herpesviridae peter h. russell, bvsc, phd, frcpath, mrcvs department of pathology and infectious...
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HERPESVIRIDAE
PETER H. RUSSELL, BVSc, PhD, FRCPath, MRCVS
Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, The Royal Veterinary College,
Royal College Street,
London NW1 OTU.
E-mail Web site
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ObjectivesStudents should be able to:
• Give 3 reasons why herpesviruses are difficult to control.
• Know the difference between immediate-early, early and late genes and their roles in disease and tumours.
• List the major diseases in each species of animals and the tissue-tropism of the causative virus
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Replication
The uncoated double stranded DNA becomes a closed circle in the host nucleus
Three types of genes are involved in replication:
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Herpesviruses are bad news for 4 reasons.
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Virulence is associated with presence of a thymidine kinase (tk) gene, so this is deleted from genetically engineered vaccines eg to Aujesky’s virus. Tk acclerates new DNA synthesis by
salvaging thymidine from degraded DNA into TTP. It has been widely used to select
cells eg hybridoma's or those which are expressing recombinant vaccines see
Russell and Edington, page 99.
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Research. 3 growth areas
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The members of the herpesviridae according to host and major
disease patternsHost/virus
HORSE
Abbrevi-ation
Clinicalsyndromes
1. equidherpesvirus
EHV 1 respiratorydisease, abortionand paresis
2. equidherpesvirus
EHV 2 ubiquitous,avirulent
3. equidherpesvirus
EHV 3 pustular lesions onthe genitalia, rare inUK
4. equidherpesvirus
EHV 4 respiratory disease
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The members of the herpesviridae according to host and major
disease patternsHost/virus
CATTLE
Abbrevi-ation
Clinicalsyndromes
1. bovid herpesvirus 1 a. infectious bovinetracheitis virus
BHV 1(IBRV) upper respiratory
tractand abortion
b. infectious pustularvulvo vaginitis
BHV 1(IPVV) ustular lesions on
the genitalia, rare inUK, why?
2. bovid mammillitisvirus
BHV 2 (BHMV)
erosive lesions ontheteat and udder
3. malignantcatarrhal fever virus(African)
BHV 3
(MCFV)
proliferation; eyeand respiratorytract
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The members of the herpesviridae according to host and major
disease patternsHost/virus
PIG
Abbrevi-ation
Clinicalsyndromes
1. suid herpesvirus1, pseudorabiesvirus;
Aujeszky's disease
PSV respiratory disease,abortion ± CNSinvolvement inin young pigs.(Pruritis in cattle)
2. suid herpesvirus 2,porcinecytomegalovirus;inclusion bodyrhinitis virus
PCMV ubiquitous, generallyavirulent, rhinitis±reproductivedisorders
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The members of the herpesviridae according to host and major
disease patternsHost/virus Abbrevi-
ationClinicalsyndromes
DOG1. canid herpesvirus 1 CHV fatalities in puppies
CAT1. felid herpesvirus 1 FHV rhinitis and
bronchitis
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The major members of the herpesviridae according to host
and major disease patterns Host/virus
FOWL(1)
Abbrevi- Sub-ation family
Clinicalsyndromes
1. gallidherpesvirus 1
Marek's diseasevirus
AHV 2
MDV
lymphoproliferativetumours invadingperipheral nerves
gonad,eye. Virusreleasedfrom featherfollicles
2. gallidherpesvirus 2turkey herpesvirus
HVT avirulent,protectiveagainst MDV
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The major members of the herpesviridae according to host
and major disease patterns Host/virus
FOWL(2)
Abbrevi- Sub-ation family
Clinicalsyndromes
3. gallidherpesvirus 3 infectious laryngo-tracheitis virus
4. duck plaguevirus
AHV 1(ILT)
tracheitis andbronchitis
endothelial andenteric lesions
5. pigeonherpesvirus
respiratory tractdisease
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The major members of the herpesviridae according to host
and major disease patterns Host/virus
MAN(1)
Abbrevi- Sub-ation family
Clinicalsyndromes
1. herpes simplex HSV 1
HSV2
oral cold sores; encephalitis;
genital ulceration
2. varicella-zostervirus
VZ-V chicken pox inchildren, shinglesin adults
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The major members of the herpesviridae according to host
and major disease patterns Host/virus
MAN(2)
Abbrevi- Sub-ation family
Clinicalsyndromes
3. humancytomegalovirus
HCMV ubiquitous and notpathogenic usually,but may causecongenital defects.AIDS related
4. Epstein-Barrvirus
EBVglandular fever,Burkitt's lymphomaand nasopharyngealcarcinoma
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The major members of the herpesviridae according to host
and major disease patterns Host/virus
MAN(3)
Abbrevi- Sub-ation family
Clinicalsyndromes
5. humanherpesvirus 6
HHV 6?HHV 7?HHV 8
Kaposi sarcoma,AIDS related
AIDS related
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The major members of the herpesviridae according to host
and major disease patterns Host/virus
MONKEY
Abbrevi- Sub-ation family
Clinicalsyndromes
1. B virus oral ulcers inmonkeys,fatal encephalitisin man
2. herpes saimiri not pathogenic forsome species,lymphomas inothers
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Equid herpesvirus 1(1)
This is the most common cause of abortion in mares in the U.K. It also causes respiratory disease and, more rarely, paresis
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Equid herpesvirus 1(2)
This is the most common cause of abortion in mares in the U.K. It also causes respiratory disease and, more rarely, paresis
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Equid herpesvirus 4
This virus cannot be distinguished from EHV 1 by polyclonal sera - but can be distinguished by mAbs, PCR probes and by RE profile. It is more prevalent than EHV 1 (by a factor of 2) in the U.K., but in the majority of cases it only causes respiratory disease.
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Bovid herpesvirus 1
Pathogenesis
Rhinotrachietis with lacrimation then lymphocyte-associated viraemia and then latency in cranial ganglia. Can cause 75%
mortality of feed lot cattle with bronchpneumonia. Viraemia can spread to cause meningo-encephalitis, especially in
calves, infectious pustular vulvovaginits and abortion.
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Bovid herpesvirus 2 (Bovine mammillitis virus)
Moist, raised erosions/plaques on teats with spread to udder
A zoonosis of milkers.
Infection can be a perennial problem in winter
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Bovid herpesvirus 3
(Malignant catarrhal fever virus)
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Suid herpesvirus 1
*Notifiable.
Also known as Aujeszky's disease, pseudorabies, "mad itch".
While this has been eradicated from mainland Britain by a pig levy and area eradication
scheme it is still present in much of Europe and Ireland.
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Canid herpesvirus 1
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Felid herpesvirus 1
The virus is widespread within the feline population. It affects the upper respiratory tract
but erosions affect the bronchii and interstital pneumonia can result. Latent infections can be
reactivated during boarding.. Infections are often concurrent with calicivirus and chlamydial
infections.
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Herpes B Virus
Monkeys. Asiatic (old world) monkeys (eg macaques and rhesus) are the natural hosts. In the
wild only 10% of the population carry latent virus in ganglia/have antibodies; but in captive colonies,
where monkeys are kept at high density, the prevalence is frequently 60%.
The lesions in monkeys are oral focal erosions, very similar to cold sores of man. New world monkeys, like man, die with encephalitis and do not excrete
salivary virus.
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Summary EHV1 is a disease not only of the resp tract but also causes abortion storms
and paresis. Vaccines are not good and so the Jockey club has regs re isolation and transport after abortions
IBR causes a spectrum of disease and live vaccines can reduce disease. Porcine herpevirus 1 is a notifiable disease which cause abortion in sows
and some fatalies after encephalitis in piglets and fatal pseudorabies in carnovores and ruminants. It has been eradicated from GB, but not N.Ireland.
Feline herpes can be reactivated during boarding to cause erosive lesions Herpesvirus B only causes oral lesions in monkeys, but causes a fatal
encephalitis in man.