HEWLETT-PACKARD

Creating Your OwnHP-41 Bar Code

MANUAL

A eadicano

Creating Your OwnHP-41 Bar Code

Manual

March 1981

82153-90019

Printed in U.S.A. © Hewlett-Packard Company, 1981

Contents

Inreduction ... .o e 5

Section 1: Description of Bar Code Types 7Program Bar COde .................. 7Direct Execution (Complete Functlon) Bar Code 8Data Bar Code .. 9

Standard Data 9Sequenced Data .. 10

Paper Keyboard Bar C 11

Section 2: Physical Specifications 13

Size and Shape ............ 13 Paper and Ink Considerations .

Section 3: Sample Software ......Generating Program Type Bar CodePRGMBR Syntax ...PRGMBR Program Li

Generating Other Bar Code TypesFULFCN Syntax ......FULFCN Program Listing

Section 4: Algorithms .. TRChecksum Algorithms

Eight-bit (One byte) ChecksumFour-bit Checksum .......

Program Bar Code Algorithms .Labels ..ExecuteGo To ..Store and Recall ...Alpha Text Strings . .End ...........Header Algorithms .

Other Bar Code AlgorithmsDirect Execution (Complete Function Code) Algorithms.Numeric Data Functions .Alpha Data Functions..

Appendix A: Flowcharts

PRGMBRFULFCN

Appendix B: HP-85A Adaptations of PRGMBR and FULFCN . 67

PRGMBR . 68FULFCN .. .75

Contents 3

Figures1 Program Typs Bar Code .. 82 Direct Execution Type Bar Code 83 Numeric Data Type Bar Gode 94 Alpha Data Type Bar Code .. 95 Sequenced Data Bar Gode (Rev. F and Following) 108 Configuration of HP-41 Bar Code ...... 137 20-Mil Bar Code Having Excessive Stroke-width Error 148 Preferred Wand Orientation . 159 Different Module Width BarCt 16

Tables

| Bar Size Specifications ...Il Commands for Program “PRGMBR” .Il HP-41 FunctionTable ............ .IV Numeric Values for A-J, a-e, and The StackV. HP-82143A Printer Character Set

Introduction

The objective of this manual is 1o provide a technical base for generating HP-41 bar code, that is, the information

necessary for you to develop your own bar codeprinting capability tailored to your specific computer-printer/plotter

system.

The minimum system needed is as simple as a minicomputer with a plotter or a printer. An example system would be an

HP 85A Personal Computer using an HP 7225A Plotter or an HP 2631G dot matrix printer.

Auny mini (or larger) computer with a BASIC compiler that has 16K bytes of user memory will be able 1o compile andrun, with modifications for specific BASIC implementations, the sample software listed in this manual. The input

needed to generatethe desired bar code for an HP-41 program listing and/or HP-41 functions can be entered through a

terminal. As an alternative input method, the generation program may be altered to accept punched cards or paper

tape.

1f you usea plotter it must be ableto create solid, dense linesat least .015 " in width for a narrow bar and atleast .030"

in width for a wide bar. Alphanumeric capability is also desirable but not necessary.

The software provided in the main body of this manual was written in HP-9845A BASIC, and was used to print bar

code on a Diablo 1650 Daisy Wheel Printer with a ““Titan 10”” 96-character wheel. Appendix A contains flow charts for

these programs, and’ Appendix B contains the listings of the same programs adapted into HP-85A BASIC. A com-

parison of the differences between the HP-9845A and HP-85A BASICs may help you with your custom adaptations.

6 Introduction

You probably will havea different hardware configuration than was used 1o produce the two programsin this manual.

In that case you will not only have to adapt the language used but also it will be necessary to rewrite the sections that

actually print the bar code. For PRGMBR thesections that deal with the actual printing begin on line 1650 and line

4460; for FULFCN that section begins on line 5760.

You may find that at sometime you will need a higher guality bar code than your system can produce. If this situation

arisesit is reccommended that you contact:

George Lithograph

620 Second Street

San Francisco, CA 94107

(415) 397-2400

Section 1

Description of Bar Code Types

There are four categories of bar code used by the HP-4) and HP-82153A Wand:

@ Program Bar Code

@ Direct Execution Bar Code (Complete Key Phrases)

& Data Bar Code

® Paper Keyboard Bar Code {Individual Keystrokes)

Every bar code row has overhead (header) information includedin the left-most positions. This header provides the

meansforerror checking and signals the HP-41 asto which type of code the Wand isreading. A header can be as short

as 4 bits (single byte Paper Keyboard), oras long as 24 bits (program and sequential data). In thissection the physical

makeup ofeach type is outlined.

Every row also has two start bars at the beginning of the bar code row, and two stop barsat the end of the row. These

are used by thecircuitry within the wand module to determine scan direction. These start and stop bars are not included

in the figures for this section, but you must be sure to include them in your finished bar code row.

Program Bar Code

Program type bar code contains the necessary information to load program steps into the HP-41’s memory. Each row

contains the actual program steps, preceded by a three-byte header.

IIIII||Il||||IIIIl|||II|HI||II|||II|||I|||IIIII||II|||||||||I|I|||||||I||I||IIIIIII||l||IIII||IIIII|||||IIIIIIIIIIIIIII|III|I||I|I|IlHEADER PROGRAM INFORMATION

START sTopBARS BARS

You have the optionto make your program bar code privateif you wish. The HP-41 and the wand can work togetherto

provide a security system that will preventaccidentalalteration or reproduction of important programs.If 2 program is

made “‘private” in bar code, when it is read into the HP-41, it cannot be viewed,altered,or reproduced through normal

operations.

& Description of Bar Code Types

Inevery Program bar code row, thefirst field in the header contains the checksum. This is a running eight-bit sumwith

end-around carry of the current row and all preceding rows. The second field, containing the next four bits in the

header, indicates the type of program; non-private or private. If the field is set to ‘1,the program is non-private; if

thefield is set to *‘2” the program is private. Thethird field which specifies the row sequence number (modulo 16),is

four-bits wide. This field triggers an error message in the HP-41 if a row of Program bar code is scanned out ofse-

quence. The fourth field, which contains four bits, specifies the number ofbytes at the beginning of the current row

that are part of a multiple byte function carried over from the previous row. The fifth field concludes the header. This

field specifies the number of bytes at the end of the current row thatare part of a multiple byte calculator function that

begins, butis not completed, in that row. The remainder ofthe barsin the row contain the actual HP-41 program infor-

mation.

A B C D E F

HEADER PROGRAM INFORMATION

8 bit Checksum {(End-around Carry)

4 bit Type Indicator (Set to One or Two)4 bit Sequence Number (Mod 16)4 bit Number of Leading Broken Function Bytes

4 bit Number of Trailing Broken Function Bytes

24 bits = 3 Byte Header

F Up to 13 Bytes of Program Information

moow>

Figure 1. Program Type Bar Code

Direct Execution (Complete Function) Bar Code

Many HP-41 functions require multiple keystrokes. With Direct Execution type bar code, thuse keystrokes can bereplaced by one row of bar cods. A row of Direct Execution bar code has two bytes of headerinformation plus up totwelve bytes of the function code.

As with other types of bar code,thefirst eight bitsof the header contain the checksum. This is a local, end-around carry

checksum. The next four bitsin the headerareset to the value “‘4”” to indicate the Direct Execution type. Thelast four

bits of the headerfield are not used, and should beset to zero.

A B C D

HEADER COMPLETE FUNCTION CODE

A 8 bit Ghecksum (End-around Carry)B 4 bit Type Indicator (Set to Four)Cc 4 bit Unused (Set to Zero)

16 bits = 2 Byte HeaderD Up to 12 Bytes for Function Code

Figure 2. Direct Execution Type Bar Code

Descriptionof Bar Code Types @

Data Bar Code

Data type bar code can contain either a number or an alphanumeric string. A number may have up to 29 digits,

however internally the HP-41 has only ten digits in the mantissa and two digitsin the exponent. An alphanumeric string

may be as long as fourteen characters (ASCII bytes).

Standard Data

‘When numeric data is read it is loaded into the X-register. Alphanumeric data is either appended 1o the current con-

tents of the Alpharegister, or the Alpharegisteris cleared before thestringis loaded. The wand function

overrides the normal destination of the data by storing whatis scanned into the HP-41 data storage registers indicated

by the contents of the X-register. (Referto page 11, , in the HP 82153A Wand Owners Manual.)

The Data bar code overhead information is contained in the leftmost twelve bits for the numeric data type and the left-

mostsixteen bits for the Alpha data types. Forall data types, the first byte is an end-around carry checksum. The type

field (next fourbits)is set to ““6”” for numeric, 7" for alpha-replace, and ‘8" for alpha-append. Figure 3 illustrates

the numeric data bar code. The Alpha types (7 and 8) have an additional four bits of overhead which contain the

number of Alpha charactersin the bar code string. (Refer to Figure 4.)

A B c

HEADER NUMERIC DATA

A 8 bit Checksum (End-around Carry)B 4 bit Type Indicator(Set to Six)

12 bits Header (1-1/2 Bytes)

c Up to 29 Digits

Figure 3. Numeric Data Type Bar Code

A B C D

HEADER ALPHANUMERIC DATA

A 8 bit Checksum (End-around Carry)B 4 bit Type Indicator (Set to Seven or Eight)c 4 bits Number of ASCII Characters in String

16 bits - 2 Byte HeaderUp to 14 Alphanumeric Characterso

Figure 4. Alpha Data Type Bar Code

10 Description of Bar Code Types

Sequenced Data

Sequenced data is an additional format for all data bar code types. It has in the header of each row a twelve-bit

sequence numberthat is used by (WNDDTX] to prevent loading data out of order. Sequenced data bar codeassures that

the data is alwaysloaded in the intended order. (Using the wand function [WNDDTX] this format is readable by revision

“F"* and later wands.*)

Thefirst byte of sequenced data bar code is the checksum. The next four-bits contain the typeindicator, which is set to

+49” for numeric, ‘10"’ for alpha-replace, or *‘11* for alpha-append. Next is the twelve-bit sequence field. This field is

ignored by the Wand whenthebar code is scanned normally (not under control). Please note that the alpha

types, 10 and 11, do not have a character count within the header.

A B C D

HEADER DATA

A 8 bit Checksum (End-around Carry)B 4 bit Type Indicator (Set to Nine, Ten, or Eleven)

[ 12 bit Sequence Number

D 24 bits =3 Byte Header Figure 5. Sequenced Data Bar Code (Rev. F and Following)

*Thefirst marketed version of the HP 82153Wand was revision £. There 1s no functional difference betweenrevisions£ and except for the use of theadditional sequenced data bar code types. To determine the revision letter of your wand remove all modulesfrom your HP-41, then plug in the wandand press - Therevision letter will appear in the display.

Description of Bar Gode Types 11

Paper Keyboard Bar Code

This type of bar code represents one keystroke. The number pad keys are represented by a one-byte (8 bits) row. All

other keys and one byte functions are represented by a two-byte row.

The error checking is accomplished for these shorter bar code rows by using a slightly different configurationthanthe

other bar codetypes. Forthe one-byte code, four bits represent the keystroke and the other four bits are mirror sym-

metric to the keystroke representation pattern. The two byte rows have twelve bits of data and fourbits of checksum,

computed as a sum of the data in four bit nybbles with end-around carry.

A sample program is not included to generate Paper Keyboard bar code. Since these are short rows, with values that do

not change, a simple program using a table lookup is recommended. The physical description forall the keys follows.

ONE BYTE PAPER KEYBOARD

a a aabbbob—_—— ——

A B

FUNCTION VALUE OF A VALUE OF B

0 0000 00001 1000 0001

9 1001 1001. 0101 1010

EEX 1101 1011CHS 0011 1100<~ 1011 1101

12 Description of Bar Code Types

TWO BYTE PAPER KEYBOARD

aaaahbocccdddddddd—_——— —— ———

A B C D

1. Programmable Functions: Found in the following locations in the HP-41 Function Table (Table 11,

page 45).Row 4 column 0 through Row 9 column 15Row 10 columns 8 through 14Row 12 columns 0, 14, and 15Row 13 column ORow 14 column 0

Four bit Checksum (End-around Carry}

0000Eight bit Function Code(such as ABS, Row 4 Column 2=01000010}

oow>

o

2. Alpha Characters (Keys)A = Four bit Checksum (End-around Carry)

B =20C = 001D = Eight bit ASCIl with Most Significant Four Bits Doubled. {For example the ASCII for

“A” is 01000001. With most significant nybble doubled the bar code value for the

character A becomes 10000001.)

3. IndirectA = 10(1010)B =20C = 2(010)D = 128 (10000000)

4. Non-ProgrammablesA = Four bit Checksum (End-around Carry)B =20C = 4(100)

FUNCTION VALUE FUNCTION VALUE

D = CAT 0 SST 8

GTOL 1 STAYON 9

DEL 2 PACK 10

GCOPY 3 DELETE "

CLP 4 ALPHA 12

RIS 5 PRGM 13

SIZE 6 USER 14

BST 7 ASN 156

5. XROMA = Four bit Checksum (End-around Carry)

B =1C = fffD=gghhhhhh

fffgg =ROMLD. Numberh =ROM Function Number

For Example: has ROM 1.D.=27 and ROM Function= 5. Therefore ffigg= 11011,and hhhhhh=000101.

Section 2

Physical Specifications

There is a wide variationin the appearance of readable bar code. However, some properties are shared, and cannot vary

beyond certain limits. This section contains a description ofthe characteristics of readable bar codeso that you will be

able to judge the acceptability of HP-41 barcode.

The performance of bar code depends heavily on print quality. The printed characters must exhibit high contrast and

good definition. Stroke width and location should be maintained asclosely as possible totheir nominal values. Hewlett-

Packard Corvallis Division concurs in general with the recommendations of ANSI X3.17-1977 ““‘Characters Set and

Print Quality for Optical Character Recognition’” (OCR-A)*. Many of the recommendations in that document are

“‘based largely upon expert opinion and judgement and are not fully substantiated by extensive test data and measure-

ment”. Also contained in this section is a discussion of the special characteristics of HP-41 bar code which differ from

the recommendations of OCR-A.

Size and Shape

All four categories of bar code that are plable 1o the HP 821534 Wand look essentially like that shown in Figure 6.

The information contained in the barsis encoded using narrow bars for *“zeroes’”” and bars twice as wide for “‘ones”’.

These bars are separated by spaces which have the same width as the narrow bars. The bars containing the information

are always preceded by two ‘0’ bars and followed by a ‘1-0”” combination. These ‘‘start’’ and “‘stop’’ sequences are

used bythe decodingelectronics to determine scan direction. This allows HP-41 bar codeto be scanned either forwards

or backwards.

~—— eSTART BYTE 1 BYTE 2 BYTE 3 BYTE 4 STOPBARS BARS

THE NUMBER OF BYTES MAY VARY FROM 1 TO 16

Figure 6. Configuration of HP-41 Bar Code

There will always be an integral multiple of eight-bit bytes between the start and stop bars, but there cannot be more

than sixteen bytes in any given row. If there are too many or too few bars in a row of bar code, the decoderin the wand

module discards whatit has read.

*Available from American National Standards Institwte, Inc., 1430 Broadway, New York, NY 10018,

13

14 Physical Specifications

[ WIDTH* TOLERANCE SUGGESTED VALUES |

g W+ .002" W—%005" 0.022" + 0.003”

0" W-.002" WA%OOSH 0.018" + 0.003”

1 2W - 002" W‘°5'°°5" 0.038"= 0.003"

SHY H > 036" “Bar widths are arbltrarily reduced by .002" to allow for the differances betweenbar width perception of the wand and the human eye.

Table 1. Bar Size Specifications

The dimensions shown in Table I may be varied widely, but we have found them to be a very good compromise between

compact code (which occupieslittle area but is difficult to read) and extensive codes (which is easy to read butrequires a

lot of space). Printers have found thatit is easier to maintain location than stroke width. If there were no error in

placing the bar, and no voidsin the bars or spotsin the spaces, then the bar width could vary as much as 10%ofthe

width of a zero bar without severe loss of readibility, and as much as 20% if degraded readability were acceptable.

Figure 7 shows examples of bar code having excessive stroke-width error.

STROKES TOO NARROW STROKES CORRECT STROKES TOO WIDE

ZERO WIDTH: “0” =0.014" “0” =0.020" “0”=0.026" 0.020" “8”=0.014"

SPACE WIDTH: “8” =0.026" “8

Figure 7. 20-Mil Bar Code Having Excessive Stroke-Width Error

Physical Specifications 15

It might seemreasonable 1o make the bars and spaces narrower and narrower, but the optics in the photodetectoris

such that the wand “’sees’” a spot between 0.011”t0 0.016* in diameter. Bars smaller than this will often read; because a

bar only 0.004 " to 0.009” wide will sometimes be detected. However, such bars usually read only when the wand is held

in a particular orientation. To read very narrow bars, the wand mustbetilted as shown in Figure 8 until the spotoflight

it producesisin the best possible focus. All bar codeis moreeasily read when the wandis held in the *‘preferred orienta-

tion”, but marginally-narrow bar code cannot be read in any other way.

d < 0.5 mm0 = « = 30° MAXPREFERRED ORIENTATION IS:10° < o < 20°AND TIP SHOULD TOUCH THE PAPER DURING READING

Figure 8. Preferred Wand Orientation

Paper and Ink Considerations

There is yet another reason to hold the wand in the preferred orientation; it has been found that the surface of some

paperis specular or mirror-like. Bar code printing on such paperis likely not to read if the wand is held perpendicular to

the paper. The smooth surface reflects so much light that even black bars appearto be white. Accordingly,it is wise to

choose a paper that does nothave a glossy surface. Unfortunately, itis also necessaryto avoid rough-surfaced papers,

because excessive variation in paper reflectance can be troublesome as well.

The wand electronics determines the difference between bars and spaces by measuring their relative contrast. Print

Contrast Signal or PCSis defined to be the difference between white and black reflectance divided by white reflectance

and expressed as a percentage where Rw = White Reflectance and Rb=Black Reflectance:

Rw-RbPCS = Rw X 100%

It is desirable to maintain PCS as high as possible. The wand’s response to bar code is also dependent on batiery

voltage. A battery level near the low-level-detect threshold might prevent reading bar code having a PCS below 60%,

while fresh batteries might allow 30%-PCS bar code to be read. Bar code having a PCS as low as 20%can sometimes be

read with fresh batteries by paying particular attention to wand orientation.

Since people see a broad range of colors,it is not usually possible to judge PCS by eye. Thelight-emitting diode in the

wand produceslight having a wavelength of 700 nanometers,close to standard wavelength B680 mentioned in OCR-A.

16 Physical Specifications

Variation ofreflectivity within bars and spaces can cause misreads. The amount of permissible reflectivity variation is

between 10 and 20 percent. Reflectivity variation, an inherent property of paper and ink, also results from the presence

of voids and spots. Voids in inked areas and spotsin un-inked areas should be minimized, but we have found that voids

of not more than 0.005” spaced no closer than 0.009” usually do not cause a misread. Bar code containing voids and

spots will not be readable with as much freedom of orientation and speed as will clean bar code. Because the wand’s

response to low-level signalsis a function of battery voltage, noisy bar codeis usually easier to read with low voltage

batteries.

The opacityof paper determines whetheror not bar code can be adversely affected by printing on thereverse side of the

paper. Opacity of paper suitable for optical character recognition exceeds 60%, but Hewlett-Packard Corvallis Divi-

sion recommendsthe use of paper exceeding 85% opacity. Paper porosity is probably important for reverse show-

through also, because the effective opacity will be reduced if ink can move into the paper.

The following plot shows the PCS that perfect bar code would appear to have when viewed through paper having par

ticular values of RO and Rinf. Since wands can often read bar code with a PCS as low as 30%, it is probably wise to

avoid papers with reflectivity less than 70%. Papers of lowerreflectivity might have excessive show-through.

p= P= P= P= P= P= P= P= P=09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01

INFINITE-PADREFLECTIVITY,

Rinf

o o

ST PR + L L —

0.1 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10U

SINGLE-SHEET REFLECTIVITY, RO

All of these characteristics interact in ways thatare very difficult to quantify. The best way 1o test bar code readability is

to try to read bar code samples with the wand held in various orientations and with baitery voltages ranging from 4.1 to

I TR IW=.010" W=.020" W =.040" .

6 volts.

Figure 9. Different Module Width Bar Codes

Section 3Sample Software

Generating Program Type Bar Code (PRGMBR)

PRGMBR allowsyou to type in numbered HP-41 instructions and will insert the instructionsinto a textstring forlater

use. The line numberof the HP-41 instruction may be from 1 to 2233. This number determinesthe order of execution

of the instructions. The number 2233 is maximum because it is the largest number of bytes available in program

memory. If an HP-41 program is very long, a renumbering command can be used to create gaps in the numbering

schemeto allow forlater insertion of HP-41 instructions. Instructions can also be deleted or replaced. In addition, you

can save an entire HP-41 program in a file forlater use. Other features include the single word commands to compile

and generate bar code for an HP-41 program, save and retrieve the compiled HP-41 machine language, and list or

delete the entire program. The syntax and action of each command is given in Table II, page 18, and will be printed out

by the program if a ““??” is typed in response to the prompt symbol.

PRGMBRisstructured with a main routine that generates the prompts and decodesthe input. A jump table in the main

routineis used to call a series of other routines which perform the commandfunctions. Thelimited decoding done by

the main routine is performedonly to determine if a command or an HP-41 instruction has been given. The subroutines

will then be able to retrieve the HP-41 program by linear inspection of the pointer array. Replacement, deletion, and

renumbering of instructions, therefore, only involve manipulation of the pointer array. (Insertion of an instruction

requires that the instruction number—an integer—mustfall between two existing instruction numbers.)

PRGMBR SyntaxIn almost all cases, the syntax of the HP-41 instructions(recognized by *“PRGMBR”’)follows that of the HP 82143A

thermal printer and of the HP-41 program listings distributed by the HP User’s Library. The few exeptions,dictated by

the difference between ASCII and the HP-41 character set are shown below:

HP-41C Character Substitute ASCIl Character

) g« “@”* o

Single quotesinstead of double quotesare used for inputting HP-41 Alphatext and Alpha labels. The alpha append

instruction is indicated by an ‘A’ preceding the single quotes and characterstring. See Table V, page 54, for the

character set and their decimal values.

17

18

Sample Software

Commands for Program “PRGMBR”

COMPILE — Compiles the current HP-41 program and loads the compiled code into the

array M.

DELETE n — Deletes the instruction given by n from the current program.

EXIT — Halts execution of the bar code generator or of the line number generator.

GETPROG — Retrieves compiled code from a file on cassette tape {routine promptsfor a filename).

GETTEXT — Retrieves program instructions from a file on cassette tape (routine prompts fora file name).

LIsT — Lists the entire current HP-41 program.

NUMBER — Automatically generates instruction numbers for HP-41 program entry. The

starting number and size of the incrementare requested by the routine. Thisroutine is halted by typing “EXIT”.

RENUMBER — Renumbers current HP-41 program instructions (routine prompts for the oldstarting number, new starting number and size of the increment).

RUN — Generates the bar code from the compiled code (will not run unless compiled

code has been generated).

RUNPRIVATE — Generates bar code for a private program.

SAVEPROG — Stores compiled code for the current program on cassette tape (routine promptsfor a file name).

SAVETEXT — Stores instructions of the current program on cassette tape (routine prompts fora file name).

SCRATCH — Erases the current program.

?? — Displays a list of available commands and syntax rules.

Table II.

sample Software 19

PRGMBR* Program Listing

1915]2528

|| HF-41 USER LANSUAGE COMPILER ARL BrRk CODE GEMERAYLON FROGRAN! THIS FROGRAM FROMPTS FOR HUMEEREL HF41 INSTRUCTIGHS AMD STORES THER' FOR LATER COMPILATION CINITIATED OH COMMAMDY. THE INSTRUCTION! NUMEERS MAY EE FROM 1 TO 246 (THE TOTAL HUMBER OF BYTES AYAILABLE! FOR USE 1M A PROGRAMY AWD MUST BE INTEGERS. THE CONPILED E WILL! BE USED T DRIVE A BAR CODE GEMERATION ROUTINE WHICH MILL CALCULATE! THE BIT FATTERN FOR A ROM OF BAR CODE. THIS EIT FATTERM WILL APFEAR! WITHIN f LOOP, AT WHICH FOIMT THE USER WILL EE AELE TO CALL HIS 0Ni PLOTTING ROUTINES TO GEMERATE HP-41 BAR CODE. THE COMMANDS! FYAILABLE IM THIS PROGRAN ARE:! 13 "HUMBER": GEMERATES LIME MUMBERS FOR HF-410 INSTRUCTIONS! 23MLIST LIZTS THE IMSTRUCTIONE CURREHTLY ENTERED! 33"RUN": CHECKS FOR PRESEMCE OF COMFILED CODE AND FRODUCES|

||!!|''''

@

oTHE EAR COLE BIT FATTERH,

43UCOMFILE": COMPILES THE CURREMT TEXT INTG MACHINE CODE53" RENUMBE ALTERS THE 41 IHSTRUCTION MUMBER SERUENCE£)"SAYETERT": SAYES THE CURRENT TERT oMPHUGETTERT": RETRIEVES THE TEXT FROM C23 "SAYEFROG": SAYES THE COMFILED MACHINE CODE oM2)"GETFROGY: RETRIEVES THE COMFILED CODE FROM TR1EOYERIT": HALTS THE USER LANGUAGE COMPILER FROG113"DELETE": DELETES THE MAMED IMSTRUCTION MUMEER FROM THE

CURRENT TEXT.123"SCRATCH": ER THE CURRENT INSTRUCTIONS EMTERED132RUNFRIYATE": GEMERATES EAR CODE FOR A FRIVATE FROGEAN

eR RARARRRARARRSRRRAR E ARAR R ARARAR ARRrTHTEGER T,J,K,L,",R,R1,0,01, 020800, T,P{224a0 MY2240),11,F1 KiczzdasINTEGER Fi,F2,F3,F4,F5,F6,F?,F8,F3,E,E1,E2,E3¢(15),E4, 1¢1INTEGER 1S,B1,B2,B3,T5,H1,HZ,F5,L5,05,53 163, BO1320 1, ¥2, 3DIM T$0681, TI$0361, 7230301, 550501, AF1500], BELS15]DIM $1$0273011, 151645061, HI$I3], H2$03], HaS[5, CFcE0I 1]IINT! MAIN FROGRAM: WRITES FROMPT FOR TEXT OR COMMAMD EMTRY AMD EITHER! DECODES THE INSTRUCTION NUMBER AMD EHTERS THE TEXT INTO THE TEXT! ARRAY, OR USEZ THE COMMAND JUMP TRELE TO JUMF T THE CORRECT COMMANDOn ERROR GOTO 4258

7IGCHRF (3LR$(27IR0HRE (837

ECHR$ (2 VSET UF DIABLC COMTROL CODES

TE=Tig=Tos=""!FOR I=1 TO (RERD LOCHL UHEELS & STACK REGISTER MHEMONICE IMTU £1%READ $1$41)

HEXT 1FOR I=1 TO 183 {RERD SORTED IHSTRUCTION MMEMOMICS IéTO I#, INSTRUC.READ 1$¢17, 1141 IYALUES INTO I1 FOR TRELE DRIVER

FOR 1 TO &8 {READ IN YALID CHARACTER TRELES FOR CHARACTER CHECKRERD C$(Ix,020 |CHARACTERS IN C©f; CHARACTER CODE IN ©2

NEXT 1

VIMITIALIZE ARRAY OF FOIMTERS IMTC TEXT STRINGVINITIALIZE COMPILED FROGRAM ARRAY

MEXT Io n

PINITIALIZE TEXT $TRING FOINTER AMD FLAGE

IMPUT "DO 70U MANT # LIST OF THE AYAILABLE COMMANDET*, Ti%IF €T1$="H") OR (TI$="NO": THENIF T#="SCRATCH" THEM 35@

GOTO 35088 IFRINT OUT REFERENCE TABLEwrtesy BYTE Publications, Inmc. Copuright 1989,

20

3aw35a3585

o 0@@

535698TaETes7ie715

Sample Software

! BEGIH FROMPIER SECTLOM: ASK FOR COMARND R LHSTRULTIGHTHFUT 50, THI=FOS0Ts," ") VEET I TO FIRST WORD OF IHFUT

{SET PRIVACY FLAG T INDICRTE A MUM-FRIVATE PRUGRAN

IF I=8 THEM S LOME MORD COMMANHTT1$=T$01,1-1] TEXTRACT FIRST WORD OF IHFUTIF T1#<»"DELETE™ THEM 485 |ZHECK FOR A DELETE COMMAMET1$=TRIMECTHOI+11)I=LEN(T1$3+1=1IF [-134 THEW 518 VCALCULATE INSTRUCTION HUMBER VALUEFOR J=I-1 TO 1 STEF -1

IF (T1$07,J1<"@ OR 4T1$0J,J1%Wy (NUMCT LS00, T30 -5 180KK=kl

HEXT TIF %>2248 THEN S1@

IF D<{r1 THEN 485 IDELETE IMSTRUCITON IF FLAG [& SETPiyi=-1GOTO 258

TRIMFCTSLI+4112 TEHTER TEST AMD DELIMITER IWTG TEST ARRAY dAHD

FETFE" LY IFOINTER AT THE IMDEX GIVEM EBY INSTRUCTION MU

» THEN S8

&FoyasTT=T+LEWiT#1+1

GOTO 258

! ERROF MESSALES

FRINT "2?7 - GIWE MNUMEERED STATEMEMT OR A COMMARDY

GOTO 358FRIMT "STATEMEMT HUMBER “HLUE TOO LHARGE"

s0To 358! #%% COMMAND JUMF THELE #%%

iF T$="NUNEER" THEM &73

IF T$="LIST" THEN 785

IF IM" THEHW %251F PILE" THEM 1855IF THEH 3528IF T$="RENUMEER" THEM 3718IF T#="SAVET " THEMN 3843IF T$="GETTEx THEH 3335IF T$="SAYEPROG" THEN 4855

IF T$="GETPROG" THEN 4148IF T4="SCRATCH" THEW 235IF T$="ERIT" THEW STOFIF T$<>"RUNPRIVATE" THEN &03

pE=2GOTo 225

FRINT "?% - UHRECOGNIZABLE COMMAML®GOTO 358 IGO0 BACK TO FROMPTERVg s % o® % % % % EMD OF MAIM FROGRAM + % # % & & « & + & = =

Uos s & % 0% % 8 % CAUTOY ROUTIHE % % % & # % % & % % » & & % & & %

| THIS ROUTIME AUTOMATICALLY HUMBERS THE 410 INSTRUCTIONS AND| THEM IMT2 THE TEAXT ARRAY. TO LEAYE THIS ROUTINE, TYPE “EXRITIHPUT “GIVE THE STARTING WHRLUE AMD ZE OF THE INCREMENT",¥,x1

IF ¥:»2248 THEN 739

PRIMT "33y IFRINT THE PROMPT AHD THE LIME MUMBERINFUT T35

IF T$="EXIT" THEN 338 FLEAYE ROUTIME AMD GO TO MORMAL PROMPT

A$=ASLTHE" 1" PENTER INSTRUCTION INTO TEXT ARRAYPOyT=T+LEHCT$2+1

W=VHRLLOTO &75FRINTER 13 & IERRORPRINT "STATEMEMT HUMEER YHLUE TOO LARGE

AGE FOR =TATERENT HUNEBER

IH3UBHINTSONTINELESTHOTLONMLSHYW3IHL8328470T+51=01H3HL8¢

=51ArTTSANHTLHODMOTLINYLSHTMIHL<83410511HIHL@8841SETT

SEFT0109AacTy

HILHAOD13538FSOHITHATLINYLEHTHIHLFiSETTWIHL

SITEHIAEAILHTLNGTS43430931493TGLNI.W.WOYST40M¥345HHELGCT+TEIW=CT+28715SE@1

JILOMELEHTLM3WFHL40SNINNIS3Z3IHL4049405H534435iMHE“HOTLOMHISHTLHIEEND3HL3137dW020L0315344353044023TWAHi

IHL0L138ST4LHHL3L0NDWIHD33I83IHIHL804SHILMAOD4334audHodi3003YTBOOIHTSHOTLONYISHTGH07THOTE03SHOTIHISHWH]HOTLOAYLENT|

"4ILX3K

G=10dZRTN0I=1¥0d

AHHEHH¥3LiHd1193HL1000BLH(HSEO0WWASYH3LH00DWNSHIIHDLAELS|

BLHE3LINA00M0d40MOT1JMELENTLSHIdLagls|G1HA3LHAO0T3143THO4THILHHSHITIHHLLHHLS|@IHHILMA0D31TCHIdTHILHYdOHIGH3TLEHLSE

6LW¥3LHA0DMO¥IA0DHHELHHLS|©WMILHAOTCLEWILSYTJOHISSO0M40#LMd

@LdHILNN0DHIOWITMOTLINELSHIL1dd£LY$3LNING3LAFMOII00HHELAHLE]

BO1HHIINIOLGM.AHHEEHBIHDI3714M07LaHLS]@iHH3LHAGDHEILINY

1470LA

LEHITh-dHHILNTEdL1353

T51d3LMId4wowLHIdd

®E13T3INSHILSIDTHWHATOHLoLHMIddT4H=4HIHL@<

AIHLNOD250

UHHT0HdIHLHTS3IAE30H3TMANJHL

FLEHASHBT,THISNLNIddPEEHTLNIHd

M707EHIE0L¥3INIEdL35&51¥3ILHINA#RgiedrerBSHTOEHITIHL0LLADS3LIMNHOILD3SSIHLszssss|

$17.7353740SHILIHEEHIB2MHET08dIHL403TLTL3HL33LNT.LrdHTB5E0L09

wilSHI4I370dWAT38LSNHWHA90EdH.LNTHdHOTLHTTANADSNOTAZHSH04#33HBbeHIHLT=2d4A1

CLE5.WDTT3H.YHIAMANMOY3T0THHE3HLbi€.5T.NIT73H:LHIMA3Si

AMINHDIHLHIMIFSWOTLOMHLENTLSHT3HL4043TWAN3NIT3HLCi€.57.NI073Hi

SHIT43HL40HIGUAH3NIT3Mia3IHLWDS3LAG40#3TWANFHLCTig1TIMLHIODLHHLLHH3I3SHOILGMHOIHT|

iiii

GaS8

LH3MDESLHIHATD3IHLMIHOILINCL23,HIT73H:LH3W9

H

@ H3IHLO*511dJOLEOMEL4BLSMYHIWTJ3043H40$314d£9NIANTINI*SLHIW-0353L4E3TNI4007WMIHLIMSHH3dddMa3Lllbd1193FHL"3000#HTTb-dH

GHILNIS3443dHHILIYd1393HLGLHILISLH3ANODQMYABYHMLW,3HLNIO713HWHATOES13TAMA0IHTLNOYSTHL33IHILNOHHOTLHH3INIDHIB30034ud

ss%%ox%#%%%&%JHIINOHHNA,#*%¥%%¥£%%%=oso=eINTLANELT40ANZ¢foE%%%%o2£|

01DI1%3M

FTLHTLHIAS[SSSERETIESCECESSN

43LHIOO1764B41Ly3LLnoiG188MWIHL@3¢Ivd4137261H3IMICdHINOHHL43150HREE0LHo4

1%303HLHI073KWHE904d4LHIYHNDFHLSIST7IHILOOY#%%%3%%%&%%INILNOHL3I7.%*3£5%£5%|P

L

2sowows

e¥o%xINTLMAOHLOLAH.40ON3¥*3¥%%%=5|M4THUMOH)HNNL3EEEINL 1zesmemyogajdweg

22 Sample Software

175183 THEN 1z88 VCDUNTER LF MOK-HULL LeST. AND CAECK FUR LENGTH##FPROCESS UME BYTE [HSTRUCTIONS =+

| OCHECK FOR AM ALFHA EXECUTE OF A GOTC ALFHA! PIMSTRUCTION. (GET SI2E FROM SECOMD BYTE)IF CMCB1)€>28) AND (MCE13<>38> THEH 1215E3=McBl+12 MOD 18+1

S+1GOTO 1435

tOCHECK FOR A DIGLT ENTRY IWSTRUCTLIONTHEH 1278 IF Blidles OF «ilcBlis

I=Bl+1

IF (Melsg OR (MDD » THEM 12I=1+1 ISTER THROUGH IRSTRUCTIONS UMTEL END OFGOTO 1225 IDIGIT EMTRY HAS BEEM SEEMB -Ei1-1TS=TS+1IF B3¢»E THEN 14335 CCHECK FOR SIHGLE DIGIT [HSTRUCTIONTS=aGOTO 1435'

ALL GTHER OHE BEYTE [NSTRUCTIONE

CPROC

TS=0GOTO 1435

! *xPROCESE TWO BYTE INSTRUCTIIF MCELX2287 THEM 1378 CHECE FOR ALFHAIF €MCE1D<1%20 OR €MOEL) 2852 THEM 1343TS=TS+1

a ICHECE FOR THE EHD IMSTRUCTION2 THEM 1

IF B1+2Ba=2GOTO 1435

3= CE LGOTD 1438

THIRL EYTE

T3 Wop 1 IHLPHA LABE

CTHOOEVT IPROCESS SHORT FORM GT LONG

THREE E¥TE IHSTRUCTEIOF

IFRGCESS LONG FORM GTOC

sxFROCESS& THEH 1@ THEN 1

GOTO 1435CB1) HOD 16 IPROCESS ALPHA DRTA EXTRY INSTRUCTLONS

=TS+l LGGET LEMGTH FROM FIRST BYTED! BAR CODE ROW =SETUF SECTION: TAKE DATA FOR THIS ROW AMD! CALCULATE THE HEADER DATA AND OTHER YARIAELES

¢ CHECK FOR A COMPLETED ROM (A FILLED BUFFER.THEH 1&3%

VUPDATE FARTIAL FUMCTION C

16 AND <BE1<E LUNTERS

MOD 18=18+T7S MOD 16

THEMN 1473

S1¢33=HL MUD 1é=1d+Hi WOD 156! ENTER FRIV VALUE AHD SEWUEHLE HUMBER

S102)=PS* 16453 MOD 16

2 T0 EZ ICALCULATE CHEC CH CUMULHATIVE S0 MODS+51¢13 HOD

IF ©s5>» & THEM ©5=C3 MOD 25e+1HEXT 1

1588 §1(13=051515 ! COWVERSION SECTION: COMYERT THE CUREENT ROW OF SEGHENT IHTO A1528 ! EIT PATTERH REPRESEHTING THE BAR CODE.15381535 TO B2 VCOMYERT DECIMAL DATA TO & BINARY PATTERN1548 (11545 FOR Y=2+1+8 TO F+([- 1% STEP -1

Sample Software 23

B WOD 2H=d D1V 2

HEKT vHEXT 1

PROL STRRT HAHD

oF EITE

! AT THIS FOINT, THE HERAY -EB° HULDE A OSERIEZ OF ARD @REFRESENTING A SINGLE ROW OF 410 FROGRAM BAR O THZLUDINGTHE START AHD STOF EI OTHER TATA WILL BE Fo iH THE

'|! WARIAELES B2, 83,15 AND IS AS EXPLAINED ABOYE.' #*¥*THIS 15 THE EBAR CODE GEMERATION AND OUTFUT SECTION USED Eress! ##4HF FOR EAR CODE GENERATION OW A DIAELO 1 TATEY WHEEL*##4%%' #%4FRINTER WITH A TITAN 18 3&-CHARAGCTER METALLIC T " WHEEL##%+%T1%=FHF$(53+1-1,L5,15)>FRIMTER 9FRINT LSIHGL g+4GOSUE 4468FRINT USING "3FRINT *IF 53 MOD 1 THEN FRINT CHR$:123FRINTER I3 18 'RESET FRIMTER To CRT| EEE END OF DIABLO OUTFUT SECTION +ner=! CLEANUP SECTION: THIS SECTION RESETS VARIAELES TO FREFi GEMERATION OF THE MEXT ROW OF BAR CODE.

170 18 !ZERD OUT THE 1& BYTE EBRR CODE ROM BUFFER

VEET FRIMTER TO DIRBLO LU

|GEMERATE EBRAR FRTTERM FROM B17S 3A, LEA,215A, 2A"JHLE, He%, BS HES

“E FUOF.

TO 132 1ZERD

OUT THE BIT FRTTERN RRRAY

IREZET EUFFER POINTER TO'UFDATE FIRST IMSTR. COUNTER TO CURRENT IHZTR.

THEW LS=L5+1 ICHECK FOR THE START OF & NEM IMSTRUCTIONTHEH 1885R CODE GEWERATLION COMPLETED"

!GO BACK TO PRONPT IF BRR CODE GENERATION HAS! BEEN COMFLETED

# 4 %+ % % % % % 4 END OF M7OROUTINE # % » * = 5 % % 5 # =BoEE x4 & x & % "COMPILE ROUTINE % % = % % % % % % = % % % % %

HE-41 INETRULTION IHTERPRETATION ROUTINE: THIS ROUTIME INTERPRETSTHE INSTRUCTIONS EMTERED IN THE TEXT ARRAY AMD LOADS THE MACHINECOBE INTD THE “M° ARRAY. THE IMTERFRETE TRELE DRIVEM EWCEPTFOR THE INSTRUCTIONS MHOSE OFERANDS CHAHGE THE LENGTH OF THE

RUCTION GTC sLELYS OR HEQ-S3, DIGIT EMTRY INSTRUCTIONS,OR IHSTRUCTIONE IMYOLWIMG ALPHRNUNE THE PROCEZS MAY BEABORTED IF AN ERROR IS EMCOUNTERED BY TYFIHG “AEORT- IH RESFOHETO THE ERROR MESSAGE.

E

PETART MACHIWE CODE ARRAY INDEX AT 1ILODF THROUGH THE INSTRUCTION FOIMTER ARRAY

FOR A WALID POINTERT=FHIF(AS,PCTY FACT THE INSTRUCTION FROMN THE TEXT HRRATE4=H1 PSAYE CURREMT MACHINE Y POINTERSCANNER SECTION: THIS SECTION SCAME THE INSTRUCTION AND SENDSTHE DECODED TEXT TO THE IHTERPRETIMG ETS

SEVERAL FLAGS (F1-F&) FOR THE FOLLOMIMG COHDITIONS, ECTIVELY:ALPHA APPEND INSTRUCTION, AMY TEXT INSTRUCTION, AMY ONE WORTINETRUCTION, ANY ALFHA OFERAND,ANY TMBIRECT OFERAMD, AND ANYDIGIT EMTRY INSTRUCTION.

PIMITIALIZE FLAG

AHD TEXT YARIAELES

24 Sample Software

THEH 1355 CADD A HULL [WSTRUCTION BETWEEN ADJACENT LiGl1PENTR'Y IHSTRUCTIOHE

IF «T&="END": OR (Ts='.ENB. " THEN[

3 AND (T$[1,21¢" THEMW zagw

[CHECK FOR ALPHA APPEND TEAT Ir

FOR A TEAT ENTRY [H2TRUCTIONA" THEM 55

TRUCT IO

L=LEHCTS) IFIND ENB OF TEXT AND CHECK FIR ERIF L<18 THEN 2azeFRINT “"ALFHA STRING TOO LOHG IH LINE # ";JGOTO 2238

IF T#CL,L1=""" THEH z@4@FRINT "ERFOR IN ALFHR REGISTER ENTRY INST

Tlan BT LIME #

ET TEXT FLAG5OTOFOR I=1 TO LEM(T#) ICHEDT1$=T$01,1]IF (T1$¥="a") AHDIF ¢iTi$="+"> ORIF CT1$=" ") OR iCUTO 21es

FOR A DIGLT ENTRY INSTRUCTLOM

%) THEM 2685="y AHD C(LEHCTS$) THEN 2885

OF (Tig=".") THEM 2885INOT R DIGIT EMTRY INSTR.:

TIMUE =UHM

ISET DIGIT EWTRY FLAG

Lo FOR AW OFERAMD GF THE [WSTRUCT1OHISET FLAG AND FETURM IF OMLY ONE HORD LUMG

TUIS=TRIMECTEIPI+11) VGET FIRST OFERAMD AND CHECK FOR AN ALFHA STRINHGT$=T$01,F1-11L=LENCTIS)

IF (T1$01,1343" 7% QR (T1$0L,LI<x" "> THEW 2175IF L>% THEN 2B19 |CHECK FOR LEMGTH OF GPERANTTi#=T1%0[2,L-1]Fa=1

GOTO 2275YGEY SECOND OFERAHD AND CHECK FOR IHDIRECTION

Te$=T1$01,P2-1]

IF T2s="IND" THEN 2214FRINT "OFERAND ERROR IN LIME # “3JGOTO 2238FS=1 VSET IMDIRECTION FLAG AMD ExTRACT HUAERIC OPERAND

2215 TI$=TRIMS(T1S(P2+1ds2z IF LEH(T1$3=2 THEH 22732225 PRINT "ERROR IH HUMERIC OFERAND IH LIME # *2 GOSUE 34802 GOTO 19382 ! IMTERFRETING SECTION: THIS SECTIOH THKES THE TEXT HELL IN2 ' T#,Tt% AND T2%, INTERFRETS THE INSTRUCTION AND EMTERS THE MACHINE

' COLE INTO THE ARRAY “M° AT THE POSITION GIYEM BY THE POINTER M1<' AN ERROR CAUSES A MESSAGE TO BE FRIMTED WHICH RERUESTS A CORRECTION,IF Fz<»1 THEN 2385 VCHECK FOR A TEXT EMTRY INSTRUCTIONMeMly=24@+L-2 IENTER LENGTH OF TEXTH=1

59

IF F1e:1 THEN 23 'WML a=MOnIo+1 PALL COUMTER FOR EXTRA EYTE IF RPFEMD INST.

Mi=H1+1M{M1=127 IFUT IH 2HD BYTE

Sample Software 25

Mi=rlclFOR

COHECE PR YLD CHRRHDTERS sHL sLD 0 INST.

2=F} IS ENTRIF a BFRINT "INYALID CHARACTER IM LABEL OR TEXTGOTH o ' IF ERRC

E:

MMy VEMTER WRLIDMi=hi+1

<x1 THEN 2 PCHECK FOR DIGIT EMTRY LIHSTRUCTLoH

Fa=gIF (TH[1, 10400+IF T#01,13Mimle=22M=+l

AWD CT5C1,11¢3%="3 THEH

" THEN ICHECK FOR MIn

TLOOK FOR EXPONENT

IF L1=8 THEM L1=LEH¢I13)8 THEH L1TO L1 VEHTER MAHTISSA IMTU BAL

IF T#L01,13<>". " THEN 2433 1CHECK FOR THE DECINMAL FIF F3=1 THEH 2538Fa=1

LHE LODE RARRATIMT

MOl a=26Mi=H1+1GOTO 251%

TF CTH0I, 104 0"s OF «I1$00,10:75";MEMLO=HUMCTSOT, 11-32Mi=H1+1

HEWT TIF C(L1=LEWCT$3) AND ¢IF ¢I=L1> OF (I=L2> THEN 2555PRINT "DIGIT ENTRY INSTRUCTION ERROR IH LIME # 37GOSUE 3488GOTO 2468TE=TRINSCTSLI1) EMTERIF T#L1,11¢3"E" THEHM3 =27FH1=M1+1TH=T$L2]IF T$01,1325"-% THEM 2608 'LHECK FOR MEGRTIVE EAPOHENTML =28M1=f1+1TF €T$01,10="="; OR (T$C1,13="+"3 THEW T=T$iz]TE=TRIME LTSSL=LEHCTS) VADD EXFONENT T8 MACHINE LULE ARRATIF L>2 THEW 253FOR I=1 To LIF ST$CI,13<%@") ORML =HUMETH0T, 110 -1=H1+1

HEMT 1

355 CHECK FUR ERRURS [ MANTISSA

TSI, 11375 THEH

G0TO 3235L=LEHLT1§ IOTHER IHST 0 CALCULATE YALUE OF OFERARDE

THEH = TOME WORD FLAGTHEN 'ALPHA OFERAMD FLAG

K THEW z7as THUMERIC OFERAND SEEHFRIMT “HUMERIC OFERAHD TOO LOHG IM LIHE # *;7J

8THEN 2748 VCHECK FOR DOUELE DIGIT OFERANL

WECHUMCT LS00, 110480 % LE+MURAHD (Y 93 THEN 2385

RECT MUMERIC OFERAND IN LINE #

26 Sample Software

LOTo 2238

FOR I=1 TO 28 VLALLULATE BTHOK REGISTER OF LUCHL LHBEL YALUEIF T1 01+ THEN w=1+181

HE®T 1IF %<»3 THENMCTI8 -

195 CALCULATE #IHGLE DIGIT OFERAND “ALUE

IF Cyr=8) AND (v(=9%3 THEH 25@5FRINT "IHCORRECT STRACK OF SINGLE DIGIT OFERAND IN LIME # TGO0TO 2238

| CHECK FOR SFECIAL COMMAMDETHEN +128 |HDD INDIR I0H EIT (HISH ORGLER BIT. TO OFERHNLE

CRUGTOMY AMD CTECHUHERY X THEN SAZEICHECK FOR CGTOC OR CHESS COMMANDIF FS<>1 THEM ] ICHECK FOR “GTO IMIDC HEQ IHDMCM1=174IF T#="GT0" THEM TSET HIGH BIT FOR B OIMDYMiM1+1Mi=r1+GOTO 2339

ALFHA LABEL COMMAND

IF F44>1 THEM 2335 PETART HITH "GTO

IF 7% B THEH Mells=3eL=LENCT1$MOML+1r=24@+L CRDE LEMGTH TOFOR 1 Ta L

IF CHECK FOR WARLIDFRINT "IHVALID CHRRACTER 1M ALFHA LABEL"GOTO 8

MOM1+I+10=HE¥M1GOTO

IF (W3r14s R CT$="KER") THEN ORTFORN HUMERIL G10:MCHLa= 17744 VSECOND EVTE COMTATME UNCOMPILER FOIMTER

BYYE (HI GRLER EI F HE#

IN ALFHA STRING

[LONG FORF <3 BYTEY HUMERIC GTO OF MUMERIC RES24

YSECOND BYTE AGAIN COMTRINS FOIMTERITHIRD BYTE CONTARINE REGISTER MUMEBER

THEH MeM1:

L3ETO" THER 1CH FOR STORE IHMSTRUCTIONIF w315 THEN 3855 ISHORT FORM (OME BYTE) STORE (HSTRUCTIONMI EEEEEERYM1=M1+1

PLONG FORF 2 BYyTEs STORE

RUCTION

IF T<3"ROL" THEN 3149 PCHECK FOR RECALL IMSTRUCTIOM15 THEW 3115 LSHORT FORM ©1 BYTEY RECALL Ir

RUCTION

TLIONG FORM 2

TE RECALL IHE

RUCTIOH

GOTO 3325IF T#<>"LEL“ THEN !

IF F4<>1 THEM 221@ PHLFHAE LAEEL IMZTRULCTLON

Sample Software 27

PUMLOMPILED LABEC CHALW FOINTER I[N SECUND BYTE

1410 =8LENMIT1%:

TKEY

GHMEHT BYTE (SET TO ZERO FUR BAR COLES

GOTO 2988IF 214 THEMMCM12 =14yMi=Mi+1cOTO 33MLyMOMi+L" 1+2

IADD CHARACTER DATA TO MACHINE CODE RRRAYISHORT FORM CONE BYTE:X HUMERIC LABEL

HUMERIL LABEL

Q

PALL OTHER COMMANDS ARE TRELE DRIVEN

a

SFHSH, T, T3

IF 238 THEHFRINT "UMRECOGHIZRELE IMSTRUCTION GIVEN [H LIHE # "5JCOTO 2238MoMLs=1 ORE IMETRUCTION TYFE IH MACHINE COLE ARRAYM=+

| | CHECK FOR CTION4 TF CI18Z2<d4) OF (1102551433 OF& FRINT "ERROR: EXTRANE OPERAND IH& 50T8 IF 144 THEM ICHECK FOR THO TRUCTION2 IF 144; 10 oR Y 273 PRINT "ERROR: MI OFERAND "S GOTO

27 ML=y136 MI=Hi+135 MEWT T L wEND OF THE INSTROCTION LECOLE LOUF=<»45 1 % , = * « = »

3355 McMio= VAR FIMAL EMD INE UHCOHFILED FOINTERFIEE MIMI+LI=6 N SECOND EYTE3 MCHLE3 M13 FRINT "COMFLLATLON CONFLETED"

Fa=1 USET COMFILATION BOME FLAGGOTEH 358

| »#+ERROR CORRECTION SUBROUTINE#%FRINTER 15 18Mi=E4 IRESET MACHINE COLE AREAY (U OLL YALUEFRINT “THE IMSTRUCTION GIVEH WMF

FRINT “"GIYE THE CORRECTED INSTRUCTION (WITHOUT LIME WUNEER:INFUT " (TO ABORT THIS COMPILATION, TYFE <REORT Y THIF T$="RBEORT" THEM 358AE=AsLTEe" 1"Felo=TT=THLEH.TH0+1

TURHD% F v % % o+ % o= % END OF CCOMPILES ROUTINE % % = 2 % % % % % % & # +

# % % % % % % * FROGRAM COMMAHDS s % 2 ¥ ® % ¥ %| THIS ROUTIHE L OUT THE COMMAMDS AYAILAELE IM THIS FROGRAM AMD

HTHX OF THE COMHAHDS AND OF IHSTRUCTION EMTRY

"COMMANDE AYAILABLE IN THIS FROGRAM: "

PRIMT " COMFILE - COMFILES THE HF-41 PROGRAM CURRENTLY EMTERED®PRINT " DELETE rn ~ DELETES THE HUMEERELD I UCTION FROM THE PROGRAM®PRINT » EXIT - HALTS THI% PROGRAM OF HUMEER GEMERATOR"

STOF

28 Sample Software

FRINT * GETFRUL RETRIEVES THE COMFILEL LULE FRUN CRSSETTE TAFESFRINT * GETTEWT - RETRIEYES THE FROGRAM IMSTRUCTIONS FROW TAFE"PRINT * LIST - LISTS THE ENTIRE HF-41 PROGRAM CURREMTLY IW MEMORY®FRINT * HUNEER - GEHERATES HF-41 INSTRUCTION WUMEERS - STOFFED BY

3 FRINT * TYPING “E#IT "3545 FRINT FENLUMEER - RENUMEERS THE HF-41 PROGRANM INSTRUCTION HUMEERZ™3 FRINT * FUH - GENERATES THE BAR CODE FROM THE COMPILED CODE"3555 FRINT * RUNFRIYATE - GEMERATES THE EAR CODE FOR A FRIVATE PROGRARMY39 ' SAVEPROG - STORES THE COMFILED CODE OH CASSETTE THFE"

565 PRINT SAVETEXT - THE FROGRAM LISTIMG OH C TTE TRFE" Ar

S5&6 PRIMTs74 THE EHTIRE HF-41 Fi

PRINT * SCRRTCH -

PRINT * 27 - OUT THE COMMAHDE AYAILAELE *FRINT * *FRINT “SYHTRX FOR INSTRUCTION EHTRY:"

FRINT * A)INSTRUCTION FORMAT:FRINT * r CHF-41 IHSTRUCTIOHX"FRINT * CBLANK AZ DELIMITERZ)®PRINT " EXSFECIAL

PRINT * 13 USE INSTERD OF THE SIGHMA =(iNPRINT * 2r USE IMSTERD OF THE AMGLE ZIGHPRINT * 3) USE INETEAD OF THE “MNOT ERUALY 2IGH"

FRINT * 43 USE STHGLE QUATES 73 IMSTERD OF DOUBLE SUGTES®FRINT * CoTEXT FORMAT EXT El CHOTE BLMBLE @uar :FRINT * oR A7 <TEXT EHTRY: CFIR RPRENDING TEXT»*GOTO 358D% % % % > % % 3 % % EMD OF COMMAND LIST ROUTIME % % = = = = = % & »I % % % % % % % 5 % % 'REMUMEER® ROUTIHE oA oE ox o! THIS ROUTINE REWUMEERS THE HP-41 IHS HG THE| RRRAY OF FOINTERS INTO THE TEXT STRING. THE STARTIHG OLD WALUE, HEK||

e

STARTING YALUE AND IMCREMEWT ARE REWUESTED, AND AH HUMEER OYERFLOW

4@y OF REMRITING OVER EXISTING INSTRUCTIOHS WILL A 2T ROUTIMEIHFUT “ENTER THE OLD STARTING #,HEM STARTIMG #, AHD Ik RFOR I=¥2+1 TO Wi-1 ICHECK FOR OVERKRITTEM IMSTRUCTIONSIF FCI 1 THEH =715

FRINT “ERROR - ATTEMFT MALDE TG OWERWRITE EXISTIHG IHSTRUCTIOG070 358

HERT IFOR I=1 TO 2248 LCRERTE TEMPORARY FOINTER ARRAY

KicIy=FCls THEN Fili=-1

EF %3 |TRANSFER VAL LD FOINTERS BACE TO FOINTER AR

THEH 358 ICHECK FOR EMD OF FROCESSINGIF K1ck»<a THEW 3745

=K1KHEXT 1PRINMT "ERROD IHSTRUCTIUN HUMBER CUT OF BOUMDE®FOR I=1 TOPCIr=K

HEXT 1GOTO 358# % % % % % % x » = END OF “RENUMBER ROUTIME + = = = = = = » = z %'

Pox s o % ¥ 4 % 5 % % “SAVETEXT ROUTIHE # % % % % = = = = = + % 3 £ #

¢ THIS ROUTIHE SAYES THE TEXT OF THE HF-41 IHSTRUCTIONS (THE SOURCE! FILE> QW CASSETTE THFE.IMFUT “GIYE THE WAME OF THE FILE TO EBE SAYED: ",T1%

ERTE Ti#,T DIY £4+458ASSIGH #1 TO Tis$PREIMT #1;P (%) !FRIMT #1;A$,END

SIGH * TO #1

AYE THE FOIMTER ARRAY AHMD THE T[EAT STRING

% % % % x x END OF “SAVETEAT' ROUTINE = = = = % % » = = % % #

Sample Software 28

e e e s s w2 % 2 CGETIEAT TIHE # + « # « % = = = + % % % = =! THIS ROUTIME RETRIEVES THE TEXT IHSTRULTIOHS CE FILES FROM! CRASSETTE TAFE AND REZETS THE END OF TEXT FOIMTER.IMFUT “GIYE THE MAME OF THE FilLE TO BE RERLD",T1#ASSIGH Ti% TO #1,1IF 1431 THEM Z3&@FRINT "FILE HANGOTO 3:}IF @ THEH Z93@FRINT “FILE 1S5 FROTECTED OF OF WRoin [7FE"

HOT FOLHD®

GOTO 25@

RERD #1;Fc% {RETRIEVE THE FOINTER ARREAT AHL TEAT STRINGREAD #1;A%

T=LEN(A$> 'RESTORE FOINTER TO END OF TEATGOTO 258 D% % % % % = % % % ¥ ¥ END OF “GETTEXT’ ROUTIME = = = =Dox % E %ok & B % % % EFROG’ ROUTIHE % % % % = = = +! THIS ROUTINE SAVES THE COMPILED CODE «(THE JOE FILE: IM THE “M° ARRAY! OH CASSETTE TAFE FOR LATER USE.

S IMFUT * GIYE THE MAME OF THE FILE TO BE SAVED: ",Ti%4868 CRERTE Ti$,5604065 ASSIGH Tis TO #1

FRIMT #1

PEAYE THE HUMEER OF BYTES IN THE FROGRAM

% EHD OF “SAYEFRDG T ROUTIME = % % % % % % & % % »¥ GETPROGY ROUTINE # % % % & % % % % % % % % & » +

! THIS ROUTINE RETRIEVES THE COMPILED PROGRAN FROM CRINFUT "GIVE THE WAME OF THE FILE To BE READ",T1%

Fa=1 PSET THE COMFILED FROGRAM PRESENT FLAGASEIGN T1$ TO #1,1IF I<>1 THEM 4178 |CHECE FOR FILE ERRORSPRIMT "FILE MOT FOUND®GOTO 35@

IF 1=8 THEW 4138

FRINMT "FILE FROTECTED OR OF WROMG TYFE®GOTO 359

IGET THE HMUMBER OF EvTE= It THE MACHINE LUDE ARRAYM

ASSIGH #1 TO =GOTO 358

P# % % % %+ = = % v END OF “SAYEFROGY RUUTIHE = = * + % = % 2 = %| # 2 % % % » + » ERRUR COHDITION HAWDLIMG ROUTIME % » « % # « % 2 #E1=ERRN |5AYE ERROR MUNEERE2=ERRL ISAYE LINE WUMBER WHEREIF E1< THEN 5FRINT "MO TARPE IM TAFE DRIVE. FLERSE INSERT TAFE"GOTO 358IF E1<{rE4 THEH 42%PRINT “HOT EMOUGH ROOM OH THPE. PLERSE USE AHOTHER TRFE"GOTO 358IF .E1< >33 THEN 4385PRINT "TRFE 1% WRITE FROTECTEDL. FLERSE FIX®GO0TO 358IF E1<»53 THEN 432@

FPRINT "IMFROFER FILE WAME (SHOULD BE 51X CHARRCTERGOTO 256IF E1<>54 THEN 436@PRINT "DUPLICATE FILE HAME"

IF (E2<>3358) AND (E2< 40603 THEM 4345IMFUT “DO YOU MISH TO USE THE OLD FILE? ", T2%IF <7z "y DR (T2$="YES") THEM 435&

42345 GOTO 358

4358 IF E2=35356 THEN 35554355 IF E2=48685 THEM 4865

OR LESS"

YOOLNTHIFUAHBSLYIANGTHOTLINAGSTHL SHOLLOMASLHWA0SH3GunN€%=ssoeoxvxo=oxoxxo3asxoxxoxx|

LOETH[LYER

¥ALTUTIM3LL401¥311395C1-r+1°1+1180=55r

SESEMIHL.io=LTE0+IT8Y41@50LT=r404

(851835UIT£4393LHT

€1#39ILNI$KIFIH430THOTLINNS3HL0LQ3SSHdWIAHTi

EHLLHd}LHIOdEHL&HDLUSLNIGdHQIlJflHLSNIEHLLSHELRBHNBAHH&H\\

Zu

L¥3LIHL48SHOOTWOILTHASSIHL IHGILINASHOTLOHHIXIROTLIMNYLZHIOILTHIAFTHOTLIHAS ssssxs

SRE%EX%R¥OFBBG3¥E3EG3%E%XBRXEREBB|H3

HLHTLIHLHI

SHLHDfuowHIHD

#r#IO00HILIHEEHDTHYiH1HTWLHTKLHITLTHLHTBLHT

dYERTFLAN0YSY1HDTOMPZT HEINHIBTSESt

CHIEBTTSHLISHTBST95TPRINTHIHTGe5tSHHYBET“THADBT*0L84°221254HLIHT5

14°e.£1IB488T-%v3HIHT&I30°987T-0HIHDFITITEETTHIDBLHD

TIMITAHSPESMELEPSTOLSHHIHTSET440KSRFATHEETS00HHiHD@

AT629F5etTaesHIRE&TLEHRALTHINS92THIWGTHOMINHHOTLANELSHI%3i@

Plafams,LtLeweWtHLEDBAtzLTReg3tHIHT%

TYILIEMUHDHILSIOIHIHLEONH13FHTTHONTexsi@31&

9

JTTIHTER0

=0

HOIHE

FOEOF¥X¥6OF¥%F&&E%%¥¥%HIHI¥¥%##»%¥¥¥¥%|

Se&¥soow&xvWOLMMENIGHNTLIHAJHT40O3£5=x¢o3%o2o5|HANLIYT1w3H

WCO<CBEA=$ENIHLT=(1F41"CoREE=EHIHLB=CIsd41

TTOSHMT0MEST733N¥IIOHEHHTBTNELTLJHLHO¥HEHOTLH343HL|7a1T=1H0d

TO

TFE

owo

owTToot

o

SHNETEiSdHT7LdA3n¢i

SHHTTHITLA34TtdHdMOdMHNCTi510HY3LIHSi

iiiii

JHL CONIHLS3HLOLHOSHNETEIHHSHMHETHITLA344043340HLI34300FHLSILUHILEIHODQMY8.AHH¥YJHLWOH4H¥3ILLHD1193HL$300330

LT"H3LHIAL133IHMASIHI@527OTEHII3HLMOMILLTHM3171LIHYILIHGT0T#HTIHLSHILNISIHL434IMIELEHSILHEINIDIYNTII084SIHLs%3%¥o3&o3&xATIHNINITOHINLEMHILLIHAHHT&£=¥®£3¥£3

Svowvoxoxowsx5sw6FUIIAOHHOHAT40AHI#5%o+o=o%o2o3&%

&IUTTIHHIISTET3E.BWONMI.LHIHD

aremyjogoidwes 0g

Sample Software 31

FEe 1 HHRACTER = 1R iHG. Is USEL OMLY 1M TnE LIRBELG FRIMTOUT SECTION.3 RAMETER WEEDEL 1:

' 13 AM INTEGER MWUMEER T0 EE COMYERTED IMTU A CHARARCTERLEF FHWF$CINTEGER H»INTEGER I,J,KDIM H$LS]IF M»=1@ THEM 4&4a ICONYERT ONE DLIGIT MUNEERSHE=CHRS (H+483

B RETURH H$IF H>=1@8B THEMH$=CHR$CH DIVRETURH H$IF H»1888 THENI=H DIV 1&gJ=H mMOL i@@ DIV 18HE=CHR${ I+48)LCHRS (T+4 2 LCHRECH MO (6+38)RETURH H$I=H DY iB@@J=H MOD 1888 DIV 188K=H MOD 1@& DIV 1@

RIMG

PCOMVERT TWd B1GIT;eCHRS N MOD 18+48)

H PR3 I+4800CHRECT T 420 L0HRICE+ 480 ROHRE (1 MOD 1G+48)

3 RETURH H$

4915 FHEWD

4525 & %+ = % % % x & & = = = s x' .t ROM AND IHSTRUCTION PRINTOUT FUMCTIOM: THIS FUNCT1OM! CREATES A STRIMG CONTAIMIHG THE ROHUMEER AND BEGIMNING

4545 | AND EWDING FUMCTION MUMBERS. IT IS5 USED OHLY IH THE BISEBLO||!'

FRINTOUT SECTION. PARAMETERS MEEDED ARE:12ROM HUMEER

FIRST IMSTRUCTION HUMEERZrLAST IMSTRUCTION HUMEBER

4970 LEF FHP${INTEGER R, INTEGER I,INTEGER FuDIM R$L3E]

RE="ROM "&FNFSCRIL" ("RFMF$CL2IF I=F THEN 43335RE=RFL" - "LFHF$CF)RE=REL "RETURN R$

FHENTDs E % xw s = E &+ aa + P B! BINARY ARCH FUNCTION: FUNCTION SEARCHES FASSED CHARACTER ARRAYi FGR PASSED AND RETURNE INDEX OF KEY FOUMD INM ARRAY OR @ IF' HO KEY WAS NI, FARAMETERS RERUIREL ARE:' LYINDEX OF FIRST POSITION CINTEGER! 23 IMDEX OF LAST TION <INTEGER:! 33KEY TO BE FOUND ¢(STRINGD! 4)STRING ARRAY IH WHICH THE SEARCH 1% MADEDEF FMSC{IMTEGER I,7,08,R$C22INTEGER F,L,HF=1L=JM=CFeLy DIV 2 PFIHD CEHTER OF ARRHT

=AECM) THEN RETURH ¢ PIF KEY HRS BEEN FOUWL, RETURH [HIEIF QE>A$CM) THEN F=mM+1IF Q$CASOME THEN L 1IF Fi{=L THEH 58578 VCOMTIHUE SERARCH THROUGH AFPROPRIATE HALF

IRETURM & IF ZEARCH FAILZRETURH 1

FHEND| sEsssessssrs END OF BAR CODE GEMERRTIO FROGRRAN *#4s2%%ss4aasssass

32 Sample Software

Generating Other Bar Code Types (FULFCN)

This program producessingle rows of bar code containing complete key phrases (irect Execution — type 4), numeric

data (Types 6 and 9), and/or alpha data (Types 7, 8,10, and 11). It prompts the user for input and responds to a “?7”’

by displaying theinstruction set on the CRT. FULFCNdiffers from PRGMBRin that a row of barcodeis generated

immediately after each completed line of input.

Wheninputting a complete HP-41 function the user types the function asit would appear in an HP-41 program line

{without line number). If the user wishes to produce data bar code the inputis typed as follows:

HP-41 Type Bar Code Input Expected by FULFCN*

Numeric Data DATA 123.45Alpha-replace Data . DATA "HELLO"Alpha-append Data DATA A’THERE’Numeric Sequenced Data DATASEQ 123.45 1

Alpha-replace Sequenced Data DATASEQ 'HELLO' 2Alpha-append Sequenced Data DATASEQ A’'THERE’ 3

*The number 123.45 and the alpha lettersare the “data;" the individual numbers 1,2, and &in the sequenced data are the sequence numbers that will be placed in the bar code.

FULFCN is 4 table driven program with all the functions containedin a data table. (Each entry in the table includes the

function plus four parameters.) When the data table is read in, the function name is placed in string ““T$”’, the first

parameter is placed in array ‘“‘Datar”, the second parameter into array ‘“Datac”, the third parameter into array

“‘Arg”, and the fourth parameterinto array ‘‘Alpha’’. Thefirst two parameters correlate the functionto its position in

the HP-41 Function Table (Table 111, page 45). The third parameter indicates the number of argumentsallowed for that func-tion. The fourth parameter indicates whether or not an alpha argumentis allowed.

When the inputstring is given,it is parsed into three strings using spaces as delimiters. At the end of this parse routine

““F$” contains the function name, ““A1$"’ contains the first argument, and “‘A2$” containsthe second argument. If

there were no arguments input, strings ‘‘A1$”” and ““A2$" are blank.

At this point “‘F$” is examined.If it contains a “*??”” then the instruction set is displayed, followed immediately by a

prompt for input. If ‘“F$*’ contains ‘“DATA” or “DATASEQ”the program branches to the section that generates

Data bar code. Otherwise the string ““T$” (which contains the function names from the data table) is searched. If the

function namein ““F$” is not found in *“T$”, a message that the function was not found is displayed and the user is

prompted for another instruction.

FULFCN Syntax

The syntax of the HP-41C instructions recognized by "*FULFCN’” isthe sameas that recognized by “*PRGMBR”. The

same execeptions are found in this program: “E£”, ““ 5>, and ““#** are represented by the ASCII characters “&”",“@”, and “#" respectively. Also, single quotes instead of double quotes are used for texts and alpha labels. The

Alpha-append instruction is indicated by an ““A”’ preceding the single quotes and character string.

Sample Software 33

FULFCN Program Listing

THIS PROGRAN FROMFTS THE USER FOR HF-31 [/FE © Tt Wiol BETEANSLATED INTO A CHARARCTER STRING REPRESENTIHRRARARRERFEEFFR I LRILA I U R R LRI R A SRAR

''s'' : If @ INFUT STRING! AE @ DUF STRIME YARIAELE||||||!'

Al% © FIRST ARGUMENT STRIHGSECOMD ARGMEHT STRING

F$ : FUNCTIOH HAME STRIHGOUTPUT STRIMG i7"z AMD & =

cMy: DECIMAL YALUE OF EBYTE<M: IM EAR CUBE.sum: CHECK S0M

HUMEER OF EYTES I CODE

LEHGTH OF IWFUT STRIMG

LEMGTH OF FUNCTION STRINGLENGTH OF ARGUMENT STRING

INDEX WARIABLETyp=: BAR CODE TYFE HUMEERIi«»: DIGITS FOR DATA TYFEJ : IMDEM VARIABLE

'i'''' K IHIDEX VARIAELE' ¥g t DUMMY YRARIAELE' T3 : TABLE FOR FUNCTIONE HAMES! Datar(+3: DATAR FOR FUNCTIONSi b ci%3: DATA FOR FUNCTIONi Argl*s: NUMBER OF RRGUMEHi INDICATES IF ALFHR ARCUMEH' EBIMARY BALUE OF DUTFUT STRIMG

DECIMAL WALUE OF BYTE f%)

Rl HUMEERUMH HUHEER

ALLOWEDR FOR FUNLTLUN

Alphais ARE ALLOWED

Ear (%)Tec(xa:E$: OUTFUT STRINGLine: OUTFUT LIME HUMEER

''DoARRRRRRRNR AR SRR RS A S n s st Esa stttbt

'

MAIH FROGRAMNT

OPTION BAR3E 1FRINTER I3 9DIM 130983, A1$0581, AZFISAI, FEO1AD, BSIF1S], xE018], TSDIM A$0SH]DIM Bytedler, D360, Datari2sDIM Bar<15@0OM ERROR GOTO &138Lire=a

LB, B5H15012

sDatac

2560, Ar

! READ IH TAELE FOR HF-41 FUNCTIONSFOR I={ TO 256

READ T$(I2,Nataril>,DataIF T#I)="*END*" THEN £3&

HEAT 1 |IF THE LOOF EXITED NORMALLY THEN *END= M7BISP “ERROR IN TABLE DATR. MISSING “#EMD=STOF

1), Rrgtls, Alphacls

FOLRD

| COME HERE IF THE TAELE WAS RERD CORRELCILY! TOTAL IS THE MUMBER OF EHITR

| FROMPT LSER FOR IMSTRUCTION REGUESTIHPUT “WOULD YOU LIKE IMSTRUCTIONS 7%,

$01,11 | JUST CHECK FIRST LETTER$="H" THEW 1888UIF IHPUT 1% ANYTHHG OTHER THAM “NOY THEW DISPLAY INSTRL

"THIS PROGRAM FROMFTS THE USER FOR HF-41 EAR CODE TYRE"CCOMMAN TUST TYPE THE COMHAMD AS TOU WOULD OM THE"

"HP-41 WITH THE FOLLOWIMG EXCERTION!

Total= It THELE

" FOR HUMERIC DATA 1ODATA %, .88 *ALFHA REFLACE DATA : DATA “®&.. . &&°"ALPHA AFPEND DATA @ DATA ##...%%""SEQUEMCED DATA USE THE FOLLOWING FORMAT: "

34 Sample Software

85 i DHIASER LATA SEus”

354 FUR [HSTAHCE, DATRSER 1 45364

a SIMILARLY, ALL ALPHA TEXT STRING ARGUMEN L i56 YARE DELIMITED WITH “=."29R YFOR CSIGMA,ANGLE, AND HOT ESUAL [H TEXT STRiNGS 0 B, AHL®1@ U RESPECTIVELY."11a1z "FOR FUMCTIONE WITH THE GREER LETTER913 “ht, AMD m-L "14 "FOR THE HOT ERUAL Z1GMH USE #, AHD326EEL] MENTER: FOR INSTRUCTIONS AT AMHYT TEEE]

1 CENTER =3TOF T TERMIMATE THE FROGR

wSRR

EG

“TERMINATE ALL ENTRIES WITH THE COMTINUE| PROMPT LSER FOR IMSTRUCTION TG

BE COLED 7*,1%STRIMGE IM CHSE THEY

INFUT “FLHCTIONFE="" 1 IMITIALA1

fAg=1nI #rssxnsras PARZE OUT THE FLNCT M EHY

I3=TRINSC1$) ¢ DELETE LEADING ANDL=LEHCI$)IF Is="#5T1F 1%

fF* THEN PRINTER IS 18“* THEM STOP

1F L2 THEH 230FOR I TOL i 1 FUNCT

IF CI,T1=" " THE < FifF$=F$41501,1]

HEXT 1

LUTO 1558 ¢ IF HERE, THERE ARE MOAFSTRIMSCISII, L] ! DELETE ANY LEADING-TRAILIF TL=LENCAS)Y | CHECK FOR TENMT &T IF

| TUMF AHEAD AMD F TIF (RS0, T1="""> GR LRELL, 1 At oA

FOR I=1 70O L I OTHI

IF A$CI,I3=" THEN 13441$8AF0I, 1)

IF HERE THERE GHE ARGUHENT ENTERELFRRSE QUT THEALL ARGUNEHNTHIS LOOP PARSE

F oASLI, 11 " THEW IFOR I=1 TO L-f ! SERRCH TEST STRING FOR EHDING

IF A$CI,11=""" THEH

HEXT 1

AlE=f% HERE I[F THERE I3 GHLY OME AREGLUREMT AND IT WASGOTO 1558 A TEXT STRING

HERE IF THERE THO ARGUMEHTS AND THE FIRET WASA TEXT STRIMG

1348G4sEesEErasaananrs END O

SEE IF THERE1598

E ROUTIME #x+4%xINDEED AH INSTEL

GOTO

EELEMCFE OLEMGTH OF

EM(R1%: ! LEHMGTH 0OF

EHMCR2E LEMGTH OF

TRING

ENTARGUMENT

Sample Software 35

P00 THENW 798 MERHS TG REPEM]DIRTAY THEM 365& tOIUNMF AHERD IF IT 1='IAT @Y THEM Z&

HEHHARHAEERE HERE FOR FUNCTI TYFE CODE ##s##sitsashanhshtsnanns! SERRCH FOR THE Ib UCTION IH THE THELE

v 2zF#=T$(Z) THENF$<T$(Z THEHF$>T#$0Z» THEHse=Y THEM 1739

FOINTS Td THE CORRECT TRELE FOSITIAN

tOIF THIE| FLAG THAT THE Fiif

HOT FOUND IW TAELE",F3

A OUATLH THENFOUME I TRELE

BE@ LISk "FUMCTIIISF

07O | PROMPT FOR RHOTHER Ik HCTIoN| HERE FOF A ECT FUNCTICH

2138 | TUMF AHEAD TOHS WITH ARGUAENT:IF Arg(2s:8 THEWg i HERE FOR FUNCTIF (Lal=a) AMD ¢LaZ=83 THEN 2618DISP “THERE SHOULD BE MO RRGUHENTS FoR TDISF "PLEASE ENTER THE FUNCTION AGAINGATO asE

WITH HG

But=(2)=64 FOR FULL FOHNTHE FUHC

S€18+Datacid) i Euued

I M IZ THE HUMEER TES| CALCULATE THE CHECKSUM| CALCULATE DUTFUT STRING HERE

3 ! RETURH TO PROF FOR A TRUCT LanFoE oxoF womow ok o om % R B X R 3 E E F £ E ¥ E E X E X OE F ¥ F o

| HERE FOR FUMCTIONS MITH ARGUMEMTSCHECK THE TwPE OF RRGU

9 | OCHECK FOR ERERL FOR

GOSUE 48IF <RL>4: OR 4RIF ArgoZi=2 THEH

| 111811111111 HERIF Lal>@ THERDISF "ARGUMENT REGUIRED,GATO 238

IF A1$="IHD" THEM 3818IF Al=8 THEH

AFGLMENTS

2 ARGUMENTS£1111111118183111111

T UAZ EMTERED

| IMDIRECT ARGUMEMTS! OMUMERIC ARGLMEMT! ALFHA MUMERIC A! ALFHA HUMERIC AR! OSTRCK ARGUMENTS''

LRMEMTSUHEHTS .5 THEN

THEM

IF HONE OF THE REGWE REGUMENT §FES WERE FOUNDTHEM IT [$ AN ALFHA ARSLNENT

SIHGLE ARGUMENT, ALPHA TYFE RIALHISLALRIALALALAIF Alphac2r=1 THEN 2 | CHECK TO ZEE IF ALFHR ARGLDISF “ALFHA ARGUMENTS NOT ALLOWED FOR THIS FUMCTIGH®ISk ENTER FUNCTION RGAIN"SOTC 3

Byted

! 1AIALAIALIAL HERE FOR

#16+0atac iz

1 oStactt OF THE ALPHAVEnd IS THE Byts NUMEER FOR THE LASY EYTE OF THEU ALPHA ARGUMENT TEXT STRIMG''

E SE18LEHCALS)

GOTO 248

£ INIHIHIHIN HERE FOR SINGLE ARGUMEHT, MUMERIC TWPE IWIHIHIMIMIMIMIHIN1NIF R1<»4 THEM 2598 | CHEC OFERATION

A THEHTHEHTHEHTHEHTHEH

CREATE ALFHA STRINGH 1= THE HUMEER OF BYTE

IH THE COLE

36 Sample Software

THENZE" THEM

“"LEL" THEM zgWALCAL$) )

AHT THEMARGUMENT OUT OF RAMGE

©OLHECE FOR! OCHECK @! CHECE FOR

B8 | CHECK FuR

WGE OF ARLUMENT

| MEVE JUMPEL HERE A-1| WEWE JUNMFED HER a-s

©OSET FUHCTION CODEECL FOR PROFER FLN OF FUNETIONS

! THAT HAYE DIFFEREMT! RRGUMENT TYF LIKE: HE@, 5TQ,

DIFFERENTL

IF Fi="2ER"IF F$="GTO"IF Fe="LEL"Eytedd

H 15 THE WUMBER OF BYTES L# COLE

HERE FOR DEL,GTO.

E#latar(Zy+Datac 2’

"GTO. ") ANDIF <F#="GT."» AND

TO. " AND

Byretds=VALIALEY DIY 2Eyte(Si=VALAT$: MOD =

| ZET CORRECT ES EBYTES IN THE CODE

INDERECT #IHGLCHECK FOR ARG2 CIHDC v, T#

DISF "MISSING

3IE4H GOTO 995

tOCHECK FOR STACK ARGLMENT

tOUHELK FOR MUMER L ARGURENT. Gy ALE| AND HUMERIC FRGLMEMTS AR LOWED 30 IFAH?THING ELSE 1% ENCOUNTERED, FLRS THE ERROR

F IMFROFER ARGUMENT FOR “IND- ", 1%

THEM 3178 '

FANGE FUR ARGUMENT

; ZEG"> OF cF$="GTO") THEN Byts(3g+x

GTO" THEM Eyteid)

4 EYTES [N CODE

& HERE FOR THO ARGUMENT FUMCTIGHS 2zzAHD <LaZ>@3 THEW 3378 | JUMF AHERD @ ARGUMENTS

YTWO ARGUMENTS ARE REGUIRED. FLEASE EMTER FUNCTION AGAIH®GOTO 93@IF Al=1 THEM

(A1<»@) OR

CHZC a0THEH 3338

atarZieté+latac (20 +YALLALSY DIV 4

EITE FOR GTL. .

Sample Software 37

ALwrlE, MU 4asd+¥ALLAZE, #Ol 64

GOT

DIsFGOTO

2256TINFROPER FiRST ARGUMEMT.

FUNLTLGH RSHIN

SEC UHEMT MUST BE HURERICCOND ARGLMENT. CTION AGALN

[RRRRRRERES

CAzny DIY 1@RES(Asr> MOD 18

<8 THEH Up={REEytsidr=lps16+DnStart=5 !

HUMEER OF THE FIRST BYIE 1N

STRINGEnd IS THE Bute HUMEER OF THE LAST BYTE IN THE

Erd=LEHCAL$+4STRING

CREATE RALFHA STRIH 15 THE HUMEE®

GUSUE SeiaH=d+LENCAL1$)GOTO 2848

EYTES [N TRE CODE

REEREEEREA IR AT R ATA ARARRAR EAR AAE AR IR AR IR A AR A BAA| HERE FOR DATA TYFE EAR CODE

SOSUE 4898 | CHECK FOR THE ARGUMEMT TYFEIF LEHCA1$) THEH 4108IF (A1:4Y CAZ>41 THEN 334 HECK FOR ERRORSIF A1 THEMN Zg@@ HLUMER: TYFE DATAIF THEH 4341 t ALPHA REFLACE TYFE TATAIF THEM 4171 ! ALPHA AFPEML TYPE LATRHOHHHHHHNN N HMERIC DATA M M M N N H MM S Mo 8 NN N NN

! HERE FOR MUMERIC TYPE LRTH! SET THE DIGITEIF LEM{A1$2¢>1 THEM

a

!

C=ST0 THEM Dols=vAL oHTHEW DlTHEM Delx

AI$0I,1 - THEM DIAL$0T, 1 E" THEM T¢ICDCIXCRY OR cBCIxsl4r THEN 4189 FESIT LOGOF On 1

ALSCI, TR1%LI,1

FER Lluil

HENT 1IF F$="DATASEQ" THEMN 4 Y IF LEMCR1$3>1 THEM 28

1641918%16+D001

&6,@

GOTO 2848

©OSET TYFE CODE. SINMCE Twit DIGITS CAN EEFRCKED IWTO A SIHGLE BYTE, A MULL HAS TO EE

| APFENDED IF THERE ARE AM EVEH NUMEER OF DIGITS

IF LEM(A1$) MOL 2=8 THEN Bute2)=6x1&+18 | TH A HULLJ=z I J TELLS WHERE I DewsIF LEHCA1$) MOD 2=8 THEW J=1 | J TELLS WHERE I DeEsk=3 ! K IS THE Bute POINTER

FOR I=J TO LEM(A1%» STEP 2 | THIS LOOP SET IHTO ButeB E#DCIa+DCI+10¥

H=2+LENCALS: DIV 2 U N I3 THE MUMEER OF EYT

38 Sample Software

HUMEBERS

| Bptei23 AMD ¢ ORRE THE TvFE AND SEQ # 35| K I3 THE Evts HUMBERI T 15 THE POIMTER IMTO Dis4871 L JUMF AHEAD FOR AN EVEN BUMBER OF DIGITE

! HER AW DDD HUMBER OF TIGITS

#18+Dc10LEHCA1%) STEPLESDCTS+DCI+10

LOTHIE LR IHTO Byreiss

HEXT IH=3+LEHCA1S) MOD Z+LENCALS) D1y MLGOTO 26468 ! JUME ERCE T DO

| ERRGR IH MUMERIC DRTHDISF “ERROR 1N WUMERIC DATA",I$GOTO 338

| AR AFAAAARARARARAGALFHA AFFEMD A A A A A A A R A A A A B H At HERE FOR ALFHA APFEWD IATH

UF THE BRR CODERHD GUTPUT

IF F¥="DRTAZEG" THEM 4311Byte(2i=128+LENIALE) Bytsi2) THE MUMEER UOF

! SET THE I1 EQUIVALENT OF THE rart Start IS THE Byte MUMEER OF THE FIRST EYTE

IN THE TEXT STRINGEnd I% THE byte HUMBER OF THE LAST EYTE IM THETEXT STRIMGSET THE Butes WITH THE

Erd=LEHCAT$)+2

P Seia

|EST OF THE EYTES WITH THE A

||!'''

EHCRLISI+2 H IS5 THE LEMGTH OF THEGOTO 2848

S=q=VALIAZE) | HERE FOR DRTASED RLFHA258

N=LEHCA1%2+3GOTO za4@

MR AFAAAARAAA A ALFHA REFLACE A H A R A s AR AAHHRHAHRHAIF F#="DATI @Y THEH 4441

Bute{20=112+LENLALS)Ztart

t By w27 1% THE NUMEER OF ChHARMCTERS

! MUMEER OF FIRST Eyts IN THE TEXT STRINGEnd=LENCALIS) | MUMEER OF THE LAST Byte IM THE TEXT STRINGGOSUR S&1d ! OASEIGH I CHARALTERS TO E

EHCAL$1+2 ' LEHGTH OF COLE IH

Bute

[

070 4313#triEsrkeresasaraers EHD OF NALN ROUTINE swessssctssrratrnnannsenatARRRRbbbRebbbbbbt

CHECKSUM CALCULATION ROUTIME

Byrs(@i=10%16+(Seq-1) 01y 258GO

'4526 !

454m 1 THI$ ROUTIME CALCULATES AW EIGHT EIT CHECK''

ur FOF AN H BYTET BE IMITIALIZED TO THE HUMEER OF BYTES IH THE COLE

OUTINE IS CALLED.ERR COLE. H MUEEFORE THI%Z

CkamFOR I=2 TO H t W IS THE HUMBER OF EYTES IM COLE

Ckam=Ckam+ByterlsDISP "BYTE " I,Buteill

HEXT I

DIY 256+Cksm MOLDIY 256+Ck=m MOD o

o

ksm

SUM *, Bytedl)

RETURH

Sample Software 39

RATTTR TR T T TT T AT T T TR T AT T kTRtBARRRRRRRRARRS

ARGUMEHT TVFE ROUTIHETHIS ROUTIME DETERMIMES THE TYFE OF THE UHENTRETURMS THIS IHFORMATION TO THE MAIH FROGRAM INM HI FOF THE FIARGUMEHT AHD A2 FOR THE SECOND. THE ARGUMENT TYFES ARE ZEFIHED AS

MERMIHGHUMERIC IATHALFHA REFLACE LATHALFHA APFEMD DATHA THROUGH Ta THROUGH =STACK ARGUMENTSERRORS IH ARGUMEHT=

Lal=@ THEN RETURHNF$ " KRONYLal»2 THENWLa2»z THEH1235 AND ¢“HRGUMENT S TOOH

IF AL$="IMD" THEM S2d4@ 'IF ©Lal=1) AND CAL$="E") THEM S@aqFOR I=1 Lal

#I=HUMCALSCOT, 100(14433 OR (R1XS720 AND (H1s3655 THEH 4958

PHE COND ARGUMENT

Sz48 | CHECE FORIF Lal»l THEN S85&IF (HUMIRIE24y AMD <LIF CHUMCRLI$2 236 AND (MUKIF Al$="X" THEN Al=4

SECOHD ARGUMENT

THEW Al=THEN F

IF THEHMIF THEHM

THEMTHEHN

AL CR1S$La,20=" "0 AHL (A1ELLAND R1SLLa1,Lail="""> THEW Al ,11

IF A1>8 THEN S160

1ISF DATA. CH FOR MISZ1HGAL=5

RETURHF THEH

THEMTHEM

.S THEN A1$=A1%IF COFE="ETO"Y OR VO OHMD CuHL=d. Ok LAL=3 THEH Si2 Lal=LEM<AL#:

| HERE FOR SECOMD ARGUAENT9 THEM RETURH

FiR I=1 T0 LaZH1=HUMCAZ$LT, 1]

IF €(X1{43) OR »OAND 3 THEHWHEXT 1GOTO 5478

IF La2>1 THEHW %

ENTHENe THEM"2t THEM

IF Rz§="L"IF (HUMCAZ$) 2640 AND CHUMOAZE)C - W THEH RA2=3

40 Sample Software

IF CMUMORZEGOTO 5476

ARD L HUMCHZF 18

IF (R2%01,1 " AND THEH RIF (R2$01,1 "3 ANDIF Az:8 THEW 5470

DISP "ERR

IH DATA. CHECK FOR

OR THPROFER HUMBER®

RETURNIF A2=1 THEN R23=A2

THEN A2THEN Az#=AZS THEN A2THEN Az%

La2=LENCAZFYRETURN[! ALPHA STRIMG PLACEMENT ROUTIHE

1111

[2,La203, La

TeererebrrRrTieT e

Start T EndBute(Jr=HUMCAIFLE, K1IF ALK, K1="@" THEN BytIF AL$CK,KI="#" THEM BytIF AL$0K,kI="&" THEN Bute(lr=12:(=41

HERT TRETURHAAbRRRTTR T T T T T r ettt b e T ATe

OUTFUT STRING GEHERATION

-1

v 2

FOR I=1 TO £=HIF Barili=B THEW EF=HF& .IF Baril: THEH E$=B$&°:>

HERT 1B$ RESTS

! PRINT TITLEFRINT 1%,CHRES: RF(310LEHR COALEL SET HAL

'

PRINT BUFFERCDATAY> OR (F$="DATASEQ") THEM PRINT UslHG

¢ DATA") OF (FE="DIATASER") THEM =036IF Arg{Zr=@ THEN FRINT USING £814;B#IF ArgiZr=1 THEN PRINT USING ;BEIF THEN PRINT HG JE$IMAGE 288AIMAGE S5aRFRINT CHR$(271%

o

HRE$ (a3| CHECK FOR A FILLEDL PAGE

Line=line+l

IF Line<{15 THEH RETURH 1 IF THERE 12 LINES, Reiukd

FRINT CHRSC12) ! SEND OUTLine=@

RETURH

| RSEARAR Rrr e nt RARRSRSRAR RRS ni d A AR RERR! ERRORSIF ERRM<>18 THEN 5258

DISF "IHFUT STRING WA TOO LOMG, FPLEASE CHECK IT."

UISF "CHECE LINE HUMEER ",ERRLDISF vI= v, 1DIZP "LENGTH 0OF A¥F "L LEHCAE:

DISP "LEMGTH OF Al$= ",LEMC(A1$,

H1HTHIHTHiHT

IHIHTHiHT

woOHIHD{H1HTHidgdHiddP(WLHLHTHLHIHLHTHLIHTHLHTHiHOH1dTHLHTHiHO

SHLHT

HiddHlddHlddHLWTHLHIH1HIHIHTH1lHDH1HTH1HTH1HTHLHDHigdHigd

HldlHLlYTHlHIHLlEIH1HTH1HTY1HLHTH1HTHidmHiddH1lHdHigdBlddBidd

f2f1a0WidgTpUI0KWLIHT

HigdBLlddHLHTHLHTHLHDHIHTBTHigdHidgdHlddHIHTHIHT

=)

BE@

Iaremyoseidwes

T

a@g@ag@gaE

BHEDONOO

ORDD0D

0P0D0l

T3ITFHLHIWGMTMITNE0dd3741

‘afod3LH3‘p1efTm3

-‘mca

HIHT3791i

TFAA35,HITUANINIT3.d3dUNH40433,

33,A3EMAN3HIT

B2IEHIHLB2a1EsHIHL

ST39TONAHSFHHLOMIT.4511

Dm0

SDDD

LS

@D

[oo

a2

Section 4

Algorithms

Checksum Algorithms

All rows of HP-41 bar code have a checksumin the lefumost positions of the row. All but the Paper Keyboard have an

8-bit end-around carry checksum. The two byte Paper Keyboard bar code uses only a 4-bit end-around carry checksum.

Following are the algorithms for checksums stated in a block-structured language.

Eight-Bit (One Byte) Checksum

The checksumsfor all HP-41 bar code, except Program bar code,are local checksums and are calculated separately for

each row. For Program bar code (Type 1 and 2), a running checksum is used. That is, the checksum for each row is the

sum of that row plus the sum of all previous rows.

Let X be a running checksum. (This would be cleared at the beginning of each row for all butTypes 1and 2.)

Let N be the number of bytes in this row of bar code.

Let Y be an array holding bytes two through N.

Let Z be a temporary variable.

Let / be a pointer into the byte array ¥

BEGINIf TYPE <> 1and TYPE <>2 Then X=0Fori=2to N DoBEGINZ=X mod 256 + Y(l) mod 256X=2Z mod 256IfZ > 255 then X=X+1

ENDY(1)= X mod 256

END

43

44 Algorithms

Four-Bit Checksums

Four-bit checksumsare found only in Two Byte Paper Keyboard bar code. They use end-around carry but are summedin 4-bit nybbles.

Let SUM bethe calculated checksum.LetY be the array that holds the two bytes.

Let/ be the pointer to the Y array.

LetK be the loop counter.

BEGINSUM=0I=1BEGIN

IfK > 1Then /=2If K=2 Then J = ¥(I) DIV 16

Else J = Y(l) MOD 16SUM = SUM MOD 16+ JIf SUM > 15 Then SUM=(SUM MOD 16)+1

ENDY(1)=SUM+16 + Y(1) MOD 16

END Program Bar Code Algorithms

In orderto write your own software to generate program bar code you will need a good understanding of the HP-41and the internal structures of program memory. The HP-41 Owner’s Manual and Programming Guide is a goodresource, particularly appendix D, Program Memory Storage Requirements and Last X Operations. Other important

referencesforthis section are Table I11, The HP-41 Function Code Table (page 45), and Table IV, The Numeric Values

for A-J, a-e, and the Stack (page 50). It will also be helpful to refer back to program “‘PRGMBR”’ to see how these

algorithms are implemented in a working program.

In arow of Program barcode, the code for a simple one byte function appearsin program memoryas a combination of

the row and column location of that function in Table I11. For most two-byte functions (for example, a function with a

numeric argument) the first byte contains the function’s location in the table; the second byte contains the value ofthe

argument.

There are also several functions that are not asstraightforward and need further explanations. These are enumerated

following Table III.

Algorithms 45

LOwW ORDER 4 BITSv s

. ' 2 . 5 s . s W w e a so wow aioo waor cecoz Levos aLos teLos Lecos eLor tevos sLos teLio| weLn eLie teLis L

agn gto | 2 s . s 6 : s 9 o eex enimy arou xeaue

= roLoo RoLor Revoz AoLos AcLos RoLos meLos Reuor AoLas RoLos Acuio moLn AoLiz| Rowws Aoiis RoLis

2 som ston ston stoo stoos stoes s1o0s sToor stoes sto0s so10 st | s1012| S0 18 STO 14 STO0 15one

4 + - - ’ Xe¥r|X=¥2|X<=¥2[ I+ - HMS+ HMS- mOD % %CH P-R AP BYTE

s wo @ [somr| v ows & s w0 o1 s cos tan asw aces aman oec

a6 wx aes eact xe07| x>0 |tdiex| x<on| x=00 wr emac o-m R0 aws wa o ocr

£7 a |xesv| m ast| m eon [wenx ox xevr [xsve| son |x <o wean soev aview oogS5 oee aap Grap |Ewremi| stop A eeee cua aswe pse cuno aorr aon ore |erower| aov5

o ReLon St0nn ST+ a| ST an ST o | STan 156 an 0SE nn view an [2ReG an|ASTO an|ARCLm| Fixn scin Enen TonEn

10 xeom xeow xeom xrom xrow xaom xeou xmom s | crmn Froan [roreml Fstan Foran |STOXEQwoBvie

“ 000 61001 67002 67003 6TO0s GT005 61006 GTO a7 GT008 6TO 08 GTO 10 GTO N | GO 12 BT 3 BTO 14

2 - ALPHA LABEL AND END INSTRUGTIONS = <> mn| LBLon

" THREEavrew“

1 e vexr vexr re vea e rexr rea e re| rea e e orer rea fuero1 2 3 3 S o 7 5 o e || e R R S| [eeve

Table III.

Lables

function is found inthree different locations in Table 111

Short Form Numeric Labels. Thefirst place it appearsis at Row 0, columns 1 through 14. This is a short form

numeric label( 14), which requires only one byte in program memory.

Long Form Numeric Labels. Row 12, Column 15 represents numeric labels with argument values greater tharn

fourteen, (this includes the local Alpha Labels A-J, and a-¢). Thefirst byte in this two byte label contains the function

location 12,15 (11001111) and the second byte contains the argument value. For the local Alpha Labels the values of

A-J and a-e are found in Table IV, page 50.

Global Alpha Labels. These labels are found at Row 12, Columns O through 13. Their structure in program

memoryis as follows:

1200 0000 15 xx 00 00 cecee ccee eeee e ccee—_—— —_— =L = —_—

Byte: 1 2 3 4 5 6 xx+3

Byte 1 = Function Location (11000000)Byte 2 = Uncompiled Label Chain (00000000)Byte 3 String code + (No. of ASCII Chars. + 1)(1111xxxx])Byte 4 = Reserved for Key Assignment (00000000}Byte § = 1st Character (ASCII Value)

Byte xx + 3 = Last Character

46 Algorithms

Execute [XEQ]

function is also found in three different locations in the HP-41 Function Table (Table 111).

Numeric and Local Alpha Execute. This function ((X nn) is found at Row 14, Columns 0 through 15.

14 00 00 00 xx xx—_— —— ——

Byte: 1 2 3

Byte 1 = Function Location (11100000jByte 2 = Uncompiled Address (00000000Byte 3 = Argument Value

Global Alpha Execute. This function ((XEQ]«) is found at Row 1, Column 14.

01 14 15 xx cce esse eses CCCC

Byte: 1 2 3 XX +2

Byte 1 = Function Location (00011110}

Byte 2 = String Code + No. of ASCII Chars. {1111xxxx)Byte 3 = First Character (ASCII Value)

Byte xx + 2 = Last Character

indirect Execution. This function ([X

nn) is found at Row 10, Column 14.

10 14 1x xx—_————

Byte: 1 2

Byte 1 = Function Location (10101110)

Byte 2 = Argument Value with the Most Significant Bit Set (Txxxxxxx) Go To

The function has four locations in the Function Table. It has both short and long form numeric, as well as

GT0 and

Short Form Numeric Go To.(

nn for nn <15). This is found at Row 11, Columns 1 through 15.

11 nn 00 00—_—— ——

Byte: 1 2

Byte 1=Function Location + Argument Value (1011nnnn)Byte 2=Uncompiled Address (00000000)

Algorithms 47

Long Form Numeric and Local Alpha Go To. ((GTO| an for s>14). This is found at Row 13, Columns 0

through 15.

1300 0000 nn nneee

Byte: 1 2 3

Byte 1 = Function Location (11010000}Byte 2 = Uncompiled Address (00000000)Byte 3 = Argument Value (nnnnnnnn)

Indirect Go To. ((G

INDJ nn). This is found at Row 10, Column 14.

10 14 0n nn

Byte: 1 2

Byte 1 = Function Location (10101110)Byte 2 = Argument Value with MSB Cleared (Onnnnnnn)

Global Alpha Go To. (

«). This is found at Row 1, Column 13.

0113 15 XX CCCC seess oses CCCC

Byte: 1 2 3 XX+2

Byte 1 = Function Location (00011101}Byte 2 = String Code + No. of ASCII Chars. {1111xxxx)Byte 3 = First Character (ASCII Value)

Byte xx + 2 = Last Character

Store and Recall (STO], [RCL

Both ofthese functions have two numeric locationsinthe table as well as one alpha location. In both cases to make the

the most significant bit of the second byte (the argument value) is set to one.

Short Form Numeric (

through 15.

n; nn <=15). These are found at Rows 3 and 2, Columns 0

RR CC—_——

Byte: 1

Byte 1= Function Row Number+ Argument Value

Long Form Numeric

nn,

nn; nn >15). These are found at Row 9, Columns 1 and 0.

RR CC nn nn—_— ——

Byte: 1 2

Byte 1 = Function Location (10010001 = [ASTO]; 10010000 = [RCL] }Byte 2 = Argument Value (nnnnnnnn)

48 Algorithms

Alpha ([ASTO] nn, [ARCL] nn). These are found at Row 9, Columns 10 and 11

RR CC nn nn—_—— ———

Byte: 1 2

; 10011011 = [ARCL])

Byte 1 = Function Location (10011010 =

Byte 2 = Argument Value (nnnnnnnn)

Alpha Text Strings

This function is found at Row 15, Columns1 through 15.

15 XX ©CCC sses oo ccce———— ——

Byte: 1 2 xx+1

Byte 1 = Function Location + Number of ASCII Characters (1111xxxx}Byte 2 = First Character (ASCIl Value)

Byte xx + 1 = Last Character

End

Each bar coded program must have an [END| function as the last three bytes of the program. It must be set to the

following values:

1200 0000 0215——e——

Byte: 1 2 3

Byte 1= 11000000 (Decimal 192)Byte 0000000 (Decimal 0)Byte 3=00101111 (Decimal 47)

Header Algorithms

The preceding text covers the HP-41 program memory configurations ofthe various calculator functions. At this point

it is important to understand the specific algorithms needed to make the header of each program bar code row.

Thefirst byte of the headeris the checksum which was covered beginning on page 43. The second byte has the typefield

and the row sequence numberinit (refer to Figure 1, page8). Thetypefield is set to ““1”* for non-private and to 2"’ for

private bar code. In the sample program “PRGMBR”’a counteris kept which labels each bar code row with a con-

secutive row number. Using this row number the internal sequence numberis generated as follows:

Sequence Number = Row Number (Minus 1) Modulo 16.

In any Program type bar code row, the third and last byte of the headerspecifiesthe leading broken function code bytes

andthetrailing broken function code bytes of the row (page 7, Program Bar Code). In orderto calculate these values,

the following is needed:

1. One incrementing counter (T5);

2. One decrementing counter (B3);

3. One variable (H1) to hold the number of byiesleft over from the previous row; and

4. One variable (H2) to hold the numberof bytes left over from the current row.

These counters and variables are all initially set 16 zero. Here is a flow chart ofthis procedure.

INITIALIZE VARIABLESB3=T5=H1=Hz=0

e

GET PROGRAM BYTE. DECREMENT B3

3 NOB3 <>0

Tes ‘CLEAR THE BYTE COUNTEROF THE CURRENT FUNGTION

T5=0)

ves sB3 <0

LOOK AT VALUE OF PROGRAM oBYTE AND DETERMINE HOW MANY

BYTES REMAIN. SAVE IN B3

INCREMENT NUMBER OF BYTES THATBELONG TO THE SAME FUNGTION

(T5=T5+1)v -

sBAR CODE ROW oBUFFER FULL ORALL OF PROGRAM

READ2Yes

PUT THE BYTES REMAINING FROM PREVIOUS ROW (H2) INTO H1SAVE BYTES REMAINING FROM GURRENT ROW IN H2.GOMPUTE 3RD BYTE OF HEADER AS: H1+16+T5 MOD 16.

COMPUTE GHECKSUM. PRINT BAR CODE ROW.INITIALIZE BAR CODE ROW BUFFER POINTER,

is

PROGRAMCOMPLETED

7

Algorithms,

49

50 Algorithms

Other Bar Code Algorithms

Direct Execution (Complete Function Code) Algorithms

Thevalue of the barcodeis derived for the most partdirectly fromthe position of the functionin the HP-41 Function

Table (Table 111, page 45). All functions in rows 0 through 8 are one-byte functions and, with the exception of (G

« , require bar code rows of only three bytes in length (two bytes header and one byte function code).

and

Rows0, 2 and 3 as shown in Table III are not used. These are short forms of the functions and they have analogous

long forms that are to be used instead (Row 12, column 15; Row 9, column 0; and Row 9, column 1; respectively).

Thedigit entry functions contained in row 1, columns0 through 13, are handled by type 6 or 9, Numeric Data bar code.

Data bar code types 7, 8, 10, and 11 handle the alpha entry functions contained in Row 15.

Forfunctionsthat are able to have an indirect argument,the indirection is shown by setting the most significant bit of

the argumentbyte to one.

The numeric values for the stack arguments (X, Y, Z, T, and L) as well as A4 through J and @ throughe are found in

Table IV,following:

Numeric Values for A~ J, a—e, and the Stack

A B C D E F G H | J

102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 11

a b c d e X Y z T L

123 124 125 126 127 115 114 113 112 116

TABLE IV.

The first byte in the bar code row is always the checksum; the second byte is always the decimal value 64. Following is a

breakdown of how the values for the remainder of the bytes are formed from the HP-41 Function Table (Table III) for

the different functions.

The programmable function values are derived as follows:

Algorithms, 51

Position inHP-41 Contents of:

Function Table

Row Column Function Byte 3 Byte 4 ces Byte N+4

1 13, 14 GTO, XEQ (Row No.*16) + 1st ASCII Nth (last) ASCII(Alpha) (Column Number) Character Character

4-8 0-15 Referto Table Ill (Row No.x16)+ N/A N/A{Column Number)

9 0-15 Refer to Table lll (Row No.«16)+ Numeric Value of N/A{Column Number) Argument

10 0-7 XRCM (Row No.+16)+ (Rom I.D. mod 4) N/A[(Rom I.D. *64 + (Rom Func.

Number/4)mod 8] No. mod 64)

10 813 Refer to Table IlI (Row No.*16) + Numeric Value of N/A(Column Number) Argument

10 14 GTO/XEQ IND (Row No.+«16) + Numeric Value of N/A

(Column Number) [Argument (If GTOmsb=0, if

XEO msb=1)

12 0-13 LBL, END (Row No.=16) + 1st ASCII Nth (last) ASCII13(LBL) or O(END) Character Character

12 14,15 Refer to Table Ill (Row No.*18) + Numeric Value of N/A

(Column Number) Argument

13,14 0-15 Refer to Table 1l (Row No.#16) Numeric Value of N/A+ 0 Argument

52 Algorithms

The non-programmable function values are derived as follows:

Non- Contents of: (N =The Number of ASCIl Characters)Programmable

Function Byte 3 Byte Four Byte Five . Byte N+3 Byte N+4

CAT 0 Catalog N/A N/A N/ANumber

GTO. 1 Argument(right justified) N/A N/A

GTO.. 1 15 255 N/A N/A

DEL 2 Argument {right justified) N/IA N/A

COPY 3 1st ASClI 2nd ASCII Nth ASCII N/ACharacter Character Character

CLP* 4 1st ASClI 2nd ASCII Nth ASCIHI N/ACharacter Character Character

RIS 5 N/A N/A N/A N/A

SIZE 6 Argument(right justified) N/A N/A

BST 7 N/A N/A N/A N/A

SST 8 N/A N/A N/A N/A

ON 9 N/A N/A N/A N/A

PACK 10 N/A N/A N/A N/A

DELETE 11 N/A N/A N/A N/A

ASN 15 Ax 16+ Bt 1st ASCII N -1 ASCll Nth ASCIICharacter Character Character (N<7) “Thisthree byte barcodeby itself will clear the program where the PG (program counter) is located. If there is an argument It is an Alphastring

1A= ABS{Keycode) DIV 10, B = ABS(Keycode) MOD 10. If Keycode <0 then A= [ABS(Keycode) Div 1048] MOD 16

Numeric Data Functions

In orderto pack as many digits in as short a bar vode row as possible, the sncoding scheme chosen for the digitsuses only four bits per digit, as follows:

DIGIT CODE

0000000100100011010001010110011110001001

NULL 1010ter 1011e 1100- 1101“E” 1110

illegal J 1111

OCBNOTUHWO

Algorithms 53

Since we are using a fourbit BCD code for thesedigits, it may be necessary to add a digit to make the bar code conform

to the “‘n*8 bits” requirement(refer to Section 2). A special case is for standard numeric data (Type 6). When only one

digitis inputit is necessary to add two nulls so that the minimum bar code row length is three bytes.

In all other, casesit is necessary to count the numberof digits in the input string. If the datais standard numeric and

the number ofdigits is even then add a null. If the data is sequenced numeric and the number of digits is odd then

add a null.

FLOWCHART TO CONVERTASGII INPUT STRINGTO INTERNAL 4 BIT NUMERIC REPRESENTATION

START

“AS=INPUT STAING IN ASCHSET COUNTER N=1

GET NTH ELEMENT OFA5,‘CONVERT ELEMENT TO ANINTEGER VALUE& SAVE IN X

PUT X INTO DNy

PUTVALUE 11"INTO Dty

PUT VALUE 12"INTO DIN)

PUT VALUEINTO DNy

- S PUT VALUE*ERRoR INTO D{N}

NCH

ooESN=LENAS)

'ADD A NULL TO D ARRAY

WALUE 10)N=N+1

INTEGER ARRAY D WITH N NELEMENTSREADY TO PUT —{> conmmueINTO BAR GODE ARRAY

54 Algorithms

Alpha Data Encoding

The encoding for the alpha characters is ASCII (with the few exceptions necessary to vonformto the HP 82143A

Printer character set). The values are listed in decimal form in Table V following:

34wS.F.T.dG.aFoo

1@,ti.x120w

&

¥F o

a <i ¥& =

& ha — i

A & J

a H ko E 1o - ~o I io E oE F i12.," G 113.a= H ii14.r

£ I 115.=

¥ i 116. ¢117.u

i 118w- 119w# 1280 %* 7S 1217= sa 2.z& 21 w; a2 i< 8 *2 = =* = -

+

‘Table V. HP 82143A Printer Character Set

Appendix A

Flowcharts

55

56 Flowcharts

PRGMER

sTART

READ DATA TABLESINTO THE PROGRAM

-

INITIALIZE TO RECEIVEAN HP-41 PROGRAM

15500

WANT70 SEE ALISTOF COMMANDS,

—_/ PRINT COMMAND

st7z

GIVE THE PROMT AND2 WAIT FOR INPUT22H3zgo 3

3 Y& 23 3 -

g/ pant contentso8] /THE TEXT STRING ARRAY,

3

GET STATEMENT NUMBERTRIM THE BLANKS.SET DELETE FLAG,

COMMAND JUMPTABLE

. W w o && i3 & gl & @b g 3| g &l 5 iH | 8 & H £l 33| g| 9 g 3 & 3g 2 B & g 7 QIVE ERRORg 2 MESSAGE: z

3 s¢ DELETE FLAG

| SET

DELETE THEUNE

TRIM THE BLANKS FROM

INPUT AND PLAGE INTO THE41 PROGRAM MEMORY ARRAY

NUMBER’

INPUT STARTING 41PROGRAM LINE NUMBERAND INCREMENT VALUE,

41 PROGRAM YESLINE NUMBERT0O BIG

7NO

Flowcharts

<

INPUT THE OLDSTARTING LINE NUMBER,THE NEW STARTING LINE

NUMBER ANDTHE INCREMENT SIZE

MAKE SURE TO NOT

OVERWRITE AN EXISTINGINSTRUCTION

PRINT THE PROMPTAND 41 PROGRAMLINE NUMBER

PLACE POINTER ARRAYINTO A TEMPORARY ARRAY

INPUT THE 41PROGRAM INSTRUCTION

DOES oINPUT ves=“EXIT”

7

NO

PLACE THE 41INSTRUCTION IN THEINPUT ARRAY AND

INCREMENT LINE NUMBER

RENUMBER AND STOREBACK INTO POINTER ARRAY

“RENUMBER

58 Flowcharts

RUNPRIVATE

SET PRIVATE FLAG

~HAS41 PROGRAN NO.ALREADY BEENS

COMPILED,

Yes

INPUT TITLE FOR

/(60 CHARACTERS MAX)

PRINT THE TITLE ANDNUMBER OF THE

PROGRAM REGISTERSREQUIRED

//PRINT MESSAGE THATPROGRAM MUST BECOMPILED FIRST

INITIALIZE THE VARIABLES

GET41 PROGRAM BYTE

sTHIS THE

FIRST BYTE OF >VE° -A FUNCTION

7No

DETERMINE HOW MANYBYTES REMAIN FOR THIS

FUNCTION AND

INCREMENT THE NUMBEROF BYTES READ THAT

REMEMBER ITBELONG TO THE

CURRENT FUNCTION

FINISH COMPUTING THEVALUES FOR THE

HEADER (BYTES 1,28 3)

PRINT THE BAR CODEROW, INITIALIZE THE

BAR CODE ROW BUFFER,

Flowcharts 59

F Tiess)

INTIALZE

ARRAY INOEXFORJ= 1 T02233

409,ERROR CORRECTION

SUBROUTINE

/ ouTRUT wessace/" THAT GOWPILATION

/ s COMPLETE

s SET FINAL END WITH TEXT ENTRY o2ND BYTE UNCOMPILED IRSTRUCTION, LErARPPEns,

(3355) ?

o SET ALPHA APPEND

FLAG

FIND END OFTEXT STRING GET FIRST

OPERANDOPERAND

SET ~ONE WORD SET DIGIT ENTRYFLAs

INSTAUCTION FLAG s .TEXT STRING T, YES700 LoNG

o

sTHERE

A SECONDOPERAND

TRIM BLANKSFROMOPERAND. SET ALPHA FLAG

SET INDIGRECT FLAGTRIM AWAY BLANKS

sTHE OPERAND ™VATHIN BOLNDS

o PRINT

ERROR MESSAGE

60 Flowcharts

TEXT ENTRYWSTRUCTION,

ENTER THE LENGTHOF The STAING.

sTan

WSTRUCTON

ves

o

OOAT THEChaacTER

ENTER THE CHARACTERINTO THE MACHINECOE aRmAY

‘TerE oreCHARACTERS

PAINT ERFORESSAGE

— 1ADD THE Exina BvTE FoR"THE APPEND CHARACTER

s7 rrieRe anSXFONENT

s& mestDG AR &

SEGATIVE EXPONENT

ENTER EXPONENTINTO mACHINE08 AFRAY

PUT CORRECT VALUEFOR -IN ARRAY

7" e£RRORShGE

PONT 10 THEFRST NUMGER

INSTRING

00K 7OAN EXFONENTF THERE 1S ONE SETTHE EXPONERT FLAG

ENTER ANTISSA INTOWACHING CODE ARRAY

PANT ERRGRESSAGE

€RROR CORFECTION‘SUBROUTINE

s

2

[ encuiateOF The iR

HE LENGTHARGLMENT

AT ERRORWESSAGE

THERE LESS™. vesTRO >BiGiTs

F NECESSARY GALGULATESTACK On LoCAL LABEL VALUE

CALGULATE VALLE OFTHE T1%0 DIGIT DPERAND.

BNESSAGE

Flowcharts 61

ADD INDIREGT @iP NECESSARY

s~THE ALPHA .OPERAND FLAG

sTHIS FUNCTION)70" OR “XEQ)

L0AD FUNGTION‘GODE VALUE INTO5B

SHORT FoRMNOMERIC

NUMEER OF CHARS SET oPeRAND.

VALUES

AR) YES CuARACTERSe o VALTHIS FUNCTION) 1skte FORM NUMERIC o

SET VALUES INTGMAGHINE CODE ARRAY PRINT ERROR/ MESSAGE

SET LONG FORMNUMERIC VALUESINTO"MACHINE CODE

‘ARRAY

B

esSorm U sHoRT FoRdWity CALGES W pLack — PUT LONG FORMVALUESI PLACE

w2sn)o 00K UP VALUES|

OF FURCTIONSTN THE TABLE

s

s, o THEFURCTION ™0s N THE TRBLE.A ALPHA 5Lage ERRoR

MESSAGE

PUT SHORS FORMVALUES IN PLACE

SET THE FUNGTIONCODE VALUES FORi FUNGTION

ARE

‘AL AsciCHARACTERSCoRRECT

e OPERANDS1N ORDER AND.

CORRECT.

ERRORMESSAGE

SET GoRmeCTErRoR 5OFERANDVALUESMESSAGE NexT b

——— &0 oF_msTAucTionDECODE L00P. %00 FiNALEND ISTRUCTION SET COMPILATION FLAG

62 Flowcharts

GETPROG

INPUT THE NAMEOF THEFILE0 BE READ

SETTHECOMPILED FLAG

Yes PRINT ERRORMESSAGE

7 THEFILE NO.BE READ <

PRINT ERRORTes MESSAGE

/" READ aNpUT)THE/ Nimadncr brrcs/NG acaman

READ(INPUT) THE41 MACHINE CODE

ARRAYLo

CLOSE THEFILE

SAVETEXT"

INPUT THE NAMEOF THE FILE

SAVED

WRITE THE POINTERARRAY AND THE INPUTTEXT STRING ARRAY

SAVEPROG

—rINPUT THE NAMEOF THEFILETO BE SAVED

//

CREATETHE FILEAND OPEN IT

WRITE THE NUMBEROF BYTES IN THE

41 PROGRAM

WRITE THE 41MACHINE CODE ARRAY

GLOSETHE FILE

“GETTEXTl

/" INPUT THE NaMEOF THEFILE/

/ TO BE READL 7

sTHE FILETHERE

PRINT ERROR YESMESSAGE

[THE FILEBE READ

PRINT ERRORMESSAGE Yes

FEAD (INPUT) THE

POINTER ARRAY ANDINPUT TEXT STRING

ARRAY

cLosETHE FILE

RESTORE POINTERTO THE ENDOFTHETEXT

FuLFGN

sTaRT

DISPLAY INSTAUGTIONSET FoR FULFCN

READ ATINTG VARIABLES

TouLpINSTRUCTIONS

o

PROMPT USEROR NPUT

TNITIALIZE VARIAGLESDELETE LEADING &TRAILING BLANKSFROM INEUT STRING.REMEMBER LENGTHOF INPUT STRING.

sNPT STAING

USING SPACES SOELMITERS, PARSEouT THEARGUMENTS (F NY)

agETiEReARGUNENTS

GUTPUT SUBROUTINE(GOsUB 5760, a

TRLEADING &TRAILING BLANKS

Flowcharts

PARSE OUT ZNDARGUMENT

sTHERE ONLYONE ARGUMENT,

1SOLATE THETEXT ARGUMENT

sTHIS AVAUDINSTAUCTION

No EnnonMESSAGE

REMEMEER THE LENGTHS OF:FUNCTION STRINGST ARGUMENT20D ARGUMENT ERroR

]

ARGUMENT TvPESUBROLTINE

RLLOWED

~haveves 7 AnGUMERTSSEEN INPUT

SET BYTE VALUESEAroRMESSAGE AND NUMBER OF BYTES

caLcuLATECHECKSUM(GOSUB 4580

83

64 Flowcharts

SRGUNENT TYPE1GoEuR 110

wonESEAGE

AKE SURE AN‘ARGIMENTWAe

TSTARGUENT .AlST,

WAKE SURE TSFUNCTION ISOTHARGUMENTSSRMMERE

ST vaLves FamT Bvies.

IWDIRFCTION

78T ARGUMENTSN D

iT 4 STaCGPeRATION

s3I0 THEPROPER SUMERICALSTACK ARGUNERT

ARGUNENT 15 NoTST o AaNGE

MAKE SURE 20D

[ST VALUES FonTESze

FIGURE GUT I THEREIOLVED 3DCOMATE BV7E

CREATE THE LRSTRING (GOSU5

ComruTe ToTALOMBER OF 5VTES

soSASrackRGORERT

s

XaS1GN ProPERAGHERIC VaLoEFORSTACK RGUENT

esure

76 THe GvTES

SETBYTE VALT0FT OF FUNCTION& ATGUNERTS ST NUVEER OFT BYTES TO 1

SETNUMGER OFoVTES 105

ST esRGImENT

SETNUMERE vaLLES

ALPHA ARGUMENT

SETTHE BYIE VALESFon THE FUNCTION

SET NUMERC vALLESFoReR

@

Se7evre vavesFo FNCTIONNG HRGUMENTS L[ serwoveerorOF viEe T4

CRERTE ALpiA| sosis serorCALCULATE ThENUMBER OF BViES

Flowcharts 65

e

STN convear wsers |THiSNUERC INTO INTERRALREPRESENTATION

s

SESEQUENCENUWEER, SET RESTREMEMAERNUMBER OF EYTES

SET THE SEQUENGENUMBER, COMPUTEBVTE TWG.

SETVALUE OF&YTES CHECKINGTO SEE IF MUSTADD A NULL, SETNUNBER OF BYTES

compurs SET sequeNcENUNEER, CONVERT seravies GONVERT T0 ASCISET NUMBER OF o¥TES

GALGULATE BYTE 5 GONVERT 10 A5G&‘CONVERT TO Ascil REMEMBER THE NUMOERAND REMEMBER THE oF BYTES NUMBER OF BVTES

I

66

Appendix BHP-85A Adaptations of PRGMBR and FULFCN

The adaptation of PRGMBRrequired 2 modified version of the HP 9845A program in orderto run on the minimum

HP 85A configuration: HP 85A Personal Computer; 16K RAM Plugin; I/0 ROM or Printer/Plotter ROM; and, RS232C

or HP-IB Interface.

PRGMBR was segmented into three separate programs according fo logical operations. Thefirst segment, BEGIN,

initializes all the variables and loads the necessary table data. The second segment, EDITR,is the interactive sec-

tion where the HP-41 program text is input. This section also allows the user to save, retrieve, and edit the text. Giv-

ing the command COMPILE during execution of this segment loads the third segment CMPILE into the HP 85A.

CMPILE not only compiles the HP-41 program but also prints the bar code. As soon as the HP-41 program has been

completely printed out in bar code this segment loads the EDITR segment back into the HP 85A ready for the next

program.

This particular adaptation does not include the ability to save and retrieve the compiled HP-41 program code.

The source files for these HP 85A programs are available on cassette tape or floppy disc from:

Series 80 Users’ Library

1000 Circle Blvd.

Corvallis, Oregon 97330

67

68 HP-85A Adaptations of PRGMBR and FULFCN

85A Adaptation of PRGMBR

! HF41C COMPILER! & BRAR CODE GEN FRGHMU FIRST OF THREE SEGHEHTS! THAT ARE CHAIWED TOGETHER[ THIZ IS AWM ADAPTATIOH OFi''

THE 2245A COMFILER FROGRAMTHIS SEGMENT 13 2TORED RSFILE "BEGIN"

OPTIOM BASE 1IMTEGER T.J

COM INTEGER L2086, P225, F5.1101B3;COM TFEEBY. T1#E2080. 724073090, R$L1586@7.S1¢027], I$0E247. C$EEa1TS, Tid. T2%=""FOR I=1 TO Z& | READ LOCAL L

% STACKE REGISTER HMHEMGINTOD 1%

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HITOFAIATAMNODTIThdH

4CEERZad(@32

TI3CCERITN

“im®

o @0

rarsI DD

ImT

HP-85A Adaptations of PRGMBR and FULFCN

PRIMT "SRYETEXT - STORES PROGRAM TEXT ON CRSSETTE TAFEn

PRIMT “SCRATCH - ERASES EHTIRE 4 FROGRAM®PRINT " - LIZTS coMMANDS H'JF\ILHELE "PRINT "PRINT "SYMNTAX FOR IHMSTRUCTIO EMTRY: ™PRIMY ™ AX>IMSTRC FORMAT: FRIHT v 1C INETRCH"

PRINT "(BLAHKS ARE USED ASDELIMITERS)"PRINT " BYSPECIAL SYMBOLS:"PRIMT "1 USE '&' FOR SIGHMASIGN®

PRINT "2x USE ‘®' FOR AHGLESIGH®

PRIMT "2 USE ‘#°' FOR "HOTERUAL 'Y SILN"PRIMT "4 USE SINGLE QUDTESC') FOR DOUBLE RIUGTES™

PRINT * EXT FORMAT: '<TEXT EHTR HOTE SINGLE QUOTESi*PRINT "OR H'<TERT EMTRY>*(FOR RAPPERDING TEXRT:"GATO 264

! ¥'RENUMBER' SUE%OISP “EMTER OLD STARTING #.HEK STRARTING #.RND INCREMEMT

INPUT M1,42,V3FOR I=YZ+1 TO ¥i-1IF P(Iy=-1 THEM 13Z&8PRINT "ERRDR - ATTEMFT MADETO OVERMRITE EXISTIHG INST

RUCTIOHS"GOTO 268HEXT I

E=kK+1IF K:=2233 THENIF Ki1{K><8 THEN 143&PUIa=KICK?HEXT 1FRINT "ERROR: INSTRUCTIOW HUMBER OUT OF BCIUNDF "FOR I=1 To &

F K1)HERT IGOT0 Ze@! ¥TSAVETEXT' ROUTINE#DISF "GIVE MAME OF FILE T¢BE SAYED: "INPUT Ti%CREATE T1$.LEN<A$: DIV £4+5@AZSIGHE t TO TisPRIMT# | : A%FOR I=1 TO LENCAF>PRINT# 1 ; P{IXHEXT I

ASSIGHE 1 TO %GOTO zew

! RGETTEXT' ROUTINESDISP *GIVE THE MAME OF THEFILE TO EE RERO™INPUT Ti#%Ag=n e iASSIGHE 1 TO T1sREAD# | : AFFOR I=1 TQ LEMCASRERD# 1 ; P{I)HEXT 1ASSIGHE 1 To %GOTO 266t XERROR COMDITION HANOLIHGREOUTINEY

IF E1<568 THEN 1938PRIMT "TAFE IS WRITE FROTECTED. PLERSE FIwt!"IF E2=3858 THEHM 154@&

2949 THEN 1658

IF E1<:£1 THEN 1880FRIMT "TAFE OR FILE I3 FULL

. USE AMOTHER TRFE.“GOTD 1geEaIF E1<>52 THEH 1835@PRINT “THPE NOT IMN THFE DRIYE "GOTD 18IF E1<x THEH 13FRINT "DUFLICATE FILE HAME

GOTO 1598IF E1<*54 THEH 1258FRINT "FILE MOT THERE TRyAGATHGOTO 1ga@IF El=55 THEH 124aIF E1<>66 THEM 1PRINT "FILE CLOSED®GOTO 1266IF E14:57 THEHW Z@PRINT "FILE NHME E‘?GOTD 1PRINT "ERROR # "JEL:"SEEN PT LIME # ":EZGATO 26aEMD

! O¥FUHCTINON DEFIMITIONS! TEIM FUHCTIONDEF FNT#(D#:THTEGER L. MOIM D#CsA]FOR t=1 TO LENCO$.IF D¥CL.LI<H>"" THEH 21SaNEXT LDISF "TEYIHMG TO TRIM BLANKSTRING!™GOTO 268FOR M=LEM(D3, TO L STEP -1IF D$CM.MIC:"" THEHW 219@HEXT MGOTDFHTH

HF41S CUMPILER-CHFILETHIRD CHAIMED PROGRAM IH

POGROUR OF THREE IT COMPILEZ& ! THE 410 FROGREAM AHD GEHERR

TES THEg ! BRR CO0E IT I@ ! IM FILE "CHPILE™B OFPTION BASE 1@

ORED=

DIH Hi$E .COM INTEGER

S.11¢L7s \fl!'! THCeBl. T1%

?[15;1!5] SisLzv]

nN ERROR GOTO 4252Py 'COMPFILE' ROUTINE ¥PRIMTER I3 2Mmi=1FOR J=1 Tn 2233IF FoJdr<@ THEMFOR I=1 TO S&=P da+]IF A$CE,KI="1" THEH 1fHEXT 1T#=RA%LP(J).kK-11Ed4=p1

AHMER SECTIONTi%, Taf=" *Fl.Fz=8Y=-1IF F5<:1 THEHM 1355Mimio=@Mi=M1+1Fi1.F2.F2.F4.FS.FIF TH="END" OR T$=

& EMO " T

THEH 28535" AMD THL1. 23

<>UR'M THEMW Z@55IF THL1. CEMATTOTHEW ZgasT#=T$LZ3

oo

o-4~

L=LEMCT%)IF L4412 THEH 282PRIMT “ALPHA 3TRG IM LINE # “;.t5OTDIF THLL.LI=""" THEH 284PRINT “ERROR IH ALFHA RTER EWTRY IHSTRUCTION AHE & ", JGOTO 2239Fz=1 ! SET TEXT FLAGGOTO 2279FOR I=1 TO LEH(T%$)T1$=T#CI.I3IF Tlf="a" AMD Tis<{="3" THEH 2IF £71 OR Tig="-="1 AHDLEHMiT#2:1 THEH =

IF Tig=" » QR Ti%=$="." THEN 20885GOTO 2185

NG TDO Lo

"OOR T1

HP-85A Adaptations of PRGMBR and FULFCN 71

Fi=1GOTO 2275Ti$=FNT${T$LP1+115TE=THLL F1-11L=LEH(T1%5IF T1$C1,13<>J<xm " THENIF L>5 THEMT1$=Ti$L2.L-11Fd=1o

2=FIF FZ=a THEW 2T2$=T1$C1,P2-11IF TE$="IND" THEH 2z1@PRINT “"OPERRMD ERROR IN LINEog oyGoTo 225=1TI$=FNT$CTI$EP2+1T)IF LEM(T1$3¢=2 THEH 227SPEINT "ERRDR IN HUMERIC OPERAND IN LINE # “5JGOSUE 2498COTO 1938! INTERP SECTION

YrtOOR TisiL.b

B

IF Z<>@ THEW 2378PRINT ";NunL D,EHAKACTER 1N GOTO 3335IF Fe<>1 THEN 2&e8&F9=@IF T$C1,13<3*+° AHD T4C1.13<sv=" THEH 2435IF T$LL.13<:7-" THEH 2438

EWeTE>IF L2 THEM Li=L@-1FOR I=1 TO L1IF T$CILIJ<3" " THEN 243%IF F9=1 THEM 253@

GOTo z251eIF T#LCI.I13< "'3" UF TECI.Id"an Z4a

IF LI=LEM{T#) AHD L2=8 THEN

IF I=L1 OR I=L32 THEM 2555

72

HP-85A Adaptations of PRGMBR and FULFCN

PREINT "DIGIT EWTRY IMSTRUCTION ERROR IM LIME # ";.JGOSUR 3408GOTO 2420T#=FHT$(T$LIT>

1AL E" THEM 2538

Mi=Mi+1T¢=T$LZ]IF T#C1.13<;"-" THEM 2&a@M{M1¥=2gMi=M1+1IF T$E1.113=

=" Uk T$LC1,1d="+7 THEM T#=T#L[2]TH=FHTH(T$YL=LENC(TSIF L»2 THEM 2%FOR I=1 TO LIF T#CI.IX<"a" OR T$CI. 135"" THEN 253&MCMLID>=MUMCTSOI, 132 -32Mi=Mi+1MEXT IGOTO 2335L ~LEHfT1$)

THEN 2265THEM 2885THEHW 2785

PRINT "NUMERIC OPERAND TODLONG IH LINE # *;JGOTD 2333IF L<Z THEN 274@Y=ONUMOTISEL, 130423518+ NUmCTISCZ, 23048IF W ANB 3 <{=93 THEH 2845PRINT "IMCORRECT WUMERIC OFERAND IN LIME # ";JGOTD 2333Y=@FOR I=t TO 26IF T1$=S14L1.13 THEN ¥=I+181

a

HEXT IIF Y<>i THEH 28@5M=HUM(T1$3-48

IF Y:=0 AND V<=3 THEN 25@sPRINT "IHCORRECT STACK QR SIMGLE DIGIT OPERAMD IM LINE# "5l

GOTD 2333IF F5=1 THEH Y=U+1Z8

SUGTO" AHD T$<: "KER"ze »1 THEMN 23c6

MCMLx=174IF T4="GTO" THENSET HIGH BIT FORM{Mi+1d=y

-1z !INOY

IF F4<>1 THEN 2955 |MiMi>=29IF T$="XEQ" THEN M{M1.,=38L=LEN{(T1%>MEML+1y=248+1FOR I=1 TC LD$=TI1$ECI.13GOSUB 43@aIF Z<»8 THEWN 2535FRINT “"INVALID CHARACTER INALFHA LABEL™

GOTO 23233MCMI+I+13=C2(2Z

HEXT 1Mi=Mi+L+2GOTO 2335IF Ys14 OR [#="XEQ“ [HEN 22

Mopl+lM{M1+2Mi=H1+3GOTOD 233

TO" THEN 3eg@IF ¥>15 THEN 3@55

35 MOMid=d4g4YMi=Mi+1

S GOTO 3335MiMix=145MOMi+t

CL* THEM 314wIF ¥x15 THEW 3115MML=32+4Mi=M1+1GOT0 3MiML> 144M{Mi+ 1=yMi=t1+2GOTD 2IF T% LBL" THENMIF F4<>1 THEHW 3ZiaMeMly=132MCMLI+1=0L=LEM{T1%$>MIM1+Z 41+LM{Mi+32MLI=H1+2GOTD 298@IF Wr14 THEH 3235M{MLa=1+4Mi=M1+1GaTo 3735

0060]

TPe

ADNDEED@A

O=LENCTH)GOSUR 437¢IF 2<>@ THEW 331@PRINT "UNRECOGHIZABLE 1HSTRUCTION GIVEN IM LIME # ";.GOTO 2332MEMEa=T162)Mi=Mi+1IF T1423<F3 THEM

PRINT "ERROR: EXTRANMEOUS 0PERAND IN INSTRUCTIONYG0TO 2233IF I1¢Z><144 THEM 3335IF I1¢23<144 OR I1¢R W= THEW 3327PRIMT "ERROR: MISSING OPERAHO® .GOTO 2333MiMLa=Y

54 OR 110223143 0OR

5 FRINT ™

Mi=M1+1MEXT 1} ' $END LLODEMiMir=1N\l11+1\‘

LOOR

! IN ZHD BYTE

U"COMPILATION COMFLETE

GOTO 3588! FERR CORRECTION SUB¥PRIMTER IS 2Mi=EdPRIMT “THE IWSTRUCTION GIVEN HWAZ : A+, E-13PRIMT “GIVE CORRECTED IMSTRUCTION (WITHOUT LINE #7 *DISP * (TO ARBORT COMPILE. TYFE ‘ABORT': "IHPUT T%IF T#="RABORT" THEN 4115

- LEHCA®+1AS=AERTHL" 1"RETURHN! KR'RUN' ROUTINE®%OISF "EMTER THE TITLE OF THE PROGRAM (6@ CHARS OR LESSSuIMPUT T#

! ¥URITE TO A FRIMTING DEYICEH1$=CHR$ (7 ILCHRF (L 2RCHRE

2% ' SET UP DIABLOD CHTRL CQDESH2%=LHF$(77)&L,HF‘$\ 337Hag="

PRIMNTER I5 Z | % FOR DIABLOUSING RSEZZc IWTERFACEPRIMT CHR$(12)PRIHT USIHG “18X.5@8R8" ; T%PRINT " ©W=z DIV 7IF 52 HOD 7r@ THEN

GISTERS NEEDED: "=PRINT * =

! SET PRIMTER BACK TO 25a! REND DIABLD OUTRUTH

B3 F1.F3.F4,F5,F7.H1 . H2.F9=n Fa=3F6=1FOR 1=B{I:NEXT I{ IHSTN TRANSLATION SUES1OF2+13=M(F1+13}Fi=F1+1F2=F2+1F3=F3-1IF F3<>@ THEN 3548F5=@&GOTO_3865IF F3<B THEN 2655F5=F5+1GO0TD 3865IF S1CF23<>@ THEN FP=F7+1IF MiF13>143 THEN 277@! %1 BYTE INSTNS¥IF MCF13<»29 AHD MC(F1:<>32@THEN 3788F3=M(F1+1) MOD 16+1F3 +1GOTD 2365

TO 132

HP-85A Adaptations of PRGMBR and FULFGN 73

37EE IF MOFLx<16 OR MuF12>28 THEH 3I¥508

I7A5 I=Fl+t3718 IF MOIx UF MOIXYES THEN

Ivel COTOD 2865

! %2 BYTE IIF MOF13>z@7IF M{F1241392HEH Ze1@FS=F5+1IF F1+2<32 THEN 3589

FGOTO 38435F3=MIF1+2: MOD 16+2GOTO 3865F

S5=F5+1Zg2@ GOTO 38552825 | ¥3 BYTE IN3T#%383@ IF M(F13:240 THEN 3&5e

2

a T+l2845 FEITD 2285

16

3868 ! BAR CODE ROM SETUP2865 IF F2{1& AND FL<SZ THEN 6@

3

2878 H H”

= H3230 °1(3‘AH1 MDD 1exie+FS MAD 1

IF H1<=F2-3

3893 91(3 =Ht MOD 16*%16+HI MOD 1

=F2-3 THEN 3285

qlf'-‘)F:‘_:*!F-*F‘i MDD 1&

F2 MOD £

! COMVERSION SECTIONFa4=F4+1FOR I=1 TQ FzK=S10IFOR ‘¥=2+1%5 TO 3+<I-1:%8 357EF -1B{Ya=H MOD 2

A DIV 2HEXT ¥

S NERT IBoly=@B(ZECFE%8+30=1

S BCF2E2+d4) =04@a6 ! ¥BAR CODE OUTFUTH4885 I=F4+1-1

@ ROM “&FNF${I38% ¢ “aFNF

=F7 THEN 4883

HP-85A Adaptations of PRGMBR and FULFCN

Tis=T1%8" — “GFHF$<FT:Ti1E=T1$a" "PREINTER I5 2 | LU FOR DUTFUT DEYICE (PRIHTER<FLOTTER:FRINT USING 28A" ; TisAg=n »

KCE-CrlietC1+0D-Cx

IF T$LCC,DF=I$EC1,013 THEN 4458IF T#LC.DIA>I$ECL.D13 THEN X=Z+1

FOR I=1 TO F2¥g+4 IF THLC.DI<ISCCL. 013 THEWN ¥

IF BCI)=8 THEM A$=A$&":> =2-1" IF €<=Y THEH 437@IF BiIx=1 THEW AS=AEL">>>; GOTO 435@&

" E=Z+14029 NEKT I RETURN4828 PRINT USING "3X.3R.18A.215R END

CZA" G Hif.H4E, A,48325 PRINT ™ *4248 IF F4 MDD 18=8 THEN PRIHT ©C

HREFC124845 | RESET PRINTER T 25a4858 | CLEANUP SECTIOHN:4855 FOR I=1 TO 16 | ZERO 0OUT 1g

BYTE BAR CODE ROW BUFFER4268 S1CIr=a

! ORFUNCTION DEFIHITIONS®! MUMBER FORMAT FCHDEF FNF£{M>DOiM HECS]IF H:=1@ THEN 4248HE=CHRE$IN+48)GOTD 4218IF N>=108 THEMN 4866HE=CHR$CN DIY 18+42)8CHR$HNMOD 1@+4583

GOTD 4916IF N:1@B8 THEN 4836I=H DIV 1838J=N MOD 1aé DIV 1@H HRECI+48I4CHRE { J+d4 B8 50HEf{H MOD 1@+48)GOTO 4518I=H DIV 138&

418@ IF F3=8 THEH41@5 IF F1<S2 THEH 4110 PRINT "BAR l:UDE’;éNERHTIUN J=H MDD 1888 DIV 1B

COMPLETED" E=HN MDD 188 DIV 164115 CHAIN "EDITR" NE=CHR$(I+485%CHR$ J+48340CH4138 14258 PRINT “ERROR # " ERRN;* 3EE

H AT LINHE # *:ERRL255 PRIMT * COMPILE<RUM ABORTED

RECK+H4SORCHRECN MOD 16+48)>FNF$=N$FN_END

| TRIM FUNCTION®¥DEF FNT#:{D$>INTEGER E.FFOR E=1 T {ENCO$>IF D$CE.EJ<"" THEN Sz2@HEXT EQISP “TRYIWG TO TRIM BLANKSTRINGE"

C.CA>C302. 2T THEH %=2 G218 GDTO 4115

FOR F=LEMID$> TG E STEP ~1IF D$LF.F1<:"" THEH 5268HEXT F

oIy z<CA=CHLZ.ZF THEN RET

C.CACCHLZ. 2D THEN =2w ] =

-

= & o

LhLE

BR

BhRAE

B

4 “o=Y THEW 4385 GOTO 52662%a Z=8 FHT$=D$LCE.F1350 RETURH FN EHNDITE Z=CE4Yr DIV 2 END

HP-85A Adaptations of PRGMBR and FULFCN 75

85A Adaptation of FULFCN with Data Table

I RSKS FOR HP-410 COPAMOS To MRKE 41C EAR COUE.

S OPTIOH EBRSE 1& OIM T ALFESET., £58l.F

$L1u1.BFLS15T, ¥WEL103. THLF3I2T7 DIM RFCSBA, TI$C3IRT, I3$05127= DIM BLcl . |r.0iclzznh. o

122».AL¢ 203015 DIM B2O150:.WSL1IT

1@ | READ IH 41-C FUMC TAEBLE185 ASSIGH# 1 TD "41FCHE®187 0O ERROR _GOTO 3884116 FOR I=1 TO 122128 J=it+akiI-1D138 READ# 1 TCIR. D141 DECT .

AL{Is . AZCED138 ME¥T I166G ASSIGH# 1 TO %128 T2=1-1125 OH ERROR GOTO 41381 OISPF “HOULD ¥OU LIKE HELFPT®

IHFUT X%213

¥ N" THEM 428FRIMTER IS 2FRIHT "THIS FGM ASKS ¥OU FURHF-41C BAR CODE TYFE COMMAH

og. "258 FPRINT "TYPE THE COMMAND AS ¥

OU WOULD 0OW THE 410 WITH FOLLOWING EMCERPTIONE:PRINTFRIMT "FOR HMUMERIC DATA: DATA ¥ *E ¢

228 FRIHT "FOR ALFHA REPLACE DATA: DATA '#% *¥

FRIMT “FOR RLFHR AFPEHND DATHDRTA A'*¥ xS

B PRINT "FOR ZEGUEHCED DARTA USE FOLLOMING FORMAT "

Z1E@ PRIMT " ORTASER SEU#: k. %X

32@ PRINT * FOR IMSTRMCE., DATRASE@ 45: 1 234 OR DATASEQ 13‘TESTCM

339 FRINT * SIMILARLY. ALPHR TEXT STRIMG ARGUMENTS . LIKEKEQ 'S@R'"FRIMT " ARE DELIMITED WITH *

PRINTPRINT "FOR FUHCTIOH MAMES USIHG "PRINT "USE &''RREG 1B' OR 'C

PRIMT "IN FUHCTE MOT EQUALESIGHERD.i = 'H#Y?' .Y

7@ FRIMT "IN TEMT STRIMGS USE#' FOR MOT ERUAL. &' FOR Z.

AWD R FOR HHGLE . "

FRINTPRIMT “EWTER 77 FOR HELP ATANY TIME."FRIMT "TYPE '%3TOFR' TO STOPTHE PROGRAM"

416 FRINT "EMD ALL EMTRIES WITHTHE EWDLIME' KEY"

QISP “TYPE FUNCTION TO BE CODED"™IHPUT 1%L=LEM:{ I3! THITIALIZE STRINGS

! ¥PARSE 0OUT THE FUNCTION HNO AHY ARGUMENTSYTa%=1%GOSUE 500@IF T2 THEH 218I¥=T3%IF I$="%STOF" THEW 2TOP

5 IF L<=9 THEN 429988 FOR I=1 7O L ! FARSE LOOP

IF I$LCI,1J¥=" " THEN 638F$=F$%I3C1.17

I

AR | HO ARGS SO JUMP

Q #C£1.L3GOSUB 5688IF 75 THEN 218

668 AE=T3%565 IF LEM(AS$)Y <2 THEMN o238673 IF A$CL.13=""'" OR A%Li.1d="H

" AMD A$CZ.23="'" THEN 73@588 FOR I=1 TD L

IF A$CI.Id=" " THEN 738Ai$=A1$8AFCT. 1]MEXT 1GOTO 286 | OHLY OHE ARGT2 #CI.L1

748 GOSUB Soes7o@ IF T9 THEHW 3i@7ed A2$=T9%

GOTO S@n1=3IF R$CL.13=""'" THEN I=FOR I=1 70 L-1IF ASLCI.IX="'" THEM 2358HEXT TR1$=R%GOTO 66At¥=A$C1.13I=1+1GOTO 738! ¥EHD OF Pr! WAS THERE AM IH:

m

oRa IF LEH(FF2:8 THEM316 DISP "ERROR IN ENTRY".I%22A GOTO 42692A LI1=LEM(F%)946 L4=LEM(R1%$)956 LS=LEH{AZ$:t@a@ IF F¥= THEH 2421@1@ IF FE="DATA" THEH18 IF F¥="DATASER" THENia 1 #HERE FOR FUNCTIOHS#14l K=11845 ¥=1211A46 I=LEH{F%:158 2i\B355 218561865 B1(30=01¢(Zr¥15+D2 01@8%6 IF FSC1.IdA=T$LI1.71+1-13 TH

EN 1138

76 HP-85A Adaptations of PRGMBR and FULFCN

1e35 IF FSC1, 1X<THL21.21+1~13 THEM ¥=Z-1

1128 IF F$L1.IXXTHE21.Z1+1-13F TH1

1 ‘ THEW 1@5u@1i1a DI‘%P "FUNCTIDN NOT FOUND IN

TRABLE" . F#%1128 GOTO 422 1 ASK FOR IHSTRUC112 IF A10ZY»6 THEH 123a1146 | #FUNCS WITH MO ARGS#115@ IF L4=@ AND LS=@ THEH 121@1166 DISP “THERE SHOULD BE NO AR

GUMENTS FOR THIS FUNCTIOH ¥1%

DISP "PLEASE ENTER THE FUHCTIOH AGATIN"GOTO 4382H=3GOTO 1464! FUNCS WITH ARGUMENTSGOSUB 2388 ! TYPE OF ARG?IF A4>4 OR AT:4 THEN 4Zz@

A 2 THEN zZ@358E ARG FUNMCTIOHSH#

IF L4>@ THEN 13141296 DISF "ARG REGUIRED";I§1388 GOTO 1178121@ IF At$="IND" THEN 1548

THEM 14328THEM 1643 ! (fA-J2S THEN 1558 | (g—elTHEH 149@ ! STARCK

! SINGLE ARG. ALPHA TYPEIF AR(Z3=1 THEHN 1426DISP "ALPHA ARGUMEMTS NOT ALLOWED FOR THIS FUNCTIOM®GOTD 1178S1=4

UEB 3528UB Z@38 ! CHECKSIUMUE 29%@ 1 DUTPUT

1430 GOTO 428

1438 | #5IMGLE ARG.HUMERIC TvPE#

1508 IF A4<>4 THI:N 1578 | STACK?a THEN 1S

THEH 114THEM X=113THEHN 11zTHEH 118

" THEM 1778ZE" THEH 177&

fa THEN 177816808 X=INT(VAL{R1$2D1618 IF X>=@8 AND X<=9% THENW loga1628 DISP " ARGUMENT OUT GF RRANG

E1638 GOTO 11741648 IF A THEN X=NUMCAL1$:+3716508 IF R4=3.5 THEN X=NUM(R1$x+2

&1638 IF F$=“KER" THEN E1<{3) 241696 IF GTO" THEN B1{3) &1788 IF LBL® THEMN BI(Z)=2871716 Bl{41728 H=41736 GOTO 14661748 ! %HERE FOR DEL-GTO ~SIZE%778 IF F$="GTO." AND Ai$=" " TH

EN Bli4)=13 !

1TR

DIBYP

19T

FAT9PRIR

1P

IF F#="GTO “ AND A1%=% “ [HEN B1{5r=255IF F$="GTO * AHD Al$=" ° THEN 1228 !Elud ALCAISY DIy 25¢B1:50 ALCARL$: MOD 256H=5GOTO 1468IF L5»@ THEHN 8DISP "MISSING ARGUMENT FURTIHD' YL IF

GOTO 117@IF AS<»*4 THEH 1944IF THEN x=11%IF THEH ¥=114IF Z" THEH X=113IF “T" THEH X=11Z2IF A2%="L" THEN X=11#&GOTo 2a1@

aIF RS=8 THEH 13* "IMPROFER RPFUHLHT Fur

YLIFGOTO 1176H=INTCUALCAZF)IF H<B OR ¥>9% THEH 19%5@Bli4)=128+%H=4GOTO 146@! #THO ARG FUHCTIONS#IF L4>8 AKND LS5>® THEM zasa

DISF "TWO ARGUMENTS ARE RE:UIRED."GOTO 117@IF A4=1 THEH 211wOISF "IMPROFER 1ST RRG®GOTD 1178IF RS=8 THEN 2146OISP "IMPROPER ZHD ARGGOTO 117@RE=VAL{AZ3>

SCASY {85 THEH 2z@wKEYCODE IS5 OUT OF RAM

GE _":RA2¥GOTD 117&

RESCAEY OIV 148

<@ THEN U4={ABSAc) OIMaD 1

Bildo=ud¥iesndS1=!

M=4+LEN(H1$3GUSUE 3898GOTO 1468! DATASEG TYPE LODEA%=fili[l L4-13 | 3TRIP ¢

L5LENCAZF! DATA TYPE BAR CODEGOSUB 2380 | FIND ARG TYPEIF L4=8 THEHW 2744IF R4>4 OR RS>4 THEN 428IF A4=8 THEN 2388IF A4=1 THEH 2548IF R4=2z THEN 277@! # NUMERIC DATA #! SET THE DIGITSFOR I={f T0 L4H1=HUM(A1$LCI. IIF X1>=48 AHD X1<=S7 THEN DCI>=VALCAL$LCI. IO

2418 1F ALSLL.13=" * THEH Oufr=1

24209 IF ALSCI.Id="+" THEN D<I)=1

2438 IF ALFCI.IJ="-" THEM D:li=

Z44a }F RLFCI. IX="E" THEM D(Ix=14

24358 IF DOId<@ OF D(I»>14 THEN 2748

2468 HEXKT I2478 IF F$=“"DATASEE" THEN 25932471 IF LEMCAL$Y:1 THEN 24762472 B1423=96+10

LRa=16@+001)

2438 IF L4 MOD zZ=8 THEN 25242498 EL1{2¥=96+011>

FUF‘ I=0 TO L4-1 STEP 2Bl Kar=1ek0oIx+D0I+10

K+1

NE.»T IM=2+LEM{A1$: DIVGOTO 146&

S¥1E+052-1, D

B1e2a=(52-1> MID 2%4

IF LEMCALFY MODoR

Bled4r=16%18+0¢1>FOR I=J TO LEH(A1%: STEF ZBIoKI=16XDCIa+DCI+1 sK=k+1NEXT I+LENfHI$‘ MOD Z+LEMCAL$:

DI‘»‘GOTO l4r6

DISP "ERROR IN HUMERIC DATHI8GOTC 117a@{ ALPHA AFPEND DATA

"DATASER" THEM 2852AFFEND"&™ ' Ugf1gan e=128+L4

! SET BYTES 70O RSCII YALUES1=3H=LENCA1$)>+2GOSUB 3894GOTO 1466SE=YALI{A2%>

FL" "LAZFL": APPENO"&"TEgplggn NB1{2>=1i%16+(52~1) DIV 258H=LEH(A1$3+3GOTO 2825! # ALPHA REPLACE #IF F$="DATASEQ" THEN 301iaI¢=A1%B1e2)=112+L4GOTO0 28484

ALCAZS$YD=10¥1R+(52-13 DIV 256

HP-85A Adaptations of PRGMBR and FULFCN 77

2 H=LEM(AL1$)>+3S BI¢3)=(SZ-1> MOD 256

Bz 4ZA3R SUB 3529@35 COTO 14682046 ! FEMD OF MAIN ROUTIHEX3838 ! CALCULATES AHM & BIT CKSUM

FOR M BYTE BAR CODE.@6l | M MUST BPE INITIALIZED TO

NUMBER OF BYTES IN THE CODE3@7e | BEFORE THIS ROUTINE IS CR

LLED .JBga C=aIB9@ FOR2189 C=C+B1{IxF12@ HEXT I2138 C=C DIV Z56+C MOD2146 C=C DIV Z5&+C MOD2158 Bioly=C2178 RETURNZ18@ ARGUMENT TYPE ROUTIHE3i%@ ! DECIDES TYFE OF 2 POSSIBL

E RARGUMENTS AND3288 | RETURNS INFO TO MAIN PROG

RPAM IM A4 FOR THE 15T ARG2218 ! AND RS FOR THE ZHD.THE AR

G TYPES ARE DEFIMED:! TYPE MEANING

NUMERIC DATAALPHA REFLACE DATAALPHA RFPEHD DATA

A THROUGH 1a THROUGH e

STACKE ARGUMENTSERRORS IM ARGE

IFL4=g THEM RETURHIF R1$="IND" THEM Z€1@IF L4=1 AND A1%="E" THEHM 341@FOR I=1 TO L4Al=HUMCALIECT. 10DIF (X1<43 OR Hi>37: AHD X1<>63 THEHW 2468MEKT IGOTO 3616IF L4>1 THEM 3438

HUMCAL$2 264 AMD NUMCALS$)

IF HUMCAL1€Y>96 AHD NUMCALS$?4182 THEN A4=3 5F THEN fd4=4

THEN Ad4=4THEH Ad=4THEH A4=4THEH R4=4

2439 GOTO 35983499 IF AL$C1.13="R" AND ALs$LZ, 2

3="'" AND A1$CL4.L43=""'" THEH R4=2IF AL$C1.13="'" AND A14$CL4,L43=0'" THEH A4=1IF A4:B THEH 353@A4=5

DISF “ERROR IN DATH CHECEFOR MISSING ° OR IMPROPER

HUMBER"3548 RETURM3558 IF A4=1 THEM AL$=A1$L2.L4-1

22568 IF A4=2 THEM R1$=R1%L3.L4-1

I

78 HP-85A Adaptations of PRGMBR and FULFCN

THEH RL1$=A1%S THEM A1$=A1%

L4=LENIAL$2! SECOND ARGUMENT

THEHM RETURHI=1 TO LSUM{AR$LCT, 132H1<42 DR X135V AND ¥14

»B3 THEH ZA7@

NEXT IGOTD 32819IF LS»1 THEHW 37s@

X" THEM AS=4¥ THEH AS=4Z" THEM RS=4T THEHW RS5=L" THEW fA5=4

IF NUM{AZ$3:6E4 AND NUMORZSF 5<75 THEM A:IF HUMCAZ$)>96 AND HUMCA2$)<182 THEN AS=3.5GOTo 3gieIF AZ¥E1.13="A" AND RZ$SE2.2d="'" AHD AZ$LLS.L3] *THEH RAS=2IF R2$L1.11=""'" AND R2Z$LCLS,LEJ="'" THEM AS=1IF RS»@ THEN 3818AS=5GOTOIF A

aTHEM RZ$=R2EL2,0L5-1

31IF AS=2 THEH RA2$=AZ$C3.L5-1a

THEN A2%=A2%5 THEHW AZ$=RAZ2%THEHM RA2%=A2%

LO=LENCAZ$?RETURHN! ALPHA STRHG PLACEMENT Subk=1FOR 51 TOHB1<J)=NUMLIAL$EK. K1)IF RISEK, KI="&" THEN B1(Ja=128IF AL$CK. KI="2" THEN B1{ )=1zIF BLI$EK.KI="#" THEN Bl(b=

o

IoT

RETURN! DUTPUT STRING GEHERATIONo oM

FOR I=J%s ToO CA-13%8+1 STEFP-1

Ba2(Ix=

3¢y MODoIy M

BE="3> 3y *FOR I=1 TO 8NIF B2C1)=8 THEN BS=Hss">> IF B2(I>=1 THEN B$=B3$&">>>:

8322923

9a SU

ULet

10=gT2i

T28

DPIVEOEOTEHD

HEXKT IB$=B3&.">

CHR$ (31 0%

DATASEG

PRINT USINGtzeap”

IF AL(ZIF R1CZG070 4993PRINT USIMG "8SeA" . EfFRINT CHR$(27Y&CHR$(33>L=L+1IF L<15 THEHPRINT CHR$(1

4Bz4

TURH

I ERRORS

DISP "IMNPUT STRING MWAS TooLONG. PLERSE CHECK IT.“:ERRLGOTD Li7@T9=B | FLAG FOR WULL STRFOR I=1 TO LEHCTS%IF T9$CI,I3<>" " THEN S865&HEXT 1T=1 ! GET HERE IF MULL STRETURHTo$=T2%CI1]L=LENCTO%IF TO$LL.LI<>" " THEH 5858T3%$=T93$E1.L-11GOTO 5276E=ERRHNE1=ERRLIF E<>62 THEHW Buas@DISP “CARTRIDGE MOT IN PLALCE."GOT0 3i@8IF E<>66 THEH 2686GISP "FILE MOT OPENEG. WILLTRY AGAIN.™

GOTo 1asIF E<»E7 AMND E<>73 THEM SieaDISP “CAN MOT FIND FILE '41FCHS' ™DISP “GET TAPE WITH '41FCNS

' FILE OM IT.®DISP “HAVE YOU IHWSERTED THETAPE? 'Y'OR'N'™INPUT X#IF M&="¥" THEN 185IF H$<{>“MN" THEH 3119GOTO 2158DISP “TAPE READ ERROR *GOTD 914@E=ERENEi1=ERRLPRINT "ERROR®E."AT LINHE".E1DISF "ABORTED"END

HP-85A Adaptations of PRGMBR and FULFCN 79

5 13 8 @& .8 B B3.8 . 1.8

& . -. Sl

5.8 .8 .6.8 .5 ., 8 ., B

. -. 71z .e 4.1

7 5.1o1 @, 12

1 5,03,1 @ 4 141 6. @ a 181 8 . @ FI . z .,1 1.8 CPROMET, & 142.8, FSE -1 R-0 . & . 111 .4 . 15 .

o1 LB S . ]S S8 L1 aSt . .8 a

g . s oT o 14 . ]a . §. 5.8 .8

. 7.4 .8 .84 . g 5 .13 Ba . L 717,v . 2 18 .08 .15 3 7 g .4 .z 3 - =1B . 5. " 3 8. 1z. 8.0 3 ;5 . 5

.7 .8 . 8@ a 3. a .8.3 .1 .1 = - A5 .18, 8,8 3 T LR L1.18 . 8, 8 23 57— . 3 . 15. 15 .8 .8 tBa .2 .5 .1 &L8 LB . 121 |

g, 2 .1, 1 2. 4,8, 84. 11,8 . 1 LS 11 .8, o8S L7 .1 . 1 L2 .15 .1 ..1z .8 .8 1 3,08, .2. 14, 1 1 £ 02,5., 3.8 1 7 .e5.5, 8 1 -S .3 .8 1 .7& .2 .8 1 S 4 L818 . 1 iz .1@ 1 STtI 1 So4 .45 1 LB .71@ 1 7.818 1 5 . 43 1 4 .51. 1 1.1a 11 ig .5 12 5.14 . 12 5. 34 . 2.9

()Jyretd1000 N.E. Circle Blvd., Corvallis, OR 37330

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