heredity for jhs

8/14/2019 Heredity for JHS

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Heredityeredity-risnhaliani Wetarini 9P 04


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eproduction Process

Identical

Asexualexual

Combination

FemaleOvumMaleSperm

he characteristic he characteristicthe characteristic

ne parentinvolvenvolve

Hows ReproductionHows ReproductionProcess?Process?


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Whats HereditaryWhats HereditaryMaterialMaterial

Its a material which contains the traits orbequeathed information.

The hereditary material of living things is called

DNA

The hereditary unit or the unit of discrete traits is

gene

A pair of genes that responsible for a bequeathedis allele


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ChromosomeChromosome

Chromosome

Protein

DNA( )Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid

Gene

Locus

Body Cell46 chromosomes

Reproductive Cell23 chromosomes

Homologous Chromosomes

Consists of

Number of Chromosomes

Consists of

Contains


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ChromosomeChromosome

The amount of chromosomes in each living thing is

different

There are 2 types of chromosomes

Somatic chromosome(autosome)

Sex chromosome(gonosome or alosome)

Body cells chromosome consist of22 pairs autosome

and 1 pair gonosome

Human gonosome contist ofX andYchromosome

XX for female and XY for male

d f h


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Keywords of TheCrossing

Recessive traits, the hidden traits of an organism,

symbolized with small letter

Dominant traits, the traits which cover up another traits,

symbolized with capital letter

Homozygote, the pair of genes which is similar

Heterozygote, the pair of genes which is not similar

Phenotype, a trait that appears physically and is

observable

Genotype, a trait that unobservable, permanent and in the

form of gene

Parental, the parent of the cross


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Mendels Experiment Mendel is the Father of Genetics, which completely

named as Gregor Mendel

Mendel used Pea Plantsfor his experiment

The advantages of using pea plants are

Easy to grow

Produce a lot of seeds

Mature at a fast rate

Self-pollinated

Easy to pollinate

Has seven discrete characteristics


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Pea Plants Seven DiscreteCharacteristics


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Mendels First Law

It is called Segregation Law. It means during the gamete formation, the gene pair

separated into 2 offspring cells.

Example

To determine the amount of gametes, we can use thisfollowing formula

Genotype The kinds of gametesAA AAa A and aAABB A BAabb Ab and aBAaBb AB, Ab, aB, and ab

=he amount of The Kind of Gametes 2nis the amount of heterozygote genes


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Mendels Second Law

It is called Assortment Law

It means in fertilization, segregating genes

assort independently with other genes


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Inheritance Pattern


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ntMonohybrid Cross

A dominant monohybridcross has characteristic

ad follows :

1) Traits of dominant

genes completely

suppress recessive

genes

2) All F1 generations

have similar

phenotype to

parent with

dominant genes

3) The F2 generations

have 3:1 ratio ofdominant

I t


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IntermeateMonohybrid Cross

Intermediate monohybrid cross

(codomimance) has characteristics

as follow:

1) Trait of dominant gene

incompletely covers

recessive gene

2) Heterozygous offspring express

intermediate traits, which

are the mix dominant and

recessive traits

3) F2 generations have 1:2:1 ratio

of dominant phenotype and

recessive phenotype


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Dihybrid Cross

Pure-breeding cross

with two different

traits

Each traits bequeathed

in the cross is

independent


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Backcross and Testcross

Backcross

The crossing occurs

between the

offspring with the

dominant pure

breeding parental

Testcross

The crossing occurs

between the

offspring with the

recessive pure

breeding parental F1 x D om in an t

Parental

__ x A A

F1 x R e ce ssiveParental

__ x A A


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n h e rita n ce o f B lo o d Ty p ef H u m a n

We use ABO system which was discovered by

Karl Landsteiner

Blood type is determined by agglutinogen A(IA)

and agglutinogen B(IB)Blood Type Gene CombinationA IAIA = A homozygous

IAi = A heterozygousB IBIB = B homozygous

IB

i = heterozygousAB IAIB = (co-dominant)AO ii = recessive

homozygous


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Genetic Disorders

Pattern of Inheritance in Sex-Linked Gene

Each chromosome consists

of particular gene that

does not exits in other

chromosome or linked.

The examples of disease

caused by X

chromosome-linked gene

are hemophilia, color

blindness and diabetes.

Diseases caused by Y

chromosome-linked gene

are hypertrichosis

(excessive hair on body)

and ichtiosis histrix

gravior (scaly skin)


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Hemophilia

A person who carries hemophilia has bloodclotting disorder if they get injured.

Sex Genotype Phenotype

Female XHXH (homozygous dominant)XHXh (heterrozygous)XhXh (homozygous recessive)

NormalNormal carrierHemophilia

Male XHY

Xh

Y

Normal

Hemophilia


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Color Blindness

Color blindness is inability to differentiate

particular colors (partial color blind) and even

all colors (total color blindness)Sex Genotype Phenotype

Female XCXC (homozygous dominant)XCXc (heterrozygous)XcXc (homozygous recessive)

NormalNormal carrierHemophilia

Male XCY

XcY

Normal

Hemophilia


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attern of Inheritance inutosomal Recessive

Albinism

Albinism is a disorder

of gene producing

melanin.

Sickle Cell Anemia

Sickle Cell Anemia is a

disorder of the blood

cell which is

crescent-shaped


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Thank You for Your AttentionHave a Nice Day

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