Herbs that open the orificesHerbs that open the orificesTo open up the sensory orifices and awaken the spirit: patient becomes delirious or To open up the sensory orifices and awaken the spirit: patient becomes delirious or even comatose, also treating turbid phlegm veling the sensory orificeseven comatose, also treating turbid phlegm veling the sensory orifices

Hot closed disorders Niu Huang, bing pian, Cold closed disorders su he xiang, she xiang, shi chang pu

Contraindicationspregnancy

Herbs that extinguish wind & stop tremors Herbs that extinguish wind & stop tremors

Treat wind in the interior: headache, dizziness, vertigo, blurred vision, tinnitusTreat wind in the interior: headache, dizziness, vertigo, blurred vision, tinnitus

Substances that extinguish wind and stop tremors:

gou teng, tian ma, ci ji li, shi jue ming, di long, dai zhe shi, ling yang jiao, bai jiang can, quan xie, wu gong

Contraindications

Herbs that open the orificesHerbs that open the orifices

Aromatic substances that open the orifices:

Niu Huang 牛黄------------------------------------------------

she xiang 麝香 , su he xiang 苏合香，

bing pian 冰片 , shi chang pu 石菖蒲 ；

Niu Huang Niu Huang 牛黄牛黄

Pharmaceutical Name Bovis Calculus

Actions

1. Clears the heart, opens the orifices, awakens the spirit, and disloges phlegm2. Clears the liver, resolves toxicity, extinguishes wind,

and stops tremors

2. Drains heat and resolves fire toxicity

Indications( Excess)

Delirium or coma due to warm-heatSpasms, tremors, or convulsions with high feverSores, carbuncles, boils, and a wide variety of hot swelling

Dosage 0.2- 0.5 gCook

Toxic Sym. Overdosage can cause diarrhea, and in severe case, low blood pressure

Niu Huang Niu Huang 牛黄牛黄( cool )( cool )

Contraindications Pregnancy

CombinationsIndications Formular

Huang Lian 黄连Zhi Zi 栀子

Zhu Sha 朱砂Delirium and irritability due to

blazing heat affecting the pericardium

Niu Huang Qing Xin Wan

牛黄清心丸Ru Xiang 乳香Mo Yao 没药 Abscess scrofula

Zhen Zhu 珍珠Yuan Zhi 远志

DanNan Xing 胆南星Grand mal seizures

Qian Xie 全蝎Dan Nan Xing 胆南星 Convulsions and impaired

consciousness

Jin Yin Hua 金银花Gan Cao 甘草 Sores, carbuncles, and boils

Niu Huang Niu Huang 牛黄 牛黄 ( cool )( cool )

Pharmaceutical Name Moschus

Actions

1.Vigorously opens the orifices, revives the spirit, and unblocks closed disorders2. Invigorates the blood, dissipates clumps, reduces

swelling and alleviate pain3. Hastens delivery and facilitates the downward passage of stillborns

Indications( excess )

Treating variety of problems that impair the consciousness, irrespective of whether it is associated with heat or coldBlood stasis including fixed palpable masses, toxin sores, and carbunclesUsed in cases where the dead fetus or placenta fails to descend

Dosage 0.03 – 0.1 gCook

Toxic Sym. Ingestion of musk can cause ulceration and erosion of the oral and pharyngeal mucosa, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain

She Xiang She Xiang 麝香麝香( warm )( warm ) Aromatic

Pharmaceutical Name Styrax

Actions

1. Opens the orifices and penetrates through turbidity to awaken the spirit2. Opens up areas of constraint and clears away filth

Indications( excess )

Closed disorder, phlegm collapse and epidemic toxic diseaseStifling sensations, cold, fullness, and pain in the chest and abdomenCoronary artery disease and biliary colic

Dosage 0.3 – 1 gCook

Toxic Sym. None notedContrainications Pregnancy

Shu He Xiang Shu He Xiang 苏合香 苏合香 ( warm )( warm )

Pharmaceutical Name Borneolum

Actions

1. Opens the orifices, awakens the spirit, and unblocks closed disorders2. Clears heat, drains fire, resolves toxicity, clears the eyes, removes superficial visual obstructions, and stops pain3. Clears heat, alleviates pain, dissipates nodules, and alleviates itching

Indications( escess )

Impaired consciousness, various types of fainting & convulsionsFor heat leading to headache, red & swollen eyes, and sores in the mouthPain and swelling of the throat, skin disease,

Dosage 0.01 – 0.3 gCook

Toxic Sym. Allergic reaction: burning sensation and pruritus, urticaria…

Bing Pian Bing Pian 冰片冰片( Mildly Cold )( Mildly Cold )

Pharmaceutical Name Acori tatarinowii Rhizoma

Actions

1. Opens the orifices, dislodges phlegm, removes filth, and quiets the spirit2. Transforms turbid dampness, awakens the spleen, and promotes movement of qi3. Promtes blood flow and reduces swelling

Indications( def. )

Deafness, dizziness, dizziness, forgetfullness, a dulled sensorium, as well as seizures or stuporChest and epigastric fullness and abdominal distention and pain due to dampnesss & turbidity obstructing the milld JiaoTopically for wind-cold-damp painful obstruction, trauma, and sores

Dosage 3 – 9 g

Toxic Sym. B-Asarone: carcinogenic, mutagenic, and chromosome damaging properties

Shi Chang Pu Shi Chang Pu 石菖蒲 石菖蒲 ( warm )( warm ) Aromatic

Substances that extinguish wind and stop tremors:

gou teng 钩藤 , tian ma 天麻 , ci ji li 刺蒺藜 ,

shi jue ming 石决明 , di long 地龙 ,

dai zhe shi 代赭石 ,------------------------------------------------------

ling yang jiao 羚羊角 , bai jiang can 白僵蚕 ,

quan xie 全蝎 , wu gong 蜈蚣

Herbs that extinguish wind & stop tremors Herbs that extinguish wind & stop tremors

Gou Teng Gou Teng 钩藤钩藤

Pharmaceutical Name Uncariae Ramulus cum uncis

Actions

1. Extinguishes wind & alleviates spasms1. Drains liver heat & pacifies liver yang2. Releases the exterior

Indications( Exc. & def. )

Patterns of liver heat with internal stirring of liver wind: tremors, seizures and eclampsiaLiver fire & ascendant liver yang patternsExterior wind-heat: fever, headache, red eyes

Dosage 6 – 15 gCook

Toxic Sym. None noted

Gou Teng Gou Teng 钩藤钩藤（（ slightly cold )slightly cold )

Contraindications Uwe with caustion in the absence of wind-heat

CombinationsIndications Formular

Tian Ma 天麻Quan Xie 全蝎 Convulsion

Shi Jue Ming 石决明 Eclampsia due to liver wind

Tian Zhu Huang 天竺黄Huang Lian 黄连

Chan Tui 蝉蜕Seizures

Tian Ma 天麻Ju Hua 菊花

Shi Jue Ming 石决明Dizziness & vertigo deu to

liver windTian Ma Gou Teng

Yin 天麻钩藤饮Xia Ku Cao 夏枯草

Long Dan Cao 龙胆草 Headache & dizziness due to liver fire

Bo He 薄荷Chan Tui 蝉蜕 Wind heat disease

Gou Teng Gou Teng 钩藤（钩藤（ slightly cold )slightly cold )

Tian Ma Tian Ma 天麻天麻

Pharmaceutical Name Gastrodiae Rhizoma

Actions

1. Calms the liver, extingishes wind, and controls spasms and tremors2. Extingishes wind & alleviates pain2. Disperses painful obstruction

Indications( Exs. & Def. )

Very important herb to treat internal stirring of liver wind: headache, dizzinessHeadache, dizziness, and migraine headache due to wind-phlegm Wind-damp painful obstruction

Dosage 3 – 9 gCook

Toxic Sym. In very high dosage 80g: flushed & hot sensation , generalize weakness, headache

Tian Ma Tian Ma 天麻天麻( Neutral )( Neutral )

Contraindications None

CombinationsIndications Formular

Gou Teng 钩藤 Calm the liver & extinguish wind

Tian Ma Gou Teng Yin 天麻钩藤饮

Sang Zhi 桑枝Di Long 地龙 Wind-stroke

Quan Xie 全蝎Wu Gong 蜈蚣

Shi Chang Pu 石菖蒲Childhood convulsions

Ban Xia 半夏Bai Zhu 白术Chen Pi 陈皮

Headache & dizziness from wind-phlegm

Chuan Xiong 川芎 Migraines Qin Jiao 秦艽

Qiang Huo 羌活Sang Zhi 桑枝

Wind-damp painful obstruction

Tian Ma Tian Ma 天麻 天麻 ( Neutral )( Neutral )

Ci Ji Li Ci Ji Li 刺蒺藜刺蒺藜

Pharmaceutical Name Tribuli Fructus

Actions

1. Calms the liver & anchors the yang2. Dreges the liver Qi to smooth its flow while dispersing constraint and clumbing 2. Dispels wind-heat & brightens the eyes3. Dispels wind & stops itching

Indications( Exc. & def.)

Headache, vertigo due to liver yangIrregular menstruation, insufficient lactation from liver Qi Stag.Red painful swollen eyesAny kind of skin lesion

Dosage 6 – 15 gCook

Toxic Sym. Over dosage may cause general weakness, dizziness, nausea

Ci Ji Li Ci Ji Li 刺蒺藜刺蒺藜( Neutral )( Neutral )

Contraindications Pregnancy or blood def.

CombinationsIndications Formular

Bai Shao 白芍Ju Hua 菊花 Dizziness & unclear vision

due to liver yang ascendant

Gou Teng 钩藤Niu Xi 牛膝

Zhen Zhu Mu 珍珠母Dizziness & vertigo from

hypertension

Chai Hu 柴胡Qing Pi 青皮

Xiang Fu 香附Pain & distention in chest &

rib-area

Ju Hua 菊花Jue ming Zi 决明子 Pain, red swelling eyes

Chan Tui 蝉蜕Fang Feng 防风 Itchy skin due to wind heat

Ci Ji Li Ci Ji Li 刺蒺藜刺蒺藜 ( Neutral )( Neutral )

Shi Jue Ming Shi Jue Ming 石决明石决明

Pharmaceutical Name Haliotidis Concha

Actions

1. Drains liver fire & anchors & sedates the liver yang2. Improves the vision & causes superficial visual obstruction to recede2. Increased gastric acidity

Indications( Exc. & def. )

Headache, dizziness & red eyes due to liver firePhotophobia,pterygium or other superficial visual obstructionGastric acidity

Dosage 15 – 30 gCook

Toxic Sym. None noted

Shi Jue Ming Shi Jue Ming 石决明石决明(cold )(cold )

Contraindications cold from Sp. Yang def.

CombinationsIndications Formular

Bai Shao 白芍Sheng Di 生地

Mu Li 牡蛎Liver yang rising

Xia Ku Cao 夏枯草HuangQi 黄芪Ju Hua 菊花

Liver fire with heat signs, dizziness

Ju Hua 菊花Xia Ku Cao 夏枯草Jue Ming Zi 决明子

Eye redness, swelling, & pain due to liver fire

Shu Di 熟地Shan Zhu Yu 山茱萸 Impaired vision due to kidney

yin def.

Shi Jue Ming Shi Jue Ming 石决明石决明 (cold )(cold )

Di Long Di Long 地龙地龙

Pharmaceutical Name Pheretime

Actions

1. Drains heat, settles convulsions, extinguishes wind, & stops spasms2. Clears heat & unblocks & promotes movement in the channels & collaterals3. Clears heat & calms wheezing3. Clears heat & promotes urination3. Hypertention

Indications( Exc & def. )

High fever leading to oncoherent speech, convulsions & seizuresSwollen & painful joints with reduced range of motionWheezingHot painful urination

Dosage 4.5- 15 gCook

Toxic Sym. Over dosage: headache, dizziness, palpitations, dyspnea

Di Long Di Long 地龙 地龙 ( cold )( cold )

Contraindications Weak spleen & stomach

Indications FormularGou Teng 钩藤

Bai Jiang Can 白僵蚕 Childhood & adult convulsions & seizures

Fang Ji 防己Qin Jiao 秦艽

Ren Dong Teng 忍冬藤Hot painful obstruction

Quan Xie 全蝎Chi Shao 赤芍

Niu Xi 牛膝Hemiplegia

Ma Huang 麻黄Xing Ren 杏仁 Wheezing

Che Qian Zi 车前子Mu Tong 木通 Painful urinary dribbling

Huang Qin 黄芩Xia Ku Cao 夏枯草

Shi Jue Ming 石决明hypertention

Di Long Di Long 地龙 地龙 ( cold )( cold )

Dai Zhe Shi Dai Zhe Shi 代赭石代赭石

Pharmaceutical Name Haematitum

Actions

1. Sedates & anchors the liver yang & clears liver fire

2. Strongly directs rebellious qi downward

3. Cools blood & stops bleeding

Indications(Exs. & Def. )

Dizziness & headache, vertigo due to liver yang

Belching, vomiting, hiccough

Vomiting of blood and nosebleeds

Dosage 9 – 30 g in decoctions ( crushed ); 1 – 3 g in pills & powders

Cook

Toxic Sym. Long-term administration over 20 days: bleeding of the gingiva and thrombopenic purpura

Dai Zhe Shi Dai Zhe Shi 代赭石代赭石 ( cold )( cold )

Contraindications pregency

Indications FormularNiu Xi 牛膝

Long Gu 龙骨Mu Li 牡蛎

Dizziness due to liver yang rising

Zhen Zhu Mu 珍珠母Ci Shi 磁石 Hypertention due to liver yang

or liver fire

Ban Xia 半夏Xuan Fu Hua 旋复花 Vomiting, hiccough

Zi Shi Ying 紫石英Chi Shi Zhi 赤石脂 Continuous uterine bleeding

Dai Zhe Shi Dai Zhe Shi 代赭石代赭石 ( cold )( cold )

Pharmaceutical Name Saigae tataricae Cornu

Actions

1. Drains liver heat, calms the liver, extinguishes wind & controls spasms & convulsions2. Calms the liver & anchors the yang

2. Clears the liver & improves the vision3. Drains heat & resolves fire toxicity4. Clears damp-heat

Indications(Exc. & Def. )

Childhood convulsion & seizures

Dizziness & vertigo

Swollen eyes, or photophobia due to blazing liver fire

Wind-damp-heat painful obstruction

Dosage 1-3 g decocted by itself for at leat 2 hours; or 0.3-0.6 g ground into a powder

CookToxic Sym. Allergic reactions: erythema, somnolence, tachypnae

Ling Yang Jiao Ling Yang Jiao 羚羊羚羊角角 ( cold )( cold )

Pharmaceutical Name Bombyx batryticatus

Actions

1. Extinguishes wind & stops spasms and convulsion2. Dispels wind, disperses wind-heat, and stops itching & pain2. Transforms phlegm, softens what is hard, & dissipates nodules2. Expels wind & stops itching

Indications(Exc. & Def. )

Childhood convulsions or facial paralysisHeadache, red eyes, sore & swollen throat due to wind-heatPhlegm nodules

Dosage 3 – 9 g in decoction; 1 – 1.5 g in powderCook

Toxic Sym. None noted

Contraindications None noted

Bai Jiang Can Bai Jiang Can 白僵蚕白僵蚕( neutral )( neutral )

Pharmaceutical Name Scorpio

Actions

1. Extinguishes wind & stops tremors & convulsions2. Tracks down wind, unblocks the collaterals, and stops pain3. Attacks and resolves fire toxicity

Indications(Excess )

Spasms, acute or chronic childhood convulsion

Stubborn headaches & painful obstruction

Toxic sores

Dosage 2 – 4.5 g in decoctions; 0.6-1 g in powderCook

Toxic Sym. Itching of the abal and genital areas, urinary pain & obstruction, headache, dizziness

Contraindications Pregnancy or blood def.

Quan Xi Quan Xi 全蝎 全蝎 ( neutral )( neutral ) Toxin

Pharmaceutical Name Scolopendra

Actions

1. Extinguishes wind & stops spasms & convulsion

2. Attacks toxin and dissipates noduls

3. Unblocks the collaterals & stops pain

Indications(Excess)

Acute & chronic childhood convulsion

Sores, carbuncles, and neck lumps, snakebite

Stubbern headache

Dosage 1-3 g in decoctions; 0.6-1 g in powderCook

Toxic Sym. Nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness

Contraindications Pregnancy or blood def.

Wu Gong Wu Gong 蜈蚣 蜈蚣 ( Warm )( Warm ) Toxin