hirst shooting video for the web 2012
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Shooting video for the webThe basics of videography for blogs and
online news sitesEthical Martini, August 2012
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Just shoot me
Theres nothing mysterious about broadcast
technology and in the web context high-end
production values are not important
However, always aim to shoot the best qualitythat you canthis means good light, good audio
and good camera angles
There are some basic rules you should be
following -
the rule of thirds
, for example andhow to follow action with the camera, without
getting all that jerky movement that spoils the
shot
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Before you leave the building
Even if youre not a boy scoutbeprepared
What do you want to shoot?
Story & Purpose Time frame to deadline
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Equipment checklist:
Inventory what have you got
Phone & App point & shoot, edit & upload
Automatic video camera
Backpack kit:
Batteries; tapes (if you need them); free-space on hard
drive (if you have one); tripod; audio gear; lights (if you
can get them); power cordsoh, and the camera
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Brain checklist:
what are you shooting; where are you going; how are
you going to shoot it; do you need permission to
shoot there; is the interviewee ready;
have you researched the topic; have you got your
notebook, maps, keys, phone, wallet and water; doessomeone know where youre going
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Basic guidelines for web video
Use low-action shots whenever possible lots of movement can look blurry and pixilated on the
web
Keep the camera still
if youre shooting action, let it happen in the frame
Zoom, zoom, zoom in a word No
Make sure your subject is well lit from the front
get as much light as you can in the shot, peoples
faces in particular and important action Strive for good quality audio
GIGO: garbage in, garbage out
Avoid small objects except in ECU shots
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Framing the shot
A good shot will always fill the frame
Get as physically close as you can to the
subject/action Zoom with your feet
Familiarise yourself with the grammar of the shot: Long/wide/establishing shots (panoramic, scene-
setting)
Mid-shots (from the mid thigh or higher)/Head and
shoulders (close-up)/ECU (extreme close-up)
Cutaways/B-roll/Reverses (shots that you can use to
cover up difficult edit-points)
Choose your background carefullydecorate
Pan (l-r)/zoom (in-out)/tilt (up-down)
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Shoot a variety of shots
Wide
Establish the events
Medium
More engaging
Close up
Show the details
Source: ISU
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Wide Shot
Establish the event
Source: ISU
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Medium Shot
Engage the viewer in the event
Source: ISU
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Close-Up Shot
Show the details
Source: ISU
http://communication.illinoisstate.edu/
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Shoot for your editor (usually you)
Editing is always easier if you (or your editor) has a good selection of
useable shots and great audio (well pretty good audio)
Most times you only get one shot at getting a shot
Action speaks louder than words shoot wide first and
shoot wide often
Objects that are relevant or interesting; details faces,hands, windows, artworks, flowers, friends, doors, damage, colour, emotion,
metaphor, beauty, intrigue, curiosity, personality make great
insert/cutaway shots
But dont waste time on that till you get the action Take time to frame an interview shot even in the
heat of the moment
Take more time with a set-up interview
Frame, sound-check, re-frame, record
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Rule of thirds
Imagine the scene you
want to frame overlaid with
a grid breaking it into nine
rectangles of equal size
Find the major point ofinterest in the shot as your
focal point
Frame major foreground
objects into the left or right
horizontal third and into themiddle third
Fill at least two thirds
vertically
Source: sweet.vanjava
The theory is that if you place
points of interest in the
intersections or along the lines
that your photo becomes morebalanced and will enable a
viewer of the image to interact
with it more naturally.
Digital Photography School
http://sweet.vanjava.info/index.php/2008/03/04/trying-to-apply-the-rule-of-thirds-on-my-snaps/http://digital-photography-school.com/blog/rule-of-thirds/http://digital-photography-school.com/blog/rule-of-thirds/http://digital-photography-school.com/blog/rule-of-thirds/http://digital-photography-school.com/blog/rule-of-thirds/http://sweet.vanjava.info/index.php/2008/03/04/trying-to-apply-the-rule-of-thirds-on-my-snaps/ -
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Source: TV Handbook
Source: Ethical Martini
Source: sweet.vanjava
Source: Picture America
http://www.tv-handbook.com/Composition%20and%20Camera%20Movement.htmlhttp://ethicalmartini.wordpress.com/http://sweet.vanjava.info/index.php/2008/03/04/trying-to-apply-the-rule-of-thirds-on-my-snaps/http://pictureamerica.org/HV20Directory.htmlhttp://pictureamerica.org/HV20Directory.htmlhttp://sweet.vanjava.info/index.php/2008/03/04/trying-to-apply-the-rule-of-thirds-on-my-snaps/http://ethicalmartini.wordpress.com/http://www.tv-handbook.com/Composition%20and%20Camera%20Movement.html -
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Stabilise the camera
Theres nothing worse than shaky footage,
except unintentionally shaky footage
Keep the camera stillsure, but how?
Use a tripod still the most effective way and youcan then operate the controls without jerking the
camera around
Steady yourself and the camera against
something solid thats not moving:
a tree, a wall, a table, a heavy (non-operating) piece
of machinery; rest your elbows on the roof of the car;
get someone to hold you or to lean against
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UseALL available light
Dark, greyed-out and grainy footage cannot berepaired in post-production (GIGO again)
Using professional lighting rigs is expensive, time-
consuming and not for the D-I-Y beginner
Simple-to-usehotshoe
lights for modern digital
cameras work well for lighting facesif youre
close enough
When in doubt take it out(side)theres nothing
wrong with asking your interviewee to go outside,but be very careful about noisy locations
Open the curtains/blinds and turn on the lights
A simple table or desk lamp makes a reasonable
spotlight for faces
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Lighting tips
Dont shoot into direct sunlight
If youre outside on a really sunny day, find some
light/dappled shade
Dont shoot with the sun in your interviewee
seyes, they squint and look stupid
Find and use the backlight button on your
camera
If you only have a little amount of light, get it onyour subject any way you canuse the desk
lamp etc and bring it close, then frame the shot to
leave it out (see rule of thirds)
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A few sound rules
Read up and practice microphone technique
Test your microphones before using them,
particularly the first time
If using a smallprosumer
camera, fit anexternal mic if you can
Where possible use lapel mics for interviews if
you only have one, put it on the talent, not on you
If your camera lets you ALWAYS check youraudio levels in a pre-record test
Stay away from noisy locations and high wind
situations
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Chasing some action
If you keep the camera still,how do you shoot action?
Let the action come to you
Frame a wide shot and let
the action move through theframe
Start with an empty frame
(if you can), hold the shot
until the frame is emptyagain
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Hold the camera still move slowly
Pan, zoom, tilt if you want to try it from a standing position move your upper body first
on a tripod
start and finish on a still subject, or hold the shot till it
leaves the frame
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Action in the frame
For interview subjects frame wide or deepenough to get hands in frame if they move, using
slow tilt
If youre on your own, keep it simple
a good seated MCU set wide (camera close) over
one shoulder,
or standing head and shoulders to mid chest [dont
cross the line]
If in doubt, keep it wide for crowd scenes, teamsport and racing
Dont shoot flat angle the camera so that the action
is moving towards (not head-on) or away into a
horizon or vertical vanishing point (thirds)
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Wide, Medium and Close-Up
Used for montage of event Using a variety of shots is a good way to keep the
viewer engaged
Try moving from a wide to medium to close-up in
one long shot It can work for a voice-over sequence, or as
overlay for interview tracks
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Get at the Eye level of subjects
Viewer identifies with subject through
eye level
Often Youth are shot from Adult
perspective
Use angles appropriately
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Get at the Eye level of subjects
Source: ISU
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Youth Eye Level
Source: ISU
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Youth Eye Level
Example:
Source: ISU
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Crossing the line is a very
important concept in videoand film production.
It refers to an imaginary line
which cuts through the middle
of the scene, from side to
side with respect to the
camera.Crossing the line changes the
viewer's perspective in such
as way that it causes
disorientation and confusion.
For this reason, crossing the
line is something to be
avoided.
Source: Mediacollege.com
Where can the camera go?
180 degree rule
for any given sequence of
shots stay on one side of
the subject
a half-circle along animaginary line through the
subject forms your
shooting area
http://www.mediacollege.com/video/editing/transition/reverse-cut.htmlhttp://www.mediacollege.com/video/editing/transition/reverse-cut.html -
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180 Degree Rule
Medium shot
Source: ISU
http://video.extension.iastate.edu/2009/08/28/4-h-building-better-citizens/http://video.extension.iastate.edu/2009/08/28/4-h-building-better-citizens/ -
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180 Degree Rule
Close-Up shot
Source: ISU
http://video.extension.iastate.edu/2009/08/28/4-h-building-better-citizens/http://video.extension.iastate.edu/2009/08/28/4-h-building-better-citizens/