health status of factory workers

7/27/2019 Health Status of Factory Workers

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By-

Aaron Desai (22)

Varun Desai (23) Nidhi Dhamecha (24)

Namrata Dosapaty (26)

Roma Gandhi (28)



The risk factors in textile industries.

Physical, biological, chemical, ergonomic,

Work place environment.

The dependence on technologies in industry has resulted in high

accident rates, occupational diseases, and unhealthy working

environments.

Most workers are illiterate and are unaware about the health hazards and

the preventive techniques.



What is the status of health of 100 factory workers employed at 2different factories and their level of knowledge about the prevention of health hazards and use of protective devices?

To study the profile of health of factory workers.

To assess the level of knowledge and practice about the use of protectivedevices and measures to prevent occupational hazards.

To investigate the factors effecting occupational health and safety intextile industry

To study the correlation among different factors.

To make appropriate recommendations to the factory owners and the

workers.



Study design : cross sectional

Subjects : 100 factory workers

Inclusion criteria : workers associated with

production

Exclusion criteria : office staff

Sampling technique : random sampling

Consent : informed verbal consent



After the completion of P.S.B.H workshop the project was

selected considering its importance.

Its format was discussed by our group and a relevant

questionnaire was prepared and reviewed by our Facilitator.Then permission was obtained from the factory owners and the

questionnaires were filled from workers.

Then analysis of the data was done by using SPSS software and

the results were obtained and reviewed by our facilitator.

The appropriate recommendations have been made.



74% of workers live in the urban areas.

Only 6% workers are illiterate, 28% have received primary education, 43% received secondary education, 17% receivedhigher secondary education, 6% are graduate.

85% of workers are working 12 hours a day.

On average workers have an experience of about 10 years

Only 24% of workers have taken special training for their work in institutions like ATIRA. Rest of workers have learned their

work from senior workers.

All workers are ESIS beneficiary.

Only 3% workers have any history of injury.



AGE DISTRIBUTION Of Workers

15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64

Total 27 43 20 8 2

Factory 1 18 28 15 8 0

Factory 2 9 15 5 0 2

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

A g e ( Y e

a r s )

Age

Majority of workers belong to 25-35 years of age. The mean age of workers is

30 years with standard deviation of 9.09



RESPIRATORY PROBLEMS In Workers

85

15

Respiratory Problems

No Yes

Out of the 15 cases of respiratory problems, there are 5 cases of cough, 2of chest pain, 5 of cough with dyspnoea, and 3 of dyspnoea with chest pain.

There is no relation between residence and respiratory problems.

As most of the time is spent in factory there is no influence of residence on

their health



OTOLOGICAL COMPLAINS In Workers

No

85%

Yes

15%

Otological problems

Out of the 15 cases of otological complains, there are 10 cases of hearing

loss, 1 of ear discharge with hearing loss, 3 of earache with hearing loss, and

1 of earache with discharge and hearing loss.

There is no relation between residence and otological problems.

As most of the time is spent in factory there is no influence of residence on

their health



Use Of Protective Devices

63

44

19

37

25

12

100

69

31

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

total Factory 1 Factory 2

w o r k e r s

Protective Devices

No

Yes

Total

Only 37% workers use protective devices during work hours.

In factory 1 around 36.23% and factory 2 around 38.7 % workers use

protective devices

Standard Error of difference between two proportions=10.49

Z=0.236.Thus as Z<2S.E. it im lies that P>0.005 which means the above data is



Awareness About Rights

93

65

28

74 3

100

69

31

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

total Factory 1 Factory 2

w o r k e r s

Right Awareness

No

Yes

Total

Less than 10% workers are aware of their rights.

In factory 1 around 5.8% and factory 2 around 9.7 % workers are aware

about their rights.


Z=0.931.

Thus, as Z<2S.E. it implies that P>0.005 which means the above data is



Awareness About Health Hazards

61

39

22

39

30

9

100

69

31

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Total Factory 1 Factory 2

w o r k e r s

Awareness about health hazards

No

Yes

Total

39% workers are aware about health hazards of their work.

In factory 1 around 43.5% and factory 2 around 29 % workers are aware about

health hazards.


Z=1.43.




Awareness About Preventive Measures

64

41

23

36

28

8

100

69

31

0

20

40

60

80

100

120


w o r k e r s

Awareness-Preventive Measures

No

Yes

Total

40% workers are aware about prevention techniques. In factory 1 around

40.6% and factory 2 around 25.8 % workers use protective devices.


Z=1.502.

Thus, as Z<2S.E. it implies that P>0.005 which means the above data isinsignificant.



Status Of Workers Who Use Masks

63

44

19

37

25

12

100

69

31

0

20

40

60

80

100

120


w o r k e r s

Mask Users

No

Yes

Total

37% workers use mask.

In factory 1, 36.23% and in factory 2,38.71% use mask.


Z=0.236.

Thus, as Z<2S.E. it implies that P>0.005 which means the above data isinsignificant.



Status Of Workers Who Use Ear Plugs

87

58

29

13 11

2

100

69

31

0

20

40

60

80

100

120


W o r k e r s

Ear Plugs' Users

No

Yes

Total

13% workers use ear plugs.

In factory 1, 15.94% and in factory 2, 6.45% of workers use earplugs.


Z=0.236.


insignificant.



Use Of Protective Devices In Workers In

Relation To Their Level Of Education

0 1

8

18

7

324

28

43

17

6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Illiterate Just literate Primary Secondary Higher

secondary

Graduate

w

o

r

k

e

r

s

level of education

Protective Devices

Yes

total

At df =5 chi-square=3.273 and P=0.658

P>0.05 so chances of occurring this event by chance is more.

Thus there is no relation between level of education and use of protectivedevices.



Awareness Of Rights In Workers In Relation To

Their Level Of Education

1 0 02 2 22

4

28

43

17

6

0

5

10

15

20

25

3035

40

45

50

Illiterate Just literate Primary Secondary Higher

secondary

Graduate

w

o

r

k

e

r

s

level of education

Right Awareness

Yes

total

At df=5 chi-square=15.438 and P=0.009

Thus the data is highly significant and shows that the awareness about rights

increases at higher levels of education.



Comparison Of History Of Injury Against

Training Of Workers

74

23

2 1

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

No Yes

w

or

k

e

r

s

training

Comparison of Injury and training in

workers

History Of Injury No

History Of Injury Yes

Only 3% have history of injury.


P>0.05 so chances of occurring this event by chance is more. Thus there

is no relationship between history of injury and training of workers as

accidents occur due to negligence on the part of workers.



Respiratory Complains In Workers Who Smoke

76

9

9

6

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

No Yes

Yes/No

RESP YES/NO Yes

RESP YES/NO No


Thus the data is highly significant and shows that smoking definitely

increases the risk of respiratory problems.



Respiratory Complains In Workers In RelationTo Years Of Experience

37

30

76

5

01 1

6

4

12

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1 - 5 6 - 10 11 - 15 16 - 20 21 - 25 26 - 30

w

o

r

k

e

r

s

years of experience

Respiratory problems

No

Yes


Thus the data is highly significant and shows that respiratory problems

increase with increase in years of work.



Otological Complains in Workers in relation to

Years of Experience

37

25

10

7

5

11

6

3 3

1 1

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1 - 5 6 - 10 11 - 15 16 - 20 21 - 25 26 - 30

w

o

r

k

e

r

s

years of experiance

otologic problems

No

Yes


P>0.05 so chances of occurring this event by chance is more.Thus there is no relation between otological problems and years of work.



Otological Complains in Workers VS use of Ear

Plugs

73

1214

10

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

No Yes

Ear Plugs

w

o

r

k

e

r

s

Otologic Problems

No

Yes



Thus there is no relation between Otological problems and use of ear



Respiratory Complains in Workers VS use of

Mask

56

29

7

8

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

No Yes

Mask

RESP YES/NO Yes

RESP YES/NO No



Thus there is no relation between respiratory problems and use of masks.

As respiratory problems are multifactorial, use of a mask only may not

sufficiently reduce the occurrence of a respiratory problem.



The workers should receive training in specific institutions. The training periodshould comprise a minimum 1 month duration. The workers should beallowed to operate machinery only after thorough training.

Provision of Leaves as per the laws.

The periods of work of adult workers in a factory each day shall be so fixed that no period shall exceed five hours and that no worker shall work for more thanfive hours before he has had an interval for rest of at least half an hour.

Prohibition of overlapping shifts

Work shall not be carried on in any factory by means of a system of shifts

so arranged that more than one relay of workers is engaged in work of thesame kind at the same time.

The duration of working hours should be reduced from 12 hrs to 8 hrs a day.



There should be regular medical check up of workers as follows:

The workers should be examined by qualified doctors and enquired about any health problems.

The factory owners should make provisions for regular medical check up.

Such health check up can be carried out at an interval of 3 months.

the factory can maintain the data regarding their health.

Protective devices like masks, gloves, aprons etc. should beprovided to the workers and workers should be encouraged to usethem regularly and continuously throughout the working hours.

The workers should be aware of their rights. The factory ownersshould conduct sessions regarding right awareness.



SAMPLE SIZE

CLINICAL EXAMINATION AND

INVESTIGATIONS

INTERVENTION

FOLLOW UP



The study carried amongst the factory workers of twodifferent textiles showed the following results:

Only 24% of workers have taken special training for their work ininstitutions like ATIRA.Rest of workers have learned their work from senior workers.85% workers are working for 12 hours a day.15% workers have some kind of respiratory problems.15% workers have some kind of otological problems.

3% workers have history of injury during work.40% workers are aware about health hazards of their work.40% workers are aware about prevention techniques.On average workers have an experience of about 10 years.All workers are ESIS beneficiary.



Only 37% workers use protective devices during work hours.

Less than 10% workers are aware of their rights like duration of

work per day, compensation in case of any injury, provision ofleaves, provision of protective devices etc.

The awareness about rights increases at higher levels ofeducation.

Smoking definitely increases the risk of respiratory problems.

Respiratory problems increase with increase in years of work.

health status of factory workers

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