high speed damen interceptor 1102 craft speed craft q damen shipyards group – history, facts,...

High Speed High Speed CraftCraft

The Development of the Damen Interceptor 1102

Damen Interceptor 1102Damen Interceptor 1102Executive SummaryExecutive Summary


ContentsContentsDamen Interceptor 1102Damen Interceptor 1102


Q Damen Shipyards Group – History, Facts, Figures

Q High Speed Craft - Ranges

Q Proven Design

Q Typical Interceptor Requirements

Q Hull Form

Q Stability

Q Boat Trim

Q Boat Handling

Q Crew Ergonomics & Safety

Q Communications

Q Structural Design

Q Structural Materials - Composites Choices

Q Propulsor Choice – Volvo DPR

Q Engine Choice – Volvo D6

ContentsContentsDamen Interceptor 1102Damen Interceptor 1102


Damen Shipyards GroupDamen Shipyards Group

Damen Shipyards Group turnover (2008)Damen Shipyards Group turnover (2008) 1.7001.700 MM€€Employees:Employees:•• The NetherlandsThe Netherlands 2.3002.300•• AbroadAbroad 5.7005.700Operating Companies:Operating Companies:•• The NetherlandsThe Netherlands 1717•• AbroadAbroad 1717Delivered in 2008:Delivered in 2008:•• Tugs / WorkboatsTugs / Workboats 7878•• Offshore VesselsOffshore Vessels 99•• High Speed Craft & FerriesHigh Speed Craft & Ferries 4646•• Dredging & SpecialsDredging & Specials 1010•• Cargo Vessels/Inland & CoastalCargo Vessels/Inland & Coastal 1818•• Naval & YachtsNaval & Yachts 55

History, facts, figuresHistory, facts, figures


Damen Shipyards is a family owned company which was founded in 1927.

In 1969 Damen was still a traditional yard, managed by two brothers, both having a son working in the company. At that moment the company was specialized in small workboats, e.g. for the dredging industry.

One of the sons, Kommer Damen, developed the idea of taking hulls, superstructures and propulsion systems on stock in order to be able to offer short delivery times combined with limited options for customization. These modernist ideas of Kommer Damen were not well received by all involved. In the end, the owners/brothers decided to retire and the company was split in two parts. Each of the sons got one of these parts and both were free to follow their own strategy from that moment.

Kommer Damen immediately started to carry out his ideas. As the capacity of his yard was too limited to build on stock, he decided to subcontract hulls and superstructures to small local yards in the surrounding villages.

Nowadays, a lot has changed. In 40 years, Damen has grown from 8 to 8000 employees, working in 34 operating companies worldwide. The basic strategy however is still the same, be it that nowadays complete vessels are built on stock all over the world by Damen.

Damen Shipyards GroupDamen Shipyards GroupHistory, facts, figuresHistory, facts, figures

High Speed High Speed CraftCraft RangesRanges

High Speed CraftHigh Speed Craft

Damen InterceptorsStan Patrols

Fast Crew SuppliersStan PilotsStan Tenders


High Speed Craft is the Product Group which is responsible for all high speed craft, except Ferries.

During the years, High Speed Craft has developed the following ranges of standard vessels:

• Damen Interceptors : Ultra high speed boats for Police Forces, Coast Guards and Navies

• Damen Stan Patrols : Patrol vessels from 12 to 50 m (40’ to 165’) for Coast Guards and Navies

• Damen Fast Crew Suppliers : Fast workboats for the offshore industry

• Damen Stan Tenders : Multi purpose boats for all kinds of operators

• Damen Stan Pilots : Boats completely optimized for pilotage

High Speed CraftHigh Speed CraftRangesRanges


Damen Interceptor 1102Damen Interceptor 1102Proven DesignProven Design

One year prototype testing:• Seaport Police Rotterdam• Netherlands Coastguard• Royal Netherlands Navy• Coastguard Neth. Antilles


The design of the Damen Interceptor 1102 is based on years of experience with the 15 m (50’) Interceptors delivered by Damen to the Anti Smuggling Task Force of the Hong Kong Police.

During the design and development of the Damen Interceptor 1102, much attention has been given to crew ergonomics and safety. Mock-ups of the cockpit were built to optimize the position of controls and equipment.

It was decided to build a prototype and test this boat for one year. This test period had two major goals:• Finding weak points in the construction and the propulsion system• Further optimization of the concept

In order to get the best “real world” testing available, Damen has asked a selection of customers to use the boat in their operations for longer periods. Amongst these customers were Police Forces, Coastguards and Navies.

All feedback was analyzed and many improvements were incorporated in the design, after which the series production of the Damen Interceptor 1102 was started.

The result is a very reliable and extremely efficient high-speed workhorse for demanding customers.

Damen Interceptor 1102Damen Interceptor 1102Proven DesignProven Design


Damen Interceptor 1102Damen Interceptor 1102Typical Interceptor RequirementsTypical Interceptor Requirements


Speed is the most obvious criterion for an interceptor. A sufficient margin of speed is required for catching a target.

Speed on flat water however is not of the highest importance. What counts is the speed that can be maintained in waves. Good sea-keeping abilities give a distinct speed edge in the real “not-flat-water”world.

Speed means light weight. However, light weight must obviously not be achieved with a fragile structure or over-stretched propulsion machinery (low reliability, high maintenance costs).

Manoeuvrability is vital if targets are very agile, such as small open boats with outboard motors.

An Interceptor is a workboat, designed to be used in difficult situations. Therefore ergonomics are of utmost importance. The consoles for the helmsman and the navigator of the Damen Interceptor 1102 have been designed and optimized to offer no-nonsense and logical work stations to suit special operations and high accelerations.

Damen Interceptor 1102Damen Interceptor 1102Typical Interceptor RequirementsTypical Interceptor Requirements


Damen Interceptor 1102Damen Interceptor 1102Hull FormHull Form


The hull form of the Damen Interceptor 1102 is a very simple single chine deep V.

The advantages of this hull form are:• Reduction of impact accelerations in higher sea states• Improved high speed manoeuvrability• Reduced resistance at high speeds by allowing wetted area to reduce

As well as at the chines, spray rails at the bottom reduce the wetted area and improve dynamic stability.

Although steps in the bottom would produce 3 knots extra top speed in calm conditions, it was decided not to apply these on the Damen Interceptor 1102, as they have serious disadvantages:• A boat with steps has a harder “ride” in waves• In rough conditions, steps cause a high added drag• Stepped hulls have the tendency to broach in steep turns• At low speed, stepped hulls have a higher resistance

In the race boat world, steps are very popular, as flat water top speed is the most important characteristic there. For Interceptors, completely different qualities should be preferred: control and safety.The boat should protect the crew at any time, speed and condition – and should react mildly on handling mistakes, which will occur in the tough world of high-speed law enforcement.This is exactly what the single chine non-stepped hull of the Damen Interceptor 1102 does.

Damen Interceptor 1102Damen Interceptor 1102Hull FormHull Form


Damen Interceptor 1102Damen Interceptor 1102StabilityStability


The Damen Interceptor 1102 has an excellent stability, which is needed:• For safe steep turns in waves• In case the helmsman makes a mistake in rough conditions

The boat must look after the crew and give them confidence to win a chase:• A large angle of vanishing stability is important, to survive serious handling mistakes in rough conditions• A good reserve of stability is needed with large freeing ports, in case of “stuffing”(i.e. getting the throttling wrong and driving the boat under the next wave, flooding the cockpit)

In a typical loading condition (trial load,: 4.66 tonnes), the Damen Interceptor 1102 is stable to a heel angle of 108 degrees.

Damen Interceptor 1102Damen Interceptor 1102StabilityStability


Damen Interceptor 1102Damen Interceptor 1102Boat TrimBoat Trim


The driver of a Damen Interceptor 1102 has full control over the trim of the boat, at any speed.

This is very important for a high-speed boat, as the Longitudinal Centre of Gravity must be balanced with the hull form all the time:• Trim too low (bow down): Slower boat and inclined to broach• Trim too high (bow up): Poor sea-keeping and inclined to porpoise

The controls available for trimming the Damen Interceptor are:• Trimable drives, to adapt to different load & weather conditions

- low speed: drives deep, good for acceleration and limiting trim (view forward) - high speed: drives higher, keeping the bow up for speed and waves

• Trim flaps, to compensate heel due to cross winds

Damen Interceptor 1102Damen Interceptor 1102Boat TrimBoat Trim


Damen Interceptor 1102Damen Interceptor 1102Boat HandlingBoat Handling


With increasing speed, wave impact becomes the most important issue for high speed boats. The helmsman of the Damen Interceptor can have a large influence on this, as he controls both the steering wheel and the throttles. His position is in front of the rest of the crew, not only to give him optimal view to read the waves, but also to make sure that he fully realizes the wave impacts, being in the least comfortable position on board. This protects the rest of the crew – who have to be as fit as possible when coming into action when the target is reached.

The helmsman normally drives with one hand on the wheel, the other on the throttles.This position provides the best and most direct control:• Throttle open: Bow rises• Throttle closed: Bow drops • Fast throttle response gives good trim effect• A small change in boat course relative to the wave direction can greatly improve transit times • Boat-wave resonance can be avoided by changing speed, trim or direction• Higher speeds sometimes reduce slamming• Driving in waves: Sometimes best to put power on & keep bow up

Damen Interceptor 1102Damen Interceptor 1102Boat HandlingBoat Handling


Damen Interceptor 1102Damen Interceptor 1102Crew Ergonomics & SafetyCrew Ergonomics & Safety


In design, prototype construction and full scale testing, crew ergonomics and safety played a major role.

Seats for efficient operationsThe Damen Interceptor is standard fitted with shock mitigating Ullman jockey seats.These provide secure seating, ample space for belt-carried equipment and allow sufficient freedom of movement.

Controls at handControls, instruments and switches are positioned at the most logical locations. The right control at the right place, the most important ones positioned without any compromise to ergonomics.The wheel and throttle have been selected for comfort, as they are operated full time by the helmsman.Setting switches is next to impossible at high speed in waves. In order to keep this functionality, the location of switches has been selected such that the operator’s hand can be braced against a part of the console when setting the switches.

Helmsman’s positionAs explained on the previous page, the helmsman is forward where it is most uncomfortable. In this position he will drive the boat better and will look after the crew and passengers.

GrabrailsThe Damen Interceptor 1102 is fitted with ample grabrails to give the necessary support to the crew.

Damen Interceptor 1102Damen Interceptor 1102Crew Ergonomics & SafetyCrew Ergonomics & Safety


Damen Interceptor 1102Damen Interceptor 1102CommunicationsCommunications


Damen Interceptor 1102Damen Interceptor 1102CommunicationsCommunications

Sailing an open high-speed boat is quite noisy, especially caused by the self-made force 11 windspeed.

As this makes normal communication very hard – if not impossible – the Damen Interceptor 1102 is fitted with an intercom system which is integrated in the crew helmets.

The helmet of the nav/comms crewman can interface with the radios of the Damen Interceptor 1102.


Damen Interceptor 1102Damen Interceptor 1102Structural DesignStructural Design

Aluminiumconstruction


The Damen Interceptor 1102 is built in epoxy/glass/carbon/sandwich. Compared to a lightweight aluminium construction (picture top right, 15 m Damen Interceptor for Hong Kong Police), a composite hull is significantly simpler, lighter and stronger. Besides, the carbon & glass sandwich composite hull has a much higher resistance against fatigue and overloading.

Interceptors can fall outside normal design standards e.g. Classification, Flag Authorities, due to the special nature of these boats.

Design loads are difficult to predict, as slamming loads (wave impact) are highly dependent on the speed, the sea-state and the driver skill. By lack of objective design loads, the Damen Interceptor 1102 has been designed to be “stronger than the crew concerned”. This way, the helmsman will throttle back before any damage to the hull construction is done, because he is frightened to damage himself or his crew.

Contrary to slower small boats, global bending is important for Interceptors, especially with lots of the deck cut away for a cockpit or flexibly mounted wheelhouse. As slamming loads cause high bending moments, a large amount of uni-directional carbon fibre was applied in the cockpit coamings.

Damen Interceptor 1102Damen Interceptor 1102Structural DesignStructural Design


Damen Interceptor 1102Damen Interceptor 1102Structural Materials Structural Materials -- CompositesComposites


For an Interceptor, limitation of weight is extremely important, as for high speed boats weight is the natural enemy of speed.

Composite constructions can have a very high strength to weight ratio, depending on materials selected.Conventional CSM glass in polyester tends to be heavier than aluminium, but carbon reinforced epoxy typically is much lighter than aluminium.

Apart from the all-important weight advantage of composites, there are several more merits to be mentioned:• Freedom in shape: as composite constructions are built in a mould, any shape is possible• No corrosion problems, whereas aluminium can cause serious problems if not treated well

A composite structure can be engineered for specific requirements, as the orientation of the (load carrying) fibres can be aligned with the stress direction. Besides, different types of fibres (glass, carbon, aramid) can be combined in composite constructions, making use of their specific characteristics.

Contrary to an aluminium construction, plates are stiffened with very few external stiffeners, and by the application of a foam core in the plate itself. This gives high stiffness for low weight, some thermal and noise insulation, and better impact resistance than single skin constructions. It also gives a clean, uncluttered finish.

Damen Interceptor 1102Damen Interceptor 1102Structural Materials Structural Materials -- CompositesComposites


Damen Interceptor 1102Damen Interceptor 1102PropulsorPropulsor Choice: Volvo DPRChoice: Volvo DPR


The propulsor options for Interceptors are limited to stern drives, surface props, waterjets and outboards.

Stern drives are quite light, have great trim control, very good manoeuvrability and efficiency and can absorb reasonable impact. They do not have disadvantages.

Surface propellers have a high efficiency at high speed and are quite strong. On the downside, they have a very high torque at low speed, overloading the engines, reasonable high speed manoeuvrability but poor low speed manoeuvrability. Surface props are the right choice for high powered high-speed boats.

Waterjets offer good manoeuvrability and stopping characteristics, have a reasonable efficiency and are well protected against damage. They however are limited in speed (no thrust for quite some time when out of the water), suffer from internal marine growth, can block with debris and are heavy. Waterjets on small vessels are great in the speed range 30-45 knots, but do not come up to the mark at higher speeds.

Outboards are very light, offer good trim control, manoeuvrability and propulsive efficiency. The drawbacks of outboards however are poor fuel economy, the type of fuel (petrol), the vulnerability and the reliability. Basically, Damen is of the opinion that outboards are not fit for professional use.

The logical choice for the relatively low powered Damen Interceptor 1102 was Volvo DPR sterndrives, as they combine inboard diesel reliability and excellent propulsive efficiency (counter rotating propellers) with great manoeuvrability, trim control and reliability.

Damen Interceptor 1102Damen Interceptor 1102PropulsorPropulsor Choice: Volvo DPRChoice: Volvo DPR


Damen Interceptor 1102Damen Interceptor 1102Engine Choice: Volvo D6Engine Choice: Volvo D6


The engine options for Interceptors are in principle limited to diesel engines. In the past Damen has built Interceptors with petrol engines, as diesel engines with a sufficiently high power to weight ratio were not yet available then (three pictures at the right side). The petrol engines were necessary to reach the required speed, at the cost of huge fuel consumption, high maintenance cost, mediocre reliability and reduced safety. With the latest generation commercial diesel engines, petrol engines can be regarded obsolete for Interceptors.

The Damen Interceptor 1102 is fitted with a twin engine Volvo D6 arrangement, offering a combination of relatively low cost (Commercial Off the Shelf equipment), light weight, good reliability and great fuel economy.

The Volvo D6 engine is rated for high ambient temperatures and is capable for loitering for extended periods of time. In combination with the Volvo D6 engine, this is the perfect choice for a light weight high-speed boat.

Damen Interceptor 1102Damen Interceptor 1102Engine Choice: Volvo D6Engine Choice: Volvo D6


Damen Interceptor 1102Damen Interceptor 1102DataData

YesSHORE SUPPLY

2xBATTERY SETS

12V d.c. NETWORK

ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

Volvo DP-RSTERNDRIVES

2x 370 bhpTOTAL POWER

2x Volvo D6MAIN ENGINES

PROPULSION SYSTEM

230nm (10% reserve)ENDURANCE

55+ kn.MAXIMUM SPEED

40.0 kn.CRUISING SPEED

PERFORMANCE (TRIALS)

4 personsPASSENGERS

2 personsCREW

470 lFUEL OIL (TOTAL)

CAPACITIES

0.95 mSTERNDRIVES

0.71 mDRAUGHT KEEL

2.49 mBEAM (INCLUDING FENDERS)

10.97mLENGTH O.A.

DIMENSIONS

Bureau Veritas Hull MACH, Special Service / Interceptor, Coastal area

CLASSIFICATION (OPTIONAL)

Anti-smuggling interceptor duties, Marine patrol and surveillance in territorial seas, Marine law enforcement operations, Special forces operations, Rapid response actions, Supporting offshore and fast patrol vessels during operations

BASIC FUNCTIONS

E-glass and Carbon fibreHULL & DECK MATERIAL

GENERAL

BALLISTIC PROTECTION UP TO 20 MM DYNEEMA (850 M/S BULLETS) (OPTIONAL)

4 WATERTIGHT COMPARTMENTS

DI 1102 ON ROAD TRAILER FITS IN A STANDARD 40’ CONTAINER(FENDERS, ROOF + MAST REMOVED)

TRANSPORTABLE ON ROAD TRAILER

VARIOUS

Graytronics - ULTRACREW INTERCOM

Raymarine E120 chartplotter/radar/depthGPS/DGPS

2x ICOMVHF’S

Raymarine 2kWRADAR

Raymarine Fluxgate + Ritchie MagneticCOMPASS

1x 100W, 12VSEARCHLIGHT

NAUTICAL, SURVEILLANCE AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT

Marinex Fire “Aerosol” (MCA approved)FIRE EXTINGUISHING

Electro-hydraulicTRIM TABS

Full power steering, manual back-upSTEERING

2xENGINE ROOM FANS

4x hand operated, 3x electrically drivenBILGE PUMPS

AUXILIARY SYSTEMS

Special seating for high-speed boatsSEATING

Resilient elastomer covered foam fenderFENDERING

1x 4,5 kg Fortress (aluminium)ANCHOR EQUIPMENT

DECK LAY-OUT

high speed damen interceptor 1102 craft speed craft q damen shipyards group – history, facts,...

Documents