HI 227RUSSIA: 1613-1905

Overview

Course Description, Requirements

Main Themes

I. Geographical Factors

II. Historical Experience

III. Patterns, Processes

IV. 17th Century Muscovy

V. Conclusions

I. Historical Geography

A. Key determinants1. Size2. Vegetation and soil3. Extreme northern location4. Topography5. Climate6. Mineral resources7. Landlocked

B. Consequences1. Economic 2. Demographic3. Political

MAP OF RUSSIA

II. Historical Experience

A. Pre-Kievan, to 860

B. Kiev Rus, 860-1240

C. Mongol/appanage, 1240-1480

D. Muscovy, 1480-1689

Kiev Rus (862-1240)

Madonna Icon

Boris and Gleb Icon (14th century)

Mongol Conquest 1237-40

Alexander Nevsky

Alexander Nevsky Icon

Andrei Rublev: Holy Trinity1390s

St. Sergius Blesses Dmitry Donskoi (1380)

Russian Growth

Ivan the Terrible

Ivan Groznyi (1937 Film)

Vasilii the Blessed Cathedral

Ivan the Terrible Charter (1552)

Repin: Ivan IV and Son (1581)

III. Patterns, Processes

A. “Eurasia”

B. Myth of autocracy

C. Historical memory

D. Particularism

E. Social inversion

F. Territorial expansion

G. De-russification

IV. 17th-Century Muscovy

A. Intro: 1. Themes

2. Sources

3. Historiography

IV. 17th-Century Muscovy

B. Polity

1. Autocracy as monocracy

2. Rise of bureaucracy

3. Law

4. Army

5. Finances

17th Century Monarchs

• Boris Godunov, Vasilii Shuiskii and others, 1598-1613

• Mikhail Romanov, 1613-1645• Tsar Alexis, 1645-1676• Fedor, 1676-1682• Sofia as regent for Peter and Ivan V, 1682-1689• Peter I, 1689-1725

Boris Godunov (1598-1605)

Mikhail Romanov (r. 1613-45)

Patriarch Filaret (Romanov)

Tsar Alexis

Alexis and Boyar Duma

Zemskii Sobor 1645

Ulozhenie (Law Code) of 1649

Ulozhenie of 1649: Printed Text

Fedor

Sophia

Repin: Sofia at Novodevichii

IV. 17th-Century Muscovy

C. Empire-building

1. Siberia: Eastward expansion

2. Southwest: partial gains

3. South & Northwest: stalemate

Muscovy: 17th Century

IV. 17th-Century Muscovy

D. Economy, Society, Revolt1. Economic recovery2. Social orders:

nobilitytownspeopleclergypeasantry

3. Social Disorders: Urban Revolt Stenka Razin

“Stenka” Razin

Razin: Execution (1672)

Razin Beer

IV. 17th-Century Muscovy

E. Culture1. Emergence of elite, proto-Westernization

2. Schism

Patriarch Nikon

Archpriest Avvakum Icon

Surikov: Boyarina Morozova

Storming Solovetskii Monastery

V. Conclusions: Some Dates and Numbers

Dates988 Adoption of Eastern Christianity1240 Mongol Conquest1480 Emancipation from Mongols1547 Coronation of Tsar Ivan IV (Terrible)1598 End of Riurik Dynasty1598-1613 Time of Troubles1613 Founding of Romanov Dynasty1649 Ulozhenie (Law Code)

Table 1: Population Growth (millions)

Country 1480 1680 1780 1913

Russia 2.5 10.2 27.8 159.0

Britain 3.7 5.5 9.6 41.5

Germany 0.8 1.4 5.5 67.0

France 12.6 18.8 25.1 39.8

Table 2: Population Density (per sq. km)

Country 1500 1680 1913

Russia 5.8 0.2 7.5

Britain 23 32 182

Germany 16 124

US 0.1 12.3

France 31 36 74

Table 3: Urban Population (% of total population)

Country 1800 1890 1920

Russia 3.0 7.2 15.0

Britain 21.3 72.1 78.0

Germany 26.5 37.7 51.4

Table 4: Territorial Growth

Year Area (sq. km.)

1328 1,554

1462 38,849

1553 103,600

1646 14,100,000

1796 16,600,000

1914 21,800,000

Table 5: Population with 1646 Core(percent of total population)

Year % in 1646Core % in Annexed

1646 100.0 0.0

1719` 87.2 12.8

1796 63.6 36.4

1858 54.8 45.2

1897 40.3 59.7

1914 40.9 59.1

Table 6: Ethnic Makeup of Russian Empire

Ethnic Group

1719 1795 1914

Russian 70.7 62.3 44.6

Ukrainian 12.9 19.8 18.1

Belorussian 2.4 8.3 4.0

Poles 6.2 6.5

Jews 1.4 4.2

Others 14.0 2.0 22.6