Proposal for an HFGW Frequency Time Standard

for Telecommunication Network Optimization

Executive Summary Rev. B1, 10/18/06

G.V. Stephenson, C. Harper, & R.M.L. Baker Jr. PhD

HFGW FTS Proposal Executive Summary

Concept: HFGW FTS to enable a dramatic improvement in telecommunication bandwidth usage efficiencies

What do we plan to do?

(60,-150) (60,120)

(-30,-60) (-30,30)

Large HFGW TransmitterGround Stations

Part 1: build 4 HFGW ground stations

Part 2: develop MEMS HFGW Receivers for cell phones

What are the benefits?

• Part 1: Search Space Improvement

Pha

se s

pace

Code Syn

c

Frequency search spaceSearch spaceUsing freq & time standards

Search spaceWithout using freq & time standards

Pha

se s

pace

Code Syn

c

Frequency search spaceSearch spaceUsing freq & time standards

Search spaceWithout using freq & time standards

(c ) Low Noise 8PSK.

I

Q

(a) QPSK. (d) Low Noise 16-PSK.

Q

(b) Low Noise QPSK.

I

(c ) Low Noise 8PSK.

I

Q

(a) QPSK. (d) Low Noise 16-PSK.

Q

(b) Low Noise QPSK.

I

(c ) Low Noise 8PSK.

I

Q

(a) QPSK. (d) Low Noise 16-PSK.

Q

(b) Low Noise QPSK.

I

• Part 2: Phase Noise Reduction

Larger Guard Bands

PSD

Frequency

Smaller Guard Bands

PSD

Frequency

High Freq NoiseCase

Low Freq NoiseCase

Fewer Freq Symbols More Freq

Symbols

(a) Frequency Division Multiple Access.

High Freq NoiseCase

Low Freq NoiseCase

(b) Frequency Hop Spread Spectrum.

Larger Guard Bands

PSD

Frequency

Smaller Guard Bands

PSD

Frequency

High Freq NoiseCase

Low Freq NoiseCase

Fewer Freq Symbols More Freq

Symbols

(a) Frequency Division Multiple Access.

High Freq NoiseCase

Low Freq NoiseCase

(b) Frequency Hop Spread Spectrum.

PSD

Frequency

PSD

Frequency

Smaller Guard Bands

PSD

Frequency

PSD

Frequency

High Freq NoiseCase

Low Freq NoiseCase

Fewer Freq Symbols More Freq

Symbols

(a) Frequency Division Multiple Access.

High Freq NoiseCase

Low Freq NoiseCase

(b) Frequency Hop Spread Spectrum.

• Part 3: Frequency Reference Improvement

What is the value?Net Present Value Estimation

• Cash Flow Positive on Year 4 - four years from mature, lab proven technology• Net Present Value estimate based on 10 years of operation: $ 51.5 Billion

What will make it happen?Phase 1: HFGW Detection Experiment

US Pats. 6417597 and 6784591, P.R. China Pat. 100558822 and Patents Pending

Stainless Steel & Titanium Vacuum / Cryogenic Containment Vessel and Faraday Cage (7.5(10)^-7 Torr, <480mK)

2 meters

4.9 GHz, 10W microwave transmitterfocused at fractal membrane

9T, 61mm gap Superconductor magnet

What will make it happen?Phase 1: Scale of HFGW Detection Equipment

What will make it happen?Phase 2: HFGW Generation Experiment

Micro Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) Configuration uses existing technology applied in a new way to reduce cost and risk.

US Pats. 6417597 and 6784591, P.R. China Pat. 100558822 and Patents Pending

GWRadiators

Emitted GWRadiation

Pattern

GWDetector

Bi-modalMagnetron

Arrays

Electro-MechanicalFBAR induced

acceleration change

PhaseCoherent

Drive

3 km

FBAR

M

FBAR

M

FBAR

M

FBAR

M

FBAR

M

FBAR

M

FBAR

M

FBAR

M

Accel. Change(“Jerk”) Vector

fy

fy

What will it cost?What is the payback?

How much will it cost?

• To fund detection and generation experiments (Phase 1 & 2) for proof of concept:Plans and Specifications 4 MillionFabrication 6 MillionTest 5 MillionCushion 5 Million

Proof of Concept Phase 20 Million (for both experiments)

• HFGW FTS Infrastructure Development, Phase 3:Development of HFGW FTS receivers for cell phone use 25 MillionManufacture of cell phone HFGW FTS receivers 25 MillionFour stations @ 25 Million each 100 Million

• Total Developmental Cost (Phases 1,2,& 3) 170 Million

How much and how will it pay back?

Licensing and Technical Support:5% of 50 Billion in 10 years or 2.5 Billion

~ Backup Slides ~HFGW Frequency Time Standardfor Telecommunication Network

Optimization

Executive Summary Rev. B1, 10/18/06

What is the value?Improvement Value Estimation

• For search space improvements we choose 25%. • For higher density phase encoding due to phase noise improvement, we choose

200%. • For frequency-based improvements, we choose 25% for an overall raw capacity

improvement floor of 250%. • For better beam-forming due to precision positioning, we choose not to include this

technology in the low side estimate since it is somewhat speculative. For the high side estimate 50% is used.

• For cell-handoff and precision Quality of Service (QoS) improvements due to precision timing, we choose an overall value improvement of 200%. Here, we apply the term QoS to network usage prioritization and predictability with respect to performance parameters including delay, error rate, and throughput.

• Even as a floor, we significantly reduce these expected low-side improvements prior to further use in our dollar valuation model to reinforce its conservative nature.

TABLE 1. HFGW Technical Improvement Value Estimate.

Low-Side Technical Improvement (High-Side Reference) Search Space 25% 50% High Density Phase Enc. 200% 400% Frequency Noise (TBE) 25% 50% Positioning/Beam Forming 0% 50%

Raw Capacity Improvement 250% 550%

+ Precision QoS Enablement 200% 1000%

Model's Simplifying Multiplier: 450% 1550%

What is the value?Subscriber Value Estimation

• Applying these multipliers to a conventional High Bit Rate Wireless Market Offer (conservatively—for this model—priced at $100/month/2Mbps), we obtain a reference MRC/subscriber low-side value added due to the HFGW FTS of $275 (Table 2).

• Note that MRC = Monthly Recurring Charge. This includes a 25% $/mbps discount from conventional costs due to supply increase and demand elasticity.

• Further, in all significant cash flows (post year 2), we utilize a still more conservative estimate ranging from ~75-15% of this reference value.

TABLE 2. HFGW MRC Subscriber Added Value Estimate. Reference MRC / Subscriber Value Add Mbps $/month $/Mbps/mo High Bit Rate Wireless Market Offer 2 $ 100 $ 50

Simplifying 2.5x bit rate multiplier from raw capacity improvement 5 $ 188 $ 37.50 *

Simplifying 2x $value multiplier from precision timing/QoS enablement 5 $ 375 $ 75

Reference: MRC/subscriber low-side value add due to HFGW FTS $ 275 * 25% $/mbps discount from conventional

What will make it happen? Suggested Next Steps

• First Step – Design, develop, fund, and perform HFGW detection experiments to detect background (relic) GW radiation to prove detection technology.– One example approach: Li, Baker, & Chen, 2007

• Second Step – Design, develop, fund, and perform HFGW generation experiments to generate GW radiation in a laboratory environment.– One example approach: Woods & Baker, 2005– Use previously proven detection approach

• Near Term Development – Develop and miniaturize HFGW technology for use in the FTS application.

• Long Term Follow-on – Develop HFGW technology for use as a communication medium.

Early Technology Adoptersfor HFGW Frequency Time

Standards

G.V. Stephenson, 28 Oct 2006

Some Options for the Early Adoption of Frequency Time Standard HFGW Technology

• Supplemental FTS to Improve Navigational Systems– A central reference HFGW transmitter could be built– HFGW Receivers could be placed on each GPS satellite– The result would be a reduction in FTS errors of GPS

• Supplemental FTS for High Speed Network Improvement– Very high speed networks require GPS conditioned FTS to maximize

transmission rates– The use of higher accuracy HFGW FTS would allow even higher bandwidth

data rates by allowing more accurate frame sync

• The Ultimate in Survivable Strategic Communication– Strategic com does not require high bandwidths– Low bandwidth communications could be achieved by buried first

generation HFGW devices– Buried transmitters and receivers would be impossible to destroy