health occupation student orientation module 3: infection prevention
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Health Occupation Student Orientation Module 3: Infection Prevention. Section 1. Standard Precautions. Infection Prevention Chain of Infection. How to Break the Chain of Infection Perform hand hygiene. Surface disinfection Follow transmission based precautions. Practice injection safety. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Health Occupation Student
Orientation Module 3: Infection Prevention
STANDARD PRECAUTIONSSection 1
Infection Prevention
Chain of Infection
How to Break the Chain of Infection1. Perform hand hygiene.
2. Surface disinfection
3. Follow transmission based precautions.
4. Practice injection safety.
5. Practice safe respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette.
When to Clean Your Hands: use hand sanitizer or soap and water -
Each time you enter or exit a threshold in a patient care environment
Before and after patient contact
Before donning and after removing gloves – gloves do not replace hand hygiene
After touching your face or hair
After using the rest room – must use soap and water!
Infection Prevention
Standard Precautions - Hand Hygiene
How To Wash Your Hands
1. Wet hands with warm running water.
2. Apply soap.
3. Rub hands for 20 seconds (If necessary, use a nail brush to clean nails. However, the brush must be kept clean and sanitary.)
4. Rinse hands thoroughly
5. Dry hands with a paper towel
6. Turn off the tap with the paper towel
Infection Prevention
Standard Precautions – Hand Hygiene
How to Apply Hand Sanitizer
Infection Prevention Standard Precautions - Hand Hygiene
Infection Prevention
Standard Precautions – Surface Disinfection
When to Clean Equipment: Wipe down re-useable equipment after each
patient use Clean High touch objects daily such as
bedrails, over bed table, call light/TV remote
What to Use: Germicidal wipe such as CaviWipes. Alert: be
sure to wear gloves with use. Bleach Wipe for patients with clostridium
difficile and Norovirus. Alert: be sure to wear eye protection and gloves with use.
Infection Prevention
Standard Precautions – Surface Disinfection.
Use this Cleaning Product
Wearing this Required PPE
To Clean this Equipment
Contact Time (wet time)
Sani Cloth Gloves Oximeter WOW’sWheelchair Gurney Dynamap IVAC Bed 1
Bleach wipes Gloves
Safety glasses
Alert: Equipment for patients with C. dif or Norovirus
Alert: Alaris pumps, glucometers can only be cleaned with this product
3
Injection Safety Guidelines From CDC Never administer medications from the same syringe to
more than one patient, even if the needle is changed. After a syringe or needle has been used to enter or connect
to a patient’s IV it is contaminated and should not be used on another patient or to enter a medication vial.
Never enter a vial with a used syringe or needle. Do not use medications packaged as single-dose vials for
more than one patient. Assign medications packaged as multi-dose vials to a
single patient whenever possible. Do not use bags or bottles of intravenous solution as a
common source of supply for more than one patient. Follow proper infection control practices during the
preparation and administration of injected medications.
Infection Prevention
Standard Precautions – Injection Safety
Infection Prevention
Hospital Influenza Plan – Your Role
1. Use respiratory etiquette education (Cough and/or sneeze into your sleeve)
2. Practice Hand Hygiene.
3. Get Influenza vaccinations for seasonal flu (October to March)
Vaccinated students must wear colored plastic tag identifier.
Unvaccinated staff:
Sign a Declination form as required by state law and Cal/OSHA
During flu season (October to March), wear a surgical mask if within six feet of a patient .
Infection Prevention
Hospital Influenza Plan – Your Role
Vomiting
Diarrhea related to Gastroenteritis
Sore throat with fever
Fever of 100 or higher and cough
Draining wound and/or open wound infection for staff that provide direct patient care
Stay Home if Sick:
TRANSMISSION-BASED PRECAUTIONS
Section 2
Infection Prevention Transmission Based Precautions
Personal Protective Equipment Health care workers wear PPE in patient’s
room
Patient wears PPE when outside the room
Staff and volunteers are NOT to wear PPE (including gloves) in the hallway unless providing critical care during transport
Tie BOTH neck and waist ties on the gown
PPE is disposed in regular trash unless grossly contaminated with a patient’s body fluids
Wrong!
Infection Prevention Transmission Based Precautions
How to Put On PPE
Alert: Both neck and waist of gown must be tied.
Infection Prevention Transmission Based Precautions
How to Remove PPE
Alert: Do NOT Wear PPE outside the Patient Room
Infection Prevention Transmission Based Precautions
Contact Precautions: (example diseases: MRSA, VRE, Scabies, Lice)
Wear Personal Protective Equipment: gloves, gowns upon entry to patient room; remove before leaving the room: PPE NOT required in arc of the door
Infection Prevention Transmission Based Precautions
Droplet Precautions: (example diseases: Influenza, Bacterial Meningitis)
Wear Personal Protective Equipment: mask upon entry to patient room; remove before leaving the room
N95 or PAPR for high hazard procedures
N95 Mask PAPR
Infection Prevention Transmission Based Precautions
Airborne Precautions: (example diseases: TB, Novel or Unknown Disease)
Wear Personal Protective Equipment:
N95 mask- must be fit tested
PAPR* for high hazard procedures such as Bronchoscopy, suctioning, SVN etc.
* PAPR = Powered Air Purifying Respirator
N95 Mask PAPR
Infection Prevention
Other Measures
No food or drink in patient care areas (includes nurses’ station)
Food and drink items must be covered when carried through hospital hallways
Hand hygiene before entering a patient room every time
Educate patients, family, and visitors about hand hygiene (entering and exiting)
Clean up! – examples: wrappers on floor, spilled beverages in pantry
Students may NOT perform the following standardized procedures: Vaccinations MRSA screening
Students may NOT care for patients in Airborne Isolation
Infection Prevention
Student Restrictions
COMMUNICABLE DISEASESSection 3
Infection Prevention
Communicable Diseases
ESBL – Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase A newly emerging MDRO
(enzymes produced by certain bacteria that provides resistance to certain antibiotics)
Clostridium Difficile Survival (Not a MDRO but “Other Organism of Concern”)
C. diff spores can live and infect up to 5 months on environmental surfaces
special requirements for hand hygiene and environmental cleaning
MRSA Survival (Methacillin Resistant Staph Aureus)
Formica surfaces = 14 days Cotton blanket material = 6-9
weeks S. aureus (MRSA) can remain
virulent and capable of causing an infection for 10 days after exposure to dry surfaces
VRE Survival (Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus)
Bedrails = 24 hours Telephones = 60 minutes Gloved and ungloved hands > 60
minutes
Superbugs” live on surfaces…also known as Multidrug Resistant Organisms (MDROs). Note the survival rates for each.
Infection Prevention
Other Communicable Diseases About Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB)
A contagious bacterial infection that mainly involves the lungs. State of California has a high incidence
Annual testing (TB skin Test) for exposure is required
Student are not allowed to provide care of patients in Airborne Isolation Precautions.
Type of Isolation Precautions: Airborne
N95 respirator {fit tested}
Negative air pressure – contact engineering to turn on alarm, conduct daily pressure testing
Infection Prevention
Other Communicable Diseases About Meningitis:
Meningitis is among the ten most common infectious causes of death
The major causes of community-acquired bacterial meningitis in adults in developed countries are Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis
The classic symptom triad of acute bacterial meningitis consists of fever, nuchal rigidity, change in mental status
Type of Isolation Precautions: Droplet
Wear PPE until 24 hours after initiation of effective treatment
AEROSOL TRANSMISSIBLE DISEASE
Section 3
Students DO NOT Take Care of
Patients with Airborne Infection
Aerosol Transmissible Disease
What is an Aerosol Transmissible Disease? A disease transmitted by aerosols
(gaseous suspension of fine solid/liquid particles) through sneezing or coughing
Aerosol Transmissible Disease
Smallpox Tuberculosis (Suspect/Confirmed) Measles (Rubeola) Novel or Unknown pathogen Any other disease or pathogen for
which the State or local Health Department recommends Airborne Infection Isolation
Airborne spore release (anthrax)
Avian influenza Varicella disease
Chicken pox Shingles Herpes zoster Varicella-zoster (disseminated
disease) Monkeypox Severe Acute Respiratory
Syndrome (SARS)
What Diseases Spread via Airborne Infection Isolation (AII)?
Diphtheria Influenza (seasonal) Meningococcal disease Mumps Mycoplasma pneumonia Pertussis Plague (pneumonic)
Rubella Viral hemorrhagic fevers Any other disease or
pathogen for which the State or local Health Department recommends Droplet Precautions
What Diseases are Spread by Droplets?
Aerosol Transmissible Disease
Aerosol Transmissible Disease
Respiratory Protection
When entering an “Airborne” Isolation room wear a N95 respirator
When assisting with High Hazard Procedures on patients in “Airborne” Isolation diseases, wear a PAPR during procedure and 35 minutes after while in room
When entering a “Droplet” Isolation room wear a Surgical or Isolation Mask
When assisting with High Hazard Procedures on patients in Droplet precautions, wear a N95 respirator and eye protection or PAPR during the procedure (door to remained closed during the procedure)
Students DO NOT Take Care of Patients with Airborne Infection
Aerosol Transmissible Disease
What are Considered High Hazard Procedures: Any clinical, surgical & lab procedure that may
aerosolize pathogens Sputum induction Intubation & bronchoscopy Open circuit suctioning Aerosolized administration of meds Pulmonary function testing Autopsies