FUTURE OF INTERNET

By Rakesh Bhaskar

60,000 years ago People started to speak

5,000 years ago People started to write

600 years ago

45 years ago The Internet was born

A brief history of communications

People started to publish

In the 1960s, a U.S. defense research project created a linked network that shared information across computers.

The Internet

It was a network called ARPANET. It relayed data from one computer to the next using packet switching technology.

The World Wide Web

25 years ago Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web

It was an open platform of standards where anyone could create a Web site on the Internet. Opening up the platform for everyone was the catalyst for explosive growth. The Internet grew to become one of the largest structures ever assembled by humans.

It exploded in all directions

In 1995 there were an estimated 16 million "active Internet users" worldwide representing only 0.4 % of the world's population.As of 2014, the number of internet users worldwide is about2.92 billion.(40 % of the population).

Growth Of Internet In IndiaPresently Over 200 Million Users Indian Internet users will surpass the number in the U.S. by the end of this year and around 500 million people will be online by 2018.10 years –From 10 million to 100 million Internet users. Now the country is adding five million new Internet users every month.

The Internet age is a major historical shift. Like the industrial revolution, it is changing nearly every aspect of life: political systems economic power gender roles where and how we live

And the most important thing about the Internet: It was all built on a level playing field called Net Neutrality.

how we liveThe Internet is changing

Welcome to the revolutionNet Neutrality is this:

Net Neutrality is the guiding principle that preserves the free and open Internet. It ensures that all users can access the content or run the applications and devices of their choice. Under Net Neutrality, the network's only job is to move data — not choose which data to privilege with higher quality service.

Here’s how it works The Web flows into your computer through pipes owned for the most part by phone and cable companies.

They charge fees to anyone who wants to use them, but they're not allowed to mess with what's inside those pipes.

Net Neutrality ensures that everyone’s Web sites gets treated the same.

Net Neutrality saves democracy

I can read my cousin's political blog just as easily as I can browse to CNN.com. I can download music from a independent music site as easily as I can from Sony’s Web site. I can post a video of a local campaign speech confident that network owners won’t impede access to it.

Since the Internet's birth, every site, every packet of data, regardless of its size, has been given equal — neutral — treatment by providers; its content is transmitted at equal speed:

Under Net Neutrality, users choose

Net Neutrality is the Internet …

This fundamental notion of an open and level playing field is NOW under siege by powerful industries who seek to tilt the field to their advantage.

Net Neutrality is the reason that the Internet has been an explosion of online economic innovation, democratic participation, and free speech.

... and it’s now under threat

What happened to stifle openness and limit access to broadcasting is happening to the Internet right now.

… could happen to the Internet

A handful of phone and cable giants are promising to build a new network of Internet services. But they want something in return from government. They want control. Not just over the “pipes” but control over the Internet itself.They’re pushing laws that would gut Net Neutrality

Google users—Another search engine could pay dominant Internet providers like AT&T to guarantee the competing search engine opens faster than Google on your computer.

Ipod listeners—A company like Comcast could slow access to iTunes, steering you to a higher-priced music service that it owned.

Political groups—Political organizing could be slowed by a handful of dominant Internet providers who ask advocacy groups to pay "protection money" for their Web sites and online features to work correctly.

Online purchasers—Companies could pay Internet providers to guarantee their online sales process faster than competitors with lower prices—distorting your choice as a consumer.

Small businesses—When Internet companies like AT&T discriminate in favor their own services and allies, new market entrants won’t be able to compete.

Bloggers—Costs will skyrocket to post and share video and audio clips—silencing citizen journalists and putting more power in the hands of a few corporate-owned media outlets.

How would this affect you

Cloud componentsIt has three components 1) Client computers 2) Distributed Servers 3) Data centers

Why cloud service is popular? Reduce the complexity of networks. Do not have to buy software licenses. CustomizationInformation at cloud are not easily lost.Unlimited Storage Capacity Increased Data Reliability Free From MaintenanceInstant Software Updates

What is project loon?

Many of us think of the Internet as a global community. But two-thirds of the world’s population does not yet have Internet access. Project Loon is a network of balloons traveling on the edge of space, designed to connect people in rural and remote areas, help fill coverage gaps, and bring people back online after disasters.

Setting up of the balloon

How it looks like?

HOW LOON IS DESIGNED

ENVELOPE

SOLAR PANELS

EQUIPMENT

COMPONENT

Envelop

Solar panels

Equipment

ENVELOPE Project Loon’s balloon envelopes are made from sheets of polyethylene plastic and stand fifteen meters wide by twelve meters tall when fully inflated. A parachute attached to the top of the envelope allows for a controlled descent and landing whenever a balloon is ready to be taken out of service.

SOLAR PANELS Each unit’s electronics are powered by an array of solar panels that sits between the envelope and the hardware. In full sun, these panels produce 100 Watts of power - enough to keep the unit running while also charging a battery for use at night. By moving with the wind and charging in the sun, Project Loon is able to power itself using only renewable energy sources.

EQUIPMENT A small box containing the balloon’s electronic equipment .

This box contains circuit boards that control the system .

Radio antennas to communicate with other balloons and with Internet antennas on the ground.

And batteries to store solar power so the balloons can operate during the night .

The Pilot Test

Project Loon has started in June 2013 with an experimental pilot in New Zealand.A small group of Project Loon pioneers will test the technology in Christchurch and Canterbury.30 balloons have been launched from New Zealand's south island.The experience of these pilot testers will be used to refine the technology and shape the next phase of Project Loon.

The technology

Project Loon balloons float in the stratosphere,twice as high as airplanes and weather.They are carried around the earth by the winds and they can be steered by rising or descending to an altitude with winds moving in the desired direction. People connect to the balloon network using a special Internet antenna attached to their building.The signal bounces from balloon to balloon,then to global Internet back on earth.

How loon moves with the wind?

Project Loon balloons travel around 20 km above the Earth’s surface in the stratosphere. Winds in the stratosphere are generally steady and slow-moving at between 5 and 20 mph, and each layer of wind varies in direction and magnitude.Project Loon uses software algorithms to determine where its balloons need to go, then moves each one into a layer of wind blowing in the right direction. By moving with the wind, the balloons can be arranged to form one large communications network.

how loon connects?

Each balloon can provide connectivity to a ground area about 40 km in diameter at speeds comparable to 3G(around 10 Mbps).Each balloon is equipped with a GPS for tracking its location.There are 3 transceivers:balloon-to-balloon,balloon-to-ground and third for backup.The balloon use antennas equipped with specialized radio frequency technology.Project Loon currently uses ISM bands(specifically 2.4 and 5.8 GHz) that are available for anyone to use.

Ism Bands

ISM bands stands for Industrial,Scientific and Medical bands.Radio bands reserved internationally for the use of radio frequency(RF) energy for industrial,scientific and medical purposes other than communications.In general, communications equipment operating in these bands must tolerate any interference generated by ISM equipment, and users have no regulatory protection from ISM device operation.

Advantages & disadvantages

Advantages

Easy to useSpeed

Increased internet usage

Disadvantages

CostMaintenance

Balloon can work for few weeks only

INTERNET OF THINGS

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a scenario in which objects, animals or people are provided with unique identifiers and the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction.