Higher Education Developments within the ASEAN Community

Roger Y. Chao Jr.01 April 2015

CHET, University of British ColumbiaVancouver, Canada

Why Study ASEAN?

• Demographic Premium• GDP growth• Trade• FDI• ASEAN Centrality– Regional level– Trans-regional level

Source: ASEAN Statistics 2013

Source: ASEAN Statistics 2013

Source: ASEAN 2013 (AEC)

Source: ASEAN 2013 (AEC)

ADBi (2014) ASEAN 2030: Towards a Borderless Economic Community, p. 190

ADBi (2014) ASEAN 2030: Towards a Borderless Economic Community, p. 191

ASEAN & ASEAN INTEGRATION

ASEAN & the ASEAN CommunityGDP ($ Mil) GDP/cap ($) Pop. (‘000) HE enrolment

Brunei 16,970 42,445 400 5,363

Cambodia 14,401 977 14,741 200,192

Indonesia 878,223 3,578 245,425 5,051,637

Lao PDR 9,083 1,394 6,514 51,545

Malaysia 305,154 10,338 29,518 612,208

Myanmar 52,525 861 60,976 605,101

Philippines 250,543 2,565 97,594 2,387,557

Singapore 276,610 52,069 5,312 154,271

Thailand 366,127 5,391 67,911 2,075,427

Vietnam 141,669 1,596 88,773 1,519,840

Notes: GDP, GDP/cap & pop (2012); HE enrolment based on latest available data PH (2008); KH (2011); BN, IN, MY & MM (2012); LA, SG, TH & VN (2013)Source: ASEAN Statistics; UNESCO UIS

ASEAN Integration< 90s 1990s 2000s 2000s 2010s

ASAMaPhilIndo

ASEAN 5 (67)Brunei (84)

VN (95)LA & MM (97)KH (98)

ASEAN Charter(2007)

1st Summit (Indonesia 76)

AFTA (92)AFAS (95)ASEAN 2020AUN (95)AUN-QA (97)Hanoi PoA 98

Bali Con 2 (03)Vientiane AP(2004-2010)AEC BP (07)

AEC BP (07)Hua Hin Dec (07)APSC BP (09)ASCC (09)

5 yr WP Ed(2011-2015)

ASEAN HE DEVELOPMENTS

Source: Chao (2014): Regionalization, International Organization and East Asian Higher Education

Source: Chao (forthcoming 2015) Changing ASEAN HE Discourse & Chao (2014) unpublished PhD Dissertation

Economic Status & Higher Education Focus

Economic Status Countries Higher Education Focus

Lower Income Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Vietnam

-policy reform & system expansion-increasing enrollment-infrastructure development

Low-Middle Income Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand

-quality improvement

High Income Brunei Singapore

-more independent with global partnerships-well developed with high international recognition

Asian Development Bank (2011)

Changing ASEAN HE Discourse

From: CooperationManpower Development; Teacher Ed; Systems

To : Regionalization (ASEAN HE Area)

AEC; Hanoi PoA; Bali Concord II; Vientiane APAEC BP; AUN; AUN-QA

To : Identity formation & Community BuildingHua Hin Dec; ASCC; 5 yr WP for Ed

Source: Chao (forthcoming 2015): the Changing ASEAN HE discourse

Multilateral Liberalization

1) Framework agreement on enhancing ASEAN Economic cooperation (1992)

2) ASEAN framework agreement on services (1995) 3) ASEAN framework agreement on visa exemptions (2006)4) ASEAN agreement for the movement of natural persons

(2012)5) MRAs– Engineering services (2005)/Nursing services (2006)

– Surveying and Architectural services (2007)

– Dental, Accountancy & Medical practitioners (2008);

– Tourism professionals (2012)

Source: Chao (2014): Pathways to an East Asian Higher Education Area

Chao (forthcoming 2015) The Changing ASEAN higher education discourse: implications to regionalization of ASEAN higher eduction

CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS

Source: Chao (forthcoming 2015): the Changing ASEAN HE discourse

Other Developments

• EU Share (starting 2015)

• Tuning South East Asia (tentative 2015)

• ASEM processes

• Referencing to AQRF by 2018

• ACTFA / AQAFHE

THANK YOU FOR

YOUR ATTENTION!