hematología en aves final.3

7/26/2019 HEMATOLOGA EN AVES final.3

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Journal of Wildlife Diseases Format

9

Monocitos:Como en los mamferos, los monocitosaviares son parte del sistema de

monocito-macrfagos y constituyen lapiscina de reemplazo para los macrfagos

del tejido

104

.

Basfilos:Los basfilos parecen jugar un papel

importante en la inflamacin temprana yreacciones de hipersensibilidad

inmediata, pero difieren de los de losmamferos al no contribuir a la

hipersensibilidad retardada102

.

Eosinfilos:

La funcin de los eosinfilos aviar espoco conocida. La eosinofilia puede serobservado despus de la administracin

antgeno extrao y, posiblemente, enasociacin con el parasitismo tracto

alimentario, pero la respuesta parsita poreste tipo de clulas en las aves no ha sido

cientficamente confirmada103,104

.

Trombocitos:Los trombocitos son el equivalente

funcional de las plaquetas de mamferos.A menudo confundido con linfocitos

pequeos y tienen una tendencia aagruparse en los frotis, en particular

cuando se procesa sin el uso de unanticoagulante. Cuando se produce la

formacin de grumos, pueden mostrar ladesgranulacin de grnulos especficos,

degeneracin celular y picnosis nuclear104

Como con las plaquetas de mamferos,

aves trombocitos agregados puerta en unsitio de la lesin vascular y formar un

tapn hemosttico. Adems, trombocitostienen habilidades fagocticas y

probablemente tienen alguna funcin enalteraciones en los la inmunidad

105,106.

ALGUNOS CAMBIOSMORFOLGICOS:Cuerpos de Heinz pueden estar asociados

con la anemia hemoltica en las aves yrepresentan daos oxidativo a los

eritrocitos. Se asemejan a los observadasen los mamferos107

.

Fig 5.Los cuerpos de Heinz son proyecciones redondeadasde la superficie de los eritrocitos que representan la

hemoglobina desnaturalizada despus del dao oxidativo133

La presencia de heterfilos inmaduros en

la sangre perifrica por lo general indicauna respuesta inflamatoria severa,

especialmente en asociacin con una

leucopenia (degeneracin rativadesplazamiento a la izquierda)

121.

Fig 6. Heterfilos inmaduros cuando se ven indica inflamacingrave132 .

La presencia de heterfilos txicos122

tambin es poco comn en la sangre

perifrica de aves. Pero, cuando estpresente, sugieren la presencia de una

septicemia o toxemia (especialmenteasociado con toxinas bacterianas que

afectan el microambiente del tejido


2/14

hematopoytico). Cuanto mayor es el

grado de toxicidad, ms grave es laenfermedad. La presencia de un nmero

de marcado +4 heterfilos txicos indicaun mal pronstico para la supervivencia

en las aves.

Fig 7. Heterfilos con cambios txicos, pueden mostrarbasofilia citoplasmtica, hipersegmentacin nuclear,vacuolizacin. Los heterfilos txicos y heterfilos inmaduros

pueden confundirse.

Discusin y perspectivas a futuro

Las aves presentan caractersticas

morfolgicas que difieren de losmamferos. Estas caractersticas pueden

llevar a un mal diagnstico para aquellosque no se han instruido en el tema de la

hematologa aviar.

Los mdicos veterinarios, biolgos yaficionados de las aves son los principales

responsables de dar a conocer estasdiferencias a sus pares, es por esto que

este trabajo pretende dar a conocerinformacin bsica y relevante a los

interesados en este tema.

Al momento de realizar una comparacincualitativa entre los rangos de las

diferentes especies de aves que aadimosen el anexo 1, podemos apreciar que la

diferencia entre especie es significativa;por lo que es necesario generar ms

estudios en las diferentes especies, y noslo en las familias, ya que al realizar estainvestigacin notamos, que existan no

slo diferencias entre macho y hembras,si no que tambin en el estado que se

encontraban (juveniles v/s adultos).

La medicina veterinaria avanza a grandes

pasos ao tras ao, y de tal modo lo hacenlos propietarios, ya que no son slo los

pacientes caninos y felinos los que llegana la consulta, si no tambin lo son los

animales exticos. Es por esto, que esnecesario generar instancias de

investigacin, para dar a conocer lasdiferencias que se pueden encontrar en las

aves, de esta manera evitaremossubdiagnosticar o sobrediagnosticar

enfermedades.

La capacitacin a los medicosveterinarios que hacen clnica y a los que

se encargan del era de patologa, son el

nexo que ayudarn a crear conciencia yayudar a los futuros pacientes.

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Anexo 1: Algunos rangos de referencia para distintas especies

Subclase Infraclase Orden Familia Gnero Especie Clulassanguneas

Intervalo

Paleognathae Struthioniformes Struthionidae

Struthio Struthiocamelus40-42 Eritrocitos (10cl/mm

3)

1,18 - 2,87

Hemoglobina

(g/L)

6,55 - 13,9

VCM (fL) 151,78-371,1

CHCM (%) 7,4 - 24,53

Leucocitos (103

cl/mm3)

7,4 - 24,52

Heterfilos (%) 60,5 - 85,5

Linfocitos (%) 11,5 - 31,5

Monocitos (%) 0,00 - 7,00

Eosinfilos (%) 0,00 - 5,00

Basfilos (%) 0,00 - 1,00

Rheiformes Rheidae Rhea Rhea

americana43-46

Eritrocitos (106

cl/mm3)

2,25 0,1

Hemoglobina

(g/L)

13,4 0,45

VCM (fL) 18,5 5,9

CHCM (%) 32 0,01

Leucocitos (10

cl/mm3)

13,6 3,3

Heterfilos (%) 59,5 33,3

Linfocitos (%) 31,6 23,2

Monocitos (%) 3,68 2,94

Eosinfilos (%) 1,47 1,47

Basfilos (%) 3,68 3,68

Tinamiformes Tinamidae Eudromia Eudromia

elegans4,487

Leucocitos (10

cl/mm3

)

8,90 - 21,2

Heterfilos

(103cl/mm

3)

1,39 - 8,64

Linfocitos (10

cl/mm3)

5,18 - 13,1

Monocitos (10

cl/mm3)

0,00 - 1,48

Basfilos (10

cl/mm3)

0,00 - 0,94

Eosinfilos

(103cl/mm

3)

0,00 - 0,64

Hct (%) 29,00 - 41,0

Neognathae Galloanserae Anseriformes

Anatidae Cygnus Cygnus

olor50

Eritrocitos (10

cl/mm3)

1,54-2,715

Hemoglobina(g/L)

8,9-23,85

VCM (um3) 106,05-220

CHCM (%) 21,55-79,8

Leucocitos (109

cl/mm3)

4,5-29,25

Heterofilos (%) 23,5-65,5

Linfocitos (%) 30,0-68,5


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19

cl./mm )

Linfocitos (10

cl./mm3)

0,35-5,4

Monocitos (109

cl./mm3)

0,0-1,55

Eosinfilos

(109/mm3)

0,05-1,1

Basfilos

(103/mm

3)

0,0-0,3

Ciconiiformes Ciconiidae Mycteria Mycterialeucocephala69,70

Eritrocitos (10

cl./uL)

2,42-4,06

Hemoglobina

(g/dL)

16,11-19,2

VCM (fL) 100,77-178,

Leucocitos (104

cl./uL)

1,28-6,48

Heterfilos (%) 1,11-20,09


Monocitos (%) 0,00-0,00

Eosinfilos (%) 3,46-20,54

Basfilo (%) 0,0-2,33

Coliiformes Coliidae Urocolius Urocolius

macrourus71

Eritrocitos (10

cl./mm3)

2,69-5,10

Hemoglobina

(%)

11,6-18,77

Volumen (um ) 116,7-181,

CHCM (%) 4,38-7,50

Leucocitos (10

cl./mm3)

20,0-40,0

Heterfilos (%) 16,0-31,5


Monocitos (%) 2,0-7,3


Basfilos (%) 0,0-4,5Columbiformes Columbidae

Columbinae72

Eritrocitos (10

cl./L)

4,92 0,13

Hemoglobina

(g/dL)

14,28 0,2

Leucocitos (109

cl/L)

27,31 1,8

Heterfilos (%) 41,68 0,5

Linfocitos (%) 53,01 0,6

Monocitos (%) 0,80 0,23

Eosinfilos (%) 2,37 0,24

Basfilos (%) 1,62 0,22

Cuculiformes *

Falconiformes Falconidae Falco Falco

tinnunculus1

26, 129

Eritrocitos (10

cl./L)

1.52-2.92

Hemoglobina

(g/L)

88-145

VCM (fL) 114.10- 281.

CHCM(%) 204.36-361.

Leucocitos (10

cl/L)

4.25- 9.75


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Heterfilos (%) 42.00-55.0

Linfocitos (%) 35.00-56.0

Monocitos (%) 1.00-4.00

Eosinfilos (%) 0.00-0.00

Basfilos (%) 1.00-5.00

Gaviiformes Gaviidae Gavia Gavia

immer130

Hematocrito(%) 30- 56

Leucocitos

(109cel/L)

9-33

Heterfilos (%) 10-56

Eosinfilos (%) 7-59

Monocitos (%) 11-76

Basfilos (%) 0-1

Gruiformes

Eritrocitos

(1012

cl/L)

2,54

Hemoglobina

(g/L)

16,15

Leucocitos (109

cl/L)

6

Heterfilos (%) 53,3

Linfocitos (%) 929,8

Monocitos (%) 0- 1,08

Eosinfilos (%) 0- 9,8

Basfilos (%) 0-1,6

Trombocitos

(109cl/L)

0-16,8

Passeriformes Emberizidae Zonotrichia Zonotrichia

capensis136

Heterfilos (%) 54.5 6.9

Linfocitos (%) 34.7 5.5Monocitos (%) 2.9 2.6

Eosinfilos (%) 1.5 2.2

Basfilos (%) 6.3 3.1

Pelecaniformes Pelecanidae Pelecanus Pelecanus

onocrotalus137

Hematocrito

(%)

39.16.9

Phoenicopterifor

mes

Phoenicopteridae Phoenicopter

us

Phoenicopter

us ruber

ruber135

Eritrocitos(10 /u

L)

1,12-1,85

Hemoglobina(g/

gL)

9,22-17,65

Hematocrito

(%)

37,95-57,8

VCM (fL) 234,31 -419,

CHCM(g/dL) 20,42 35,8

Leucocitos

(cel/uL)

1.531-15.89

Heterofilos(%) 10,09-114,4

Linfocitos(%) 8,41-96,02

Monocitos(%) 0,72-18,94

Eosinfilos(%) 0-3,89


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21

Basfilos (%) 0-8,49

Piciformes

**

Podicipediformes *

Procellariformes Procellariidae Macronecte

s

M.

giganteus56,5

7

Hematocrito

(%)

38-53,5

Leucocitos (10

cl./mm3)

2,1-6,58

Heterfilos (103

cl./mm3)

0,9-3,9

Linfocitos (103

cl./mm3)

0,4-2,5

Monocitos (10

cl./mm3)

0,02-0,37

Eosinfilos

(103/mm

3)

0,11-1,10

Basfilos (10

cl./mm3)

0,00-0,01

Psittaciformes58

Psittacidae Amazona Amazonabrasiliensis

5

9,60

Eritrocitos (106

cl./uL)

0,50-3,65

Hemoglobina

(g/dL)

6,55-14,48

VCM (fL) 123-520

CHCM (g/dL) 196-503

Leucocitos (10

cl./uL)

10,0-63,0

Heterfilos (%) 35-85


Monocitos (%) 0,0-3,0


Basfilos (%) 0,0-5,0

Pterocliciformes *

Sphenisciformes Spheniscidae Spheniscus Spheniscus

mendiculus1

27

Hematocrito

(%)128 41.25

Leucocitos (%) 25 -56

Heterfilos (%) 8-85

Linfocitos (%) 6-85

Eosinfilos(%) 0-37

Basfilos (%) 0-3

Strigiformes126

Eritrocitos

(1012

cel/L)

1.63.3

VCM (fL) 135270

Leucocitos

109/L

11,3 -26,5

Heterofilos (%) 2685

Linfocitos (%) 241

Monocitos (%) 017


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hematología en aves final.3

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