INTRODUCTION  

Sustainable  Tree-­‐based  Bioenergy  in  Sub-­‐Saharan  Africa  ICRAF,  Nairobi,  26-­‐28  May  2015  

Henry  Neufeldt  World  Agroforestry  Centre  (ICRAF)  

The  relaHon  between  HDI,  EDI  and  bioenergy  dependence  for  the  selected  developing  countries  (data:  UNDP-­‐HDI,  IEA-­‐EDI,  WDI  –  

combusHble  renewables  as  %  in  total  energy  use)  

SDG7  ENSURE  ACCESS  TO  AFFORDABLE,  RELIABLE,  SUSTAINABLE,  AND  MODERN  ENERGY  FOR  ALL    

Francis  Hannaway   WWF  

In  Africa  80%  of  energy  is  derived  from  

fuelwood  and  charcoal  

Fuelwood  

Charcoal  

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

fore

st a

reas

requ

ired

to m

eet

char

coal

dem

and

(000

ha/

year

)

kiln @10%

kiln @10% + improved stove

kiln @10% + improved stove + AF

kiln @10→@30%

kiln @10→@30% + improved stove

kiln @10→@30% + improved stove + AF

¢  US$8b  revenue  +7m  employment  in  2007;  esKmated  US$12b+12m  by  2030  ¢  complex  and  mulK-­‐layered  “command  and  control”-­‐type  regulatory  contexts,  

which  result  in  an  unclear  framework  for  stakeholders  operaKng  in  the  sector     Figure 17: Marketing channels for charcoal in Kenya

Production Site (wood and Charcoal)

Middlemen

Households

Road Side

Wholesalers

Retailers

KFS

Police

Local Authorities

www.businessdailyafrica.com    

erinmurraytravels.blogspot.com  

KFS  (2013)  

www.businessdailyafrica.com    

0-­‐3%  

~16%   20~22%  

~3%  

~20%  

~2%  20-­‐30%  

Nairobi,  Kenya  

YaWa,  Kenya  

Mutomo,  Kenya   Kerio,  Kenya  

G  Ndegwa  

Somalia  Export  to  Gulf   www.trust.org    

Charcoal  is  among  the  most  commercialized  resources  in  SSA;  many  stakeholders  are  compeHng  for  profit  margins  at  different  stages  of  the  value  chain  from  rural  

supply  centres  to  urban  demand  centres  

Current  electricity  generaKon  from  biomass-­‐fired  power  staKons  in  the  European  Union  (GWh)  

Charcoal  producKon  from  mesquite  

(Prosopis    -­‐  a  serious  invasive  tree  in  East  

Africa)  

Biomass  gasificaKon  for  electricity  

generaKon,  India  

Jatropha  curcas  

Pongamia  pinnata  

Nypa  fructans  

Source:  wikipedia  commons  

THE  CHALLENGE  

Knowledge  ¢ How  much  wood  is  needed/can  be  produced?  ¢ Models  for  short  rotaKon  producKon  ¢ Models  for  renewable  producKon  and  use  ¢  BeWer  cooking  technology  ¢  PotenKal  of  gasificaKon  for  power  ¢  PotenKal  of  biofuels  ¢  Effects  on  climate  change  (+/-­‐)  

THE  CHALLENGE  (CONTINUED)  

Policy  

¢ Rehabilitate  the  reputaKon  of  trees  for  energy  

¢ Influence  the  post-­‐2015  development  agenda  

¢ Include  trees  in  policies  on  energy  mixes  ¢ Eliminate  perverse  policies  (especially  charcoal)  

¢ Develop  wood  for  energy  markets  

THE  CHALLENGE  (CONTINUED)  

¢  AcKon  

¢  A  global  plaiorm  for  tree-­‐based  energy?  

¢ Develop  partnerships  

¢  Promote  renewable  tree-­‐based  energy  

Thanks  for  a  future