Henry VIII and The Henry VIII and The ReformationReformation

The TudorsThe Tudors The Tudors were a royal family The Tudors were a royal family

who ruled England from 1485 who ruled England from 1485 until 1603.until 1603.

The first Tudor king was called The first Tudor king was called Henry VII.Henry VII.

They brought peace to England They brought peace to England after many years of war. There after many years of war. There had been a war (The War of the had been a war (The War of the Roses) for 30 years in England.Roses) for 30 years in England.

Their names wereTheir names were:: Henry VII Henry VII Henry VIII Henry VIII Edward VI Edward VI Mary I Mary I Elizabeth I Elizabeth I

Henry VII

The Tudor Rose

Young Prince HenryYoung Prince Henry The young Prince Henry, the second The young Prince Henry, the second

son of Henry VII and Elizabeth of son of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York, was born on the 28th of June York, was born on the 28th of June 1491 in Greenwich. 1491 in Greenwich.

Henry was a spoilt child. He even Henry was a spoilt child. He even had his own ‘whipping boy’ who was had his own ‘whipping boy’ who was punished every time Henry did punished every time Henry did something wrong! something wrong!

He was tall and handsome and wore He was tall and handsome and wore fine clothes.fine clothes.

He was also very clever, he was He was also very clever, he was good at latin, maths, astronomy and good at latin, maths, astronomy and music. music.

He was a great musician, composer He was a great musician, composer and singer.and singer.

He was excellent at many sports. He He was excellent at many sports. He loved games, horse-riding and loved games, horse-riding and huntinghunting

He spoke four languages, wrote He spoke four languages, wrote poetry and played musicpoetry and played music

The king Henry VIIIThe king Henry VIII After his older brother After his older brother

(Arthur) died, Henry became (Arthur) died, Henry became next in line to be King. next in line to be King.

His father died in 1509 and His father died in 1509 and the young Prince became the young Prince became King just before his 18th King just before his 18th birthday. birthday.

He wanted to be a strong He wanted to be a strong king, and he wanted a son king, and he wanted a son to succeed him.to succeed him.

But he was also a terrible But he was also a terrible and cruel King. He executed and cruel King. He executed (had killed) anyone who (had killed) anyone who disagreed with him disagreed with him (including two of his wives!) (including two of his wives!)

Look at this picture of Henry. How would you describe Look at this picture of Henry. How would you describe him?him?

How old do you think he

is? Describe the

expression on his face.

How can you tell he is an important

person?

Is he still young and handsome?

Choose words from the box to describe King Henry VIII in this portrait

Arrogant - beautiful - large - powerful - happy - surprisedStrong - round - fat - slim - angry - severe

Catherine of AragonCatherine of Aragon

Soon after the coronation he Soon after the coronation he married his first wife, Catherine married his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, who was his brother’s of Aragon, who was his brother’s Arthur widow.Arthur widow.

She was the daughter of King She was the daughter of King Ferdinand of Spain. This Ferdinand of Spain. This marriage created a strong marriage created a strong alliance between the two alliance between the two countries.countries.

Catherine was beautiful and Catherine was beautiful and intelligent, and Henry loved her. intelligent, and Henry loved her. For almost twenty years they For almost twenty years they were the perfect royal couple were the perfect royal couple and were happy together.and were happy together.

Catherine of AragonCatherine of Aragon

During those years During those years Catherine gave birth to Catherine gave birth to four sons, but they all died. four sons, but they all died. Only a girl, Princess Mary, Only a girl, Princess Mary, who later became Queen who later became Queen of England, survived. of England, survived.

Henry was desperate. He Henry was desperate. He wanted a son to become wanted a son to become king after his death. Finally king after his death. Finally he lost interest in his wife. he lost interest in his wife.

Mary Tudor

Anne Boleyn and the break with Anne Boleyn and the break with RomeRome

In 1526 Henry met a young English In 1526 Henry met a young English lady of the court, Anne Boleyn, and lady of the court, Anne Boleyn, and fell in love with her immediately.fell in love with her immediately.

Henry wanted to marry Anne Henry wanted to marry Anne Boleyn and have a son with her. Boleyn and have a son with her. He decided to divorce Catherine, He decided to divorce Catherine, but he needed permission from the but he needed permission from the Pope of Rome.Pope of Rome.

The Pope refused to give him The Pope refused to give him permission, so the King decided to permission, so the King decided to break off with Rome and gave break off with Rome and gave himself the divorce. himself the divorce.

Henry divorced Catherine and Henry divorced Catherine and married Anne Boleyn in 1533. married Anne Boleyn in 1533. Catherine of Aragon was sent away Catherine of Aragon was sent away from the court and died three from the court and died three years lateryears later..

The end of AnneThe end of Anne Anne gave birth to a girl, Anne gave birth to a girl,

Elizabeth, who later became Elizabeth, who later became Queen of England. Henry was Queen of England. Henry was desolated. He wanted a son desolated. He wanted a son more than anything. more than anything.

In 1534 Parliament made a law In 1534 Parliament made a law called the Act of Supremacy, called the Act of Supremacy, making the King Supreme Head making the King Supreme Head of the Church of England.of the Church of England.

Henry was soon tired of Anne Henry was soon tired of Anne because she did not give him a because she did not give him a son.son.

He then met another lady called He then met another lady called Jane Seymour and fell in love Jane Seymour and fell in love with her.with her.

Anne was accused of adultery Anne was accused of adultery and treason. She was beheaded and treason. She was beheaded in 1536in 1536

Anne in the Tower of London

Elizabeth I

Jane SeymourJane Seymour In 1536, eleven days after In 1536, eleven days after

Anne’s execution, Henry Anne’s execution, Henry married Jane Seymour.married Jane Seymour.

A year later, Jane had a A year later, Jane had a son, Edward, but she died son, Edward, but she died from an infection soon from an infection soon after that.after that.

Henry of all his wives Henry of all his wives probably loved her the probably loved her the most.most.

Henry now had an heir: Henry now had an heir: Prince Edward was the Prince Edward was the future King of England. He future King of England. He was first in line to the was first in line to the throne because he was a throne because he was a male.male.

Henry’s later yearsHenry’s later years Later Henry closed all the Later Henry closed all the

monasteries in England and monasteries in England and took all the money from the took all the money from the Monks and Nuns. He literally Monks and Nuns. He literally threw all of them out onto the threw all of them out onto the streets to beg.streets to beg.

Some monasteries were Some monasteries were destroyed and others were destroyed and others were sold to the nobility. sold to the nobility.

King Henry became the richest King Henry became the richest monarch in Europe, but Spain monarch in Europe, but Spain and France wanted to destroy and France wanted to destroy him. He needed a strong ally.him. He needed a strong ally.

He decided to marry a German He decided to marry a German Princess, Anne of Cleves, Princess, Anne of Cleves, although he didn’t like her. He although he didn’t like her. He married her for political married her for political reasons and divorced her reasons and divorced her seven months later, in July seven months later, in July 1540.1540. Anne of Cleves

Henry’s later yearsHenry’s later years

Catherine Howard Catherine Howard became Henry’s became Henry’s fifth wife in the fifth wife in the same month.same month.

She was unfaithful She was unfaithful and Henry became and Henry became furious.furious.

Two years later she Two years later she was accused of was accused of treason and treason and beheaded. beheaded.

Catherine Howard

Henry’s later yearsHenry’s later years

Then Henry married his last Then Henry married his last wife, Catherine Parr. wife, Catherine Parr.

She liked family life and She liked family life and looked after Henry’s looked after Henry’s children. Probably Henry children. Probably Henry was happy with her.was happy with her.

By the end of his life, Henry By the end of his life, Henry was a sad and lonely was a sad and lonely person. He was terrified of person. He was terrified of getting ill. getting ill.

He had a serious weight He had a serious weight problem, he ate big problem, he ate big amounts of food, meat, fish, amounts of food, meat, fish, dairy products and lots of dairy products and lots of wine and beer. He became wine and beer. He became so fat that he had to be so fat that he had to be carried everywhere by carried everywhere by servants. servants. Catherine Parr

Henry’s later yearsHenry’s later years

He died on 28th January He died on 28th January 1547. The possible causes 1547. The possible causes of death are:of death are: Old age - 56 was a ripe old Old age - 56 was a ripe old

age in Tudor times. age in Tudor times. A sexually transmitted A sexually transmitted

disease. disease. Over eating. Over eating. Gangrene in his legs Gangrene in his legs

because of an ancient because of an ancient wound.wound.

Scurvy - lackScurvy - lack of Vitamin C.of Vitamin C. He was buried at Windsor He was buried at Windsor

next to his third wife, Jane next to his third wife, Jane Seymour, the wife he loved Seymour, the wife he loved the most.the most. Henry VIII in 1543