Molecular Identification of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in the Milwaukee County

Institution Grounds Cemetery

Helen M. WernerUniversity of Wisconsin-Milwaukee

80th Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, San Francisco, 15-19 April 2015.

Symposium: People that no one had use for, had nothing to give to, no place to offer: The Milwaukee County Institution Grounds Poor Farm Cemetery

Ziehl-Neelsen stain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from chest material (Donoghue 2004)

Spinal pathology from an eighteenth century Hungarian with Pott’s disease (Donoghue 2004)

Lot number 1009: Lesion and IS6110 positive

Sample Characteristics

Sex Age Lesions

Male 71 Young Adult 17 No 77

Female 14 Middle Age 53 Yes 9

Old Age 15

First Sodium Boric Acid Gel

Second Sodium Boric Acid Gel

Sample Burial Number IS61101 3039 Yes2 2003 Yes3 5035 No4 5207 No5 7230 No6 9263 Yes7 1009 Yes9 1012 No24 2006 No

Samples Positive for Osteological Lesions

Samples Positive for is6110Sample Burial Number Lesions10 1013 No14 1017 No21 1035 No22 1044 No35 2038 No82 9291 No1 3039 Yes2 2003 Yes6 9263 Yes7 1009 Yes

Summary of is6110 Positive Samples

Sex Age Lesions Male 10 Young Adult 4 No 7

Female 1 Middle Age 6 Yes 4 Old Age 1

Les

ion

s IS6110

No Yes

No 70 7 Yes 5 4

IS61

10 Predicted Values

No Yes

No 75 0 Yes 11 0

Raw Data

Logistic Regression Predicted Values

Future Hypotheses

Outside of MCIG

IS6110 in Historical cemeteries

IS6110 in pre-

historical cemeteries

Within MCIG

Other bacterial infections

Thank you

Dr. Patricia RichardsDr. Joseph P GrayDr. Trudy Turner

The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Archaeological Laboratory

Carrie JonesEmily EpsteinJessica SkinnerRachel McTavishZachary Stencil