EUROPEAN FACTORY WORKERS: EUROPEAN FACTORY WORKERS: 1800-19301800-1930BY: SYDNIE CHAVEZBY: SYDNIE CHAVEZ PERIOD 3PERIOD 3

FIRST INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONFIRST INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

• late 1700late 1700’’s to 1830s to 1830’’ss

• steam power steam power

• utilized effectively by James Watt in utilized effectively by James Watt in 17781778

• textile industry boomedtextile industry boomed

• introduction of chemical dyesintroduction of chemical dyes

• the use of machine tools such as thethe use of machine tools such as the

• milling machine: used to cut wood, milling machine: used to cut wood, developed in 1829developed in 1829

• the employment of factory workers the employment of factory workers made all of this possiblemade all of this possible

CLICK HERE TO SEE HOW A MILLING MACHINE WORKS

FACTORY WORKERSFACTORY WORKERS

• men, women, and young children from men, women, and young children from the lower class were employedthe lower class were employed

• factory workers often worked for 16 or factory workers often worked for 16 or more hours with little breaksmore hours with little breaks

• wages were around 1 or 2 dollars a wages were around 1 or 2 dollars a dayday

• the standard of living was extremely the standard of living was extremely low, most families had around 8 or low, most families had around 8 or more children, many of whom did not more children, many of whom did not survive to adult hoodsurvive to adult hood

READ MORE ABOUT THE LIVES OF INDUSTRIAL WORKERS

LEARN MORE ABOUT WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

CONDITIONS OF FACTORY CONDITIONS OF FACTORY WORKERSWORKERS

• the conditions in factories during the First Industrial the conditions in factories during the First Industrial Revolution were horribleRevolution were horrible

• workers were beaten if they were late, fell asleep on the workers were beaten if they were late, fell asleep on the job, or if they did not do the job rightjob, or if they did not do the job right

• there are some accounts of children who are late having there are some accounts of children who are late having ropes with heavy weights tied around their necks and ropes with heavy weights tied around their necks and paraded around the factory to set an exampleparaded around the factory to set an example

• people were overworked and often physically injured people were overworked and often physically injured themselves workingthemselves working

• child workers often died or hurt themselves while child workers often died or hurt themselves while attempting to work heavy machinery attempting to work heavy machinery

• many women also lost children while working in the many women also lost children while working in the factories due to the harsh conditions and inadequate pay, factories due to the harsh conditions and inadequate pay, making it impossible to get enough nutritious foodmaking it impossible to get enough nutritious food

SECOND INDUSTRIAL SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONREVOLUTION

• 18501850’’s to 1914s to 1914

• also known as the Technological Revolutionalso known as the Technological Revolution

• new ways to organize factories were introduced, such as the new ways to organize factories were introduced, such as the production lineproduction line

• 1855: the Bessemer process which contributed to the mass 1855: the Bessemer process which contributed to the mass production of steel productsproduction of steel products

• applied chemistry and thermodynamics to new inventionsapplied chemistry and thermodynamics to new inventions

• engines and turbines were improved uponengines and turbines were improved upon

• 1876: internal combustion engine, also known as the Otto engine1876: internal combustion engine, also known as the Otto engine

MORE ABOUT THE BESSEMER PROCESS

MORE ABOUT THE OTTO ENGINE

LABOR LAWSLABOR LAWS

• Labor Laws were more greatly enforced during the later half of the Labor Laws were more greatly enforced during the later half of the First Industrial Revolution, and for the majority of the Second First Industrial Revolution, and for the majority of the Second Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

• child labor lawschild labor laws

• Factory Act of 1833Factory Act of 1833read more about the Factory act of 1833

• children 9 to 13 years old could only work 8 hourschildren 9 to 13 years old could only work 8 hours

• children under 9 years old could not workchildren under 9 years old could not work

• Ten Hours Bill of 1847Ten Hours Bill of 1847

• women and children could work no more than 10 hours a daywomen and children could work no more than 10 hours a day

MORE ABOUT THE TEN HOURS BILL OF 1847

WOMEN WORKERSWOMEN WORKERS

• most women worked in the textile industry and in most women worked in the textile industry and in coal minescoal mines

• families depended on the extra wages earned by families depended on the extra wages earned by womenwomen

• women became more independent and had more women became more independent and had more of a chance at mobility because they were able to of a chance at mobility because they were able to make their own moneymake their own money

• however, it was hardly enough, though by the late however, it was hardly enough, though by the late 19th century the standard of living for women did 19th century the standard of living for women did go up due to the increased enforcement of Labor go up due to the increased enforcement of Labor LawsLaws

• working women also did not have access to an working women also did not have access to an extended education, they were taught through extended education, they were taught through churches or through people at the factories they churches or through people at the factories they worked atworked at

• most people agree, though, that the Industrial most people agree, though, that the Industrial Revolution helped advance views towards women Revolution helped advance views towards women in the long runin the long run

LEARN MORE ABOUT WOMEN IN THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

FACTORY WORKERS IN THE FACTORY WORKERS IN THE FIRST WORLD WARFIRST WORLD WAR

• the majority of factory workers during the majority of factory workers during the First World War were womenthe First World War were women

• World War I completely changed World War I completely changed European society and the views it European society and the views it once heldonce held

• the sanitation in factories improved the sanitation in factories improved and complex production lines were and complex production lines were implemented to produce as much as implemented to produce as much as possiblepossible

• many women who were factory many women who were factory workers left to become nurses, workers left to become nurses, greatly increasing the demand for greatly increasing the demand for workersworkers

• with men off at war women were able with men off at war women were able to dominate the industries of mass to dominate the industries of mass production production

VIEWS TOWARDS WOMENVIEWS TOWARDS WOMEN

• women often shamed men into going to warwomen often shamed men into going to war

• they decided to join the workforce not only to change their lives, but to show patriotism they decided to join the workforce not only to change their lives, but to show patriotism towards their countrytowards their country

• the women had to take on roles they had never been in beforethe women had to take on roles they had never been in before

• in Britain and France many women joined the workforcein Britain and France many women joined the workforce

• Germany: less women joined the workforce because they were seen by men as unable to do Germany: less women joined the workforce because they were seen by men as unable to do the same jobsthe same jobs

• some men still opposed to women in the workforce, still claiming that they belonged doing some men still opposed to women in the workforce, still claiming that they belonged doing only domestic thingsonly domestic things

• women were given more respect and had more self-respect as they were able to provide for women were given more respect and had more self-respect as they were able to provide for themselves and provide for their country as wellthemselves and provide for their country as well

• after the end of World War I women found more jobs available to them, however, they were after the end of World War I women found more jobs available to them, however, they were often replaced by men who returned back from the waroften replaced by men who returned back from the war

• in 1920 the women labor force was 2% less than it had been before the warin 1920 the women labor force was 2% less than it had been before the war

• women's suffrage movements and feminist movements were more popular, and successful, women's suffrage movements and feminist movements were more popular, and successful, after the war, when women were more independent and seen as no longer just domestic after the war, when women were more independent and seen as no longer just domestic figuresfigures

A letter from the president of the London and Provincial Union of Licensed Vehicle Workers protesting women workers

SUMMARYSUMMARY

• conditions at the beginning of the industrial period in Europe were horribleconditions at the beginning of the industrial period in Europe were horrible

• wages were low and people often died very young due to accidents in the wages were low and people often died very young due to accidents in the factoriesfactories

• with the enactment of Labor Laws conditions began to improvewith the enactment of Labor Laws conditions began to improve

• Child Labor Laws limited the amount of time children could work, and the Child Labor Laws limited the amount of time children could work, and the treatment towards themtreatment towards them

• by the late 1800by the late 1800’’s the standard of living for factory workers had greatly improveds the standard of living for factory workers had greatly improved

• during the First World War women were the primary industrial workersduring the First World War women were the primary industrial workers

• the conditions in factories had greatly improved and factories were better the conditions in factories had greatly improved and factories were better organizedorganized

• views towards women in society and women in the work force were liberated as views towards women in society and women in the work force were liberated as the work women did for the cause of the war was respectablethe work women did for the cause of the war was respectable

• these views eventually led to womenthese views eventually led to women’’s suffrage movements and movements s suffrage movements and movements towards equalitytowards equality

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES PLUS ADDITIONAL RESOURCES PLUS WORKS CITEDWORKS CITED

FULL WORKS CITED::on this public google docs (direct link (direct link https://docs.google.com/documehttps://docs.google.com/document/d/1EgNWuu8pfr9SUDiLEtbZgAnt/d/1EgNWuu8pfr9SUDiLEtbZgAjSj4cU3lYWUFXCPNPvP3U/edit?jSj4cU3lYWUFXCPNPvP3U/edit?pli=1)pli=1)

DOCUMENTARY ON THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN BRITAIN

PRIMARY DOCUMENTS ABOUT COAL MINERS IN THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

PRIMARY DOCUMENTS ABOUT SEAMSTRESSES IN THE 1800’S

PRIMARY DOCUMENTS ABOUT TEXTILE WORKERS IN THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

READ A REPORT OF A FACTORY VISIT IN READ A REPORT OF A FACTORY VISIT IN BRITAINBRITAIN