health sciences 1101 medical terminology
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Health Sciences 1101 Medical Terminology. Module 10 The Musculoskeletal System. Basic Musculoskeletal Terms. Intro Video Orthopedics : The branch of medicine concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, care and treatment of disorders of the musculoskeletal system. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Health Sciences 1101
Medical Terminology
Module 10The Musculoskeletal System
Basic Musculoskeletal TermsIntro Video
Orthopedics: The branch of medicine concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, care and treatment of disorders of the musculoskeletal system.
Orthopedists or orthopedic surgeons: Physicians who specialize in orthopedics.
Osteopathic physician (DO): A physician with much of the same function as a medical doctor (MD) but who takes a more holistic approach that includes proper alignment of bones, muscles, ligaments, and nerves.
Chiropractics: A system of therapy based on the theory that disease is caused by pressure on the nerves. Chiropractic treatment most often involves physical manipulation of the spine.
Musculoskeletal Anatomy TermsTissue Types
Oste/o: bone
Fasci/o: band or fascia
Fibr/o: fiber or fibrous tissue
Leiomy/o: smooth muscle
Muscul/o or my/o: muscle
Myel/o: Bone marrow or spinal cord
Ten/o, tend/o or tendin/o: tendon
Chondr/o: cartilage
Musculoskeletal Anatomy TermsSkeletal System – upper extremities
Phalang/o: phalanges (bones of the fingers or toes)
Metacarp/o: metacarpus (hand bones)
Carp/o: carpus (wrist bones)
Humer/o: humerus
*scapul/o, clavicul/o, radi/o, uln/o etc.
Phalang/o: phalanges (bones of the fingers or toes)
Calcane/o: calcaneum (heel bone)
Fibul/o: fibula (smaller outer bone of the lower leg)
Tibi/o: tibia (larger inner bone of the lower leg)
Patell/o: patella (kneecap)
Femor/o: femur (thigh bone)
Pelv/i or pelv/o: pelvis
Musculoskeletal Anatomy TermsSkeletal System – lower extremities
Muscles and Bones
Muscles attach to other muscles by ligaments
Muscles are attached to bones by tendons.
Contraction of the muscle moves bones at the joint.
In this example, when the arm muscle (E) contracts, the elbow joint (F) flexes, and the hand (L) is lifted.
Cervic/o: neck
Cost/o: ribs
Crani/o: cranium or skull
Spondyl/o or vertebr/o: vertebra (backbone)
Lamin/o: lamina (part of vertebral arch)
Stern/o: sternum (breastbone)
Musculoskeletal Anatomy TermsSkeletal System – axial skeleton
Cervix - “neck”
Thorax - “chest”
Lumbar - “loin”
Sacral - “holy” 5 sacral vertebrae, fused
Coccyx - “tailbone”
Other Important Musculoskeletal Terms
Orth/o: straight
Ankyl/o: stiffness, bent, crooked
Arthr/o: joint
-clasia or -clast: to break
-desis: binding or fixation of a bone or joint
-malacia: softening
-physis: growth
-porosis: porous
Musculoskeletal Pathology Terms
Strain: Trauma to a muscle from overuse or excessive forcible stretch
Sprain: Trauma to a joint that causes injury to the surrounding ligaments
Tendonitis: Inflammation of a tendon usually caused by injury or overuse
Musculoskeletal Pathology Terms
Musculotendinous injury: damage to the muscles and tendons. Rotator cuff tears are a good example. The cause of this is complete abduction of the shoulder, followed by a rapid and forceful rotation and flexion of the shoulder
Crepitation: Grating sound made by movement of bone ends rubbing together
Musculoskeletal Pathology TermsContracture: Fibrosis of
connective tissue in skin, fascia, muscle or joint capsule preventing normal mobility
Torticollis: Spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles causing stiffness and twisting of the neck.
Myasthenia gravis: An autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by muscular weakness and progressive fatigue.
Musculoskeletal Pathology Terms
Osteoporosis: Decrease in bone density and an increase in porosity. Bones become brittle and the risk of fractures increases.
Rheumatoid arthritis: Chronic, systemic disease characterized by inflammatory changes in joints and related structures. Results in crippling deformities.
Gout: Hereditary metabolic disease that is a form of acute arthritis. Characterized by excessive uric acid in the blood and around joints.
Musculoskeletal Pathology Terms
Ewing Sarcoma: Malignant growth found in the shaft of long bones that spreads to the periosteum
Paget Disease of Bone: Skeletal disease of the elderly with chronic inflammation of bones. Results in thickening and softening of bones and bowing of long bones. Also called Osteitis deformans
Musculoskeletal Pathology Terms
Rickets: Softening of the bones due to vitamin D deficiency, most often seen in children. Vitamin D is required for calcium absorption.
Talipes equinovarus: Congenital deformity of the foot. Also called clubfoot.
Muscular Dystrophy: Group of hereditary diseases characterized by gradual atrophy and weakness of muscle tissue. Duchenne type is the most common.
Musculoskeletal Pathology Terms
Kyphosis: Increased curvature of the thoracic section of the vertebral column. Can cause hunchback or humpback.
Lordosis: Forward curvature of the lumbar spine. Sometimes called swayback.
Scoliosis: Lateral curvature of the spine.
Ankylosing spondylitis: Chronic inflammatory disease of unknown origin that first affects the spine and is characterized by fusion and loss of mobility of two or more vertebrae; also called rheumatoid spondylitis
Musculoskeletal Pathology Terms
Ankylosing spondylitis: Chronic inflammatory disease of unknown origin that first affects the spine and is characterized by fusion and loss of mobility of two or more vertebrae; also called rheumatoid spondylitis.
Spondylolisthesis: Partial forward dislocation of one vertebra over the one below it, most commonly the fifth lumbar vertebra over the first sacral vertebra; also called spinal cord compression
Musculoskeletal Pathology TermsHerniated disk: Herniation or
rupture of the nucleus pulposus (center gelatinous material within an intervertebral disk) between two vertebrae.
Carpal tunnel syndrome: Pain or numbness resulting from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel (wrist canal).
Sequestrum: Fragment of necrosed (dead) bone that has become separated from surrounding tissue
Musculoskeletal Pathology Terms
Osteoporosis: Increased osteoclastic activity leading to decreased bone density.
Osteosclerosis: Hardening of the bones (too much osteoblastic activity)
Osteomalacia: Softening of the bones (too much osteoclastic activity)
Subluxation: Partial or complete dislocation
Fractures
Compound/open: A fracture in which the broken end of a bone has been moved, so that it pierces the skin. There may be extensive damage to surrounding blood vessels, nerves, and muscles
Impacted: Type of fracture in which broken ends of bone are forced into one another.
Musculoskeletal Pathology Terms
Musculoskeletal Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis is almost always made through the use of radiography. Don’t forget the radiography terms as well as the directional terms.
Arthrocentesis: Puncture of a joint space with a needle to remove fluid.
Arthroplasty: Surgical reconstruction of a joint.
Total hip replacement: Replacement of the head of the femur and acetabulum with metal components to make a new hip joint