolaciLn Feminista $longa byP"ra Cillan"e'a alaw was established to fght#or womens right to 'ote and to r"n #or p"blico8ce.

Schools they #o"nded and managed

19- $nstit"to de M"eres19D- 4entro scolar de Senorita1919- Philippine Womens 4ollege


30/31

September 1?! 19%D K Women S"(rage lawwas fnally signed by President ;"e/on a#ter1? decades o# stead#ast str"ggle withs"bstantial gains.


31/31

Ncla"dineeeeeeee

Ncla"dineeeeeeeeee

Prepared !"

Claudine #. Castro

Jessica S. $agalog

,han0 yo"

httpsOOwww.#aceboo0.comOcla"dine.castro1

history chapter 18

Documents