Hernia

Mr. ASHOK BISHNOILecturer JINR

“It is a abnormal protrusion of an organ or part of an organ through the wall of the cavity”

It may occur at any part of the body, but most common in abdominal cavity.

Definition:-

Muscles weakness Increase abdominal pressure

ObesityPregnancyCoughingWeight lifting

Trauma

Etiology:-

Inguinal herniaa. Direct Inguinal hernia

b. Indirect Inguinal hernia Umbilical hernia Femoral hernia Incisional hernia or ventral

hernia Hital hernia

Types:-

A. Direct inguinal hernia- Occur through inguinal ring due to weakness of the abdominal wall.

B. Indirect inguinal hernia- Bowel passes through the wall in an area of muscular weakness

1.Inguinal hernia:-

Occur through the umbilicus due to increase abdominal pressure. it is usually occur in obese & multiparous women.

2.Umbilical hernia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Children_with_umbilical_hernias,_Sierra_Leone_(West_Africa),_1967.jpg

It occur through the femoral ring

3.Femoral hernia-

It occur at the site of previous surgical incision.

4.Incisional hernia or ventral hernia-

It is a portion of a stomach in to oesophagus through an opening or hitus in the diaphragm.

5.Hital /diaphragmatic/Oesophagial hernia-

Due to etiological factor

Increase abdominal pressure

Weakness of muscles

Protrusion of organ tissue

Pathophysiology:-

Heart burn Pain Discomfort Vomiting Nausea Breathing

difficulty

Clinical manifestation:-

History

Physical examination

USG

X-ray

Barium swallow

Diagnostic evaluation:-

Medical management- A truss Pad held a place by a belt Pad is placed over the hernia (reduce

hernia)

Surgical management- Indirect inguinal hernia—Herniotomy. Herniorrhaphy (Removal of a hernial sac & repair

of the abdominal wall) Hernioplasty- Plastic repai of the abdominal wall.

Herniotomy- Removal of hernia

Mnagement:-