health checks when is time to panic? -...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM, DACLAM
Director, Laboratory Animal Research
Attending Veterinarian
![Page 2: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Health Checks
Non-specific clinical signs (important to notice but won’t pinpoint the problem)
Body Condition Score
Hydration
Posture & Gait
Weight Assessment
Appetite
![Page 3: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Health Checks
Specific clinical signs
Head and Neck (EENT/Mouth)
Trunk and Limbs (INTEG, M/S, PLN)
Thorax (Respiratory)
Abdomen (ABD)
External Genitalia and Perineum
![Page 4: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Body Condition Score
The body condition can be evaluated by using a standardized scoring system from 1(emaciated) to 5 (obese) Examples … • BC1 = Requires immediate euthanasia • BC 2 = Requires veterinary consultation • BC 3 = Perfect! • BC 4 = Over feeding? Disease? Wrong diet? • BC 5 = Obese.
![Page 5: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Dehydration
Dehydration is encountered when animal’s body fluids are low.
It is most frequently due to a problems with the water delivery.
When dehydrated the skin on the back of the neck will tent up and stay like that if pulled gently and then released.
![Page 6: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Severe Dehydration?
Hairless Rhino Normal phenotype for this strain
![Page 7: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Posture
Main complaint by staff is that the animal is
ADR (ain’t doing right) - looks sick or
depressed.
Usually, rodents will present with a
hunched posture (head down, feet close
together) when in pain or feeling ill and will
not move.
![Page 8: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Posture - examples
Normal Posture
Hunched
![Page 9: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Body Weight
Acute weight loss:
always check the water bottle first. A rodent that
does not drink will stop eating too.
Check for presence of food
Indication of disease
Chronic weight loss:
Indication of disease or distress
Other causes:
Teeth
Study Protocol related
Age
![Page 10: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Head and Neck
![Page 11: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Harderian Gland Nearly encircles the globe,
occupies the orbit, horseshoe shaped, function as a lubricant.
Holocrine and apocrine function
Secretes porphyrin in excessive amounts (chromodaeryorrhea) when the animal is stressed.
![Page 12: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Porphyrin staining
Rat with M. pulmonis infection.
![Page 13: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Mouse - blepharoconjunctivitis
Barrier mice with Staphylococcal abscesses.
Staphylococcus sp. spreads easily therfore staff must follow strict husbandry procedures.
![Page 14: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Rabbit - Snuffles
Rabbit with Pasteurellosis (Pasteurella multocida)
![Page 15: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Rabbit - Myxomatosis
Endemic in brush rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani) in US, Oryctolagus particularly susceptible often develop fatal disease - numerous mucinous skin lesions
Transmission: Fleas, mosquitoes, & direct contact
![Page 16: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Rabbit (Shope) fibroma virus
Transmissible to Oryctolagus and cottontails
Benign, self-limiting in wildlife population
Tramsmission: Arthropods
![Page 17: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Rabbit Treponematosis
Rabbit Syphillis
Treponema paraluiscuniculi
![Page 18: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Rabbit - Buphthalmia
Occurs most frequently in NZW, inherited as an autosomal recessive trait with incomplete penetrance
Eye enlargement is first evident by 3-5 months of age due to absence or underdevelopment of the outflow channels for aqueous humor from the anterior chamber
![Page 19: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Rat – Corneal lesion
Susceptibility of rats to corneal lesions following anesthesia with Ketamine/Xylazine Combinations
![Page 20: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Mouse – Cataract
Cataracts are a clouding of the lens of the eye, and make the eye appear cloudy and white.
There is no indication of pain, discharge, or sensitivity to light.
Old animals commonly develop cataracts but some strains have a genetic tendency to develop them at a young age.
![Page 21: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Mouse – Microphtalmia
Some strains of mice (especially C57BL) have a genetic tendency to be born with a very small eye globe (microphthalmia) or no eye globe (anophthalmia).
The eyelid slit is still present but remains closed since there is little or no eye globe behind it.
Microphthalmia may be confused with ‘squinting’ due to bright lights
![Page 22: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Ectoparasites - Rabbit
Psoroptes cuniculi (Rabbit Ear Mite)
Nonburrowing mite; psoroptic mange,
ear mange, ear canker, or otoacariasis
Inner surfaces of external ear, pruritic
scratching, head shaking, pain, self
mutilation
Crusty exudate accumulates in ears
over lesions, can become quite
extensive & thick
![Page 23: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Ectoparasites - Hamsters
Mites
Causes: Notoedres sp.
Clinical signs:
Female: affects only the ears
Male: lesions observed on the nose, genitalia, tail and feet
![Page 24: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Dermatophytes
Lesions are seen most often in young g.p.’s or in g.p.’s genetically predisposed, malnourished, or living in unsanitary or stressful conditions.
Transmission: Contact w/ spores from the animal or on fomites
Incubation period : 9-12 days
ZOONOTIC
![Page 25: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Rabbit - Dewlap
Female Male
![Page 26: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Abscesses
Pseudomoniasis (P. aeruginosa) Hosts – mice, rats, rabbits, NHP,
human. Usually not pathogenic unless
immunosuppressed (irradiation, cortisone administration, burn studies)
Ubiquitous organism in environment – commensal of the oropharynx, upper respiratory tract, and GIT. Found in water bottles and automatic watering systems.
Transmission – direct contact, ingestion, fomites, human carriers (esp. ungloved hands)
Retro-orbital abscesses
![Page 27: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Abscesses
Pasteurellosis (P. pneumotropica) – opportunistic pathogen
Infection usually asymptomatic
Associated with suppurative and exudative lesions of the eye, conjunctiva, skin, mammary gland, especially in immunodeficient mice.
Retro-orbital abscesses
![Page 28: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Swelling
Sialodacryoadenitis virus (coronavirus)
Cervical swelling
![Page 29: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Rat - Malocclusion
Incisors grow continuously Can result in overgrowth → malocclusion
![Page 30: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Rabbit – Peg Teeth
![Page 31: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Rabbit - Malocclusion
• Most common inherited disease of domestic rabbits (autosomal recessive trait “mp/mp” with incomplete penetrance)
• Normally, lower incisors occlude with the large upper incisors and the peg teeth
• Grow over 20cm/yr • Problem occurs if the maxilla is short
relative to a mandible of normal length • Overgrowth of the premolar and molar
teeth occurs less frequently
![Page 32: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Dentition Rat - Ameliogenesis imperfecta
• Underdevelopment of enamel-forming ameloblasts • Inherited through autosomal single recessive gene (ami)
![Page 33: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Dentition - Hamsters
Parvovirus Causes disease in suckling and weanling hamsters Marked discoloration, malformation and absence of incisors
![Page 34: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Hamsters – Cheek Pouch
![Page 35: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Hamsters – Cheek Pouch
![Page 36: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Rat – Zymbal’s Gland Tumor
Occurs in holocrine gland at base of external ear
Gross: circumscribed mass, frequently with ulceration of overlying skin
Classified as adenoma or adenocarcinoma
Locally invasive, but not metastatic
![Page 37: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Rat – Head Tilt, Pituitary Tumor
Sprague-Dawley stocks often have an incidence of 50% in aged females.
Most classified as chromophobe adenomas originating in the pars distalis
Well circumscribed, often compress adjacent brain tissue due to size
![Page 38: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Rabbit – Head Tilt
Head tilting can occur due to trauma, neurologic disease, parasites, etc.
![Page 39: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Trunk & Limbs
![Page 40: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Barbering
Barbering occurs when animals chew on each other’s hair. The skin is uninjured.
Often all of the animals will be affected except the ‘barber.’
Cage mate barbering: Usually is seen on the back between the shoulder blades or on the top of the head.
Auto-barbering: Usually seen along the flanks or low on the hind quarters.
![Page 41: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Ectoparasites - GP
Mites
Causes: Trixacarus caviae
![Page 42: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Ectoparasites - Rabbit
Causes: Cheyletiella parasitovorax
Alopecia and scaliness in rabbits
![Page 43: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Hamsters
Chinese Armenian Syrian
European Djungarian
![Page 44: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Hamsters – Flank Glands • Dermal structures covered by coarse
hair over darkly pigmented skin in the costovertebral area in males
• Produce secretions in response to androgen production
• Secretions are used for territorial marking
• Female also has flank glands – not easily identifiable, secretions associated with estrous cycle.
• Resistant to locally applied carcinogens
![Page 45: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Hamsters – Flank Glands
![Page 46: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
What is it?
Brown Fat Multiple locations Known as “Hibernating gland” Resembles an endocrine gland microscopically Involved in “non-shivering thermogenesis”
![Page 47: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Rat – Pododermatitis
Pododermatitis may develop in rats housed in wire-bottom cages or obese rats.
Ulcerative dermatitis, associated with Staph. aureus and self-induced trauma from scratching.
![Page 48: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Rabbit – Pododermatitis
“Sore Hocks”
Typically on the plantar aspect of the metatarsal bones and to a lesser extent, the metacarpal bones
Predisposing factors
Heavy animals, wire-floor housing, foot stomping, thin plantar fur pads
![Page 49: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Rabbit – Pododermatitis
![Page 50: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Rabbit - Traumatic Vertebral
Fracture
Posterior paralysis due to vertebral fracture or dislocation
Most frequent site is L7 or its caudal articular processes
Axial and appendicular skeleton fragile in proportion to muscle mass
May see urinary or fecal incontinence and perineal staining
![Page 51: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Rabbit – Splay Leg
Complete abduction of one or more legs and the inability to assume a normal standing position
Right rear limb is most commonly affected
May be due to an overall imbalance of development of the neural, muscular, and skeletal systems
![Page 52: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Nude Mouse with Ulcerated Tumor
Tumors may be frequently observed
in certain strains of mice. Tumors may appear as lumps under
the skin, multiple swollen lymph nodes, or swelling of the belly if the
cancer is internal. Cancer often can’t be differentiated
from an abscess or cyst unless opened, but tumors tend to grow slower.
Tumor ulceration and Weight loss are appropriate endpoint criteria for animals on this type of studies.
![Page 53: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Scaly Skin Disease – Nude Mouse
Causes:
Corynebacterium bovis
Scaly skin , alopecia, associated with hair growth cycle
Keratoconjunctivitis in aged B6
It is very contagious and hard to get rid of.
The skin is dry with small white or yellowish flakes.
Dry skin may also occur on sick mice that don’t groom themselves
![Page 54: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Thorax
![Page 55: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Ectoparasites - Hamster
Causes:
Demodex criceti (found in epidermal pits) and D. aurati (occupies hair follicle)
D. cricetuli (reported in Armenian hamster) – occupies hair follicle
Clinical signs: Alopecia on the rump and dorsum with dry, scaly skin
![Page 56: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Abdomen
![Page 57: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Mammary Glands
Mice - five pairs of nipples and mammary glands
Rats - six pairs of nipples and mammary glands
The male has no nipples.
GP – both males and
females have a pair of
abdominal mammary
glands
![Page 58: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Rat – Mammary tumors
Most tumors are fibroadenomas
Sprague-Dawley stocks often have an incidence of 50% in aged females
![Page 59: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Mouse – Mammary tumors
Most tumors are induced by MMT virus
Breast tumors in mice appear as moderately growing (not as fast as an abscess) lumps on the belly, shoulder, or flank of female mice.
Some strains are much more likely to develop tumors than others.
![Page 60: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Mouse – Ulcerative Dermatitis
Dermatitis is an inflammation of the skin.
It may simply appear as a red rash, dry flakey skin or an open raw area (ulcerative dermatitis), maybe with a discharge.
![Page 61: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Mouse – Ulcerative Dermatitis
C57BL/6 mice have a genetic tendency to develop severe dermatitis.
![Page 62: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Mouse – Pup
Is this a happy pup?
![Page 63: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
External Genitalia & Perineum
![Page 64: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Hamsters – Wet Tail
Cause: Clostridium difficile, Lawsonia, Beta hemolytic E. coli
Clinical signs: profuse and watery to hemorrhagic diarrhea, high mortality
![Page 65: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Mouse – Rectal Prolapse
A Rectal Prolapse is when tissue is protruding from the rectum of either sex.
Cause: Helicobacter hepaticus-associated typhlocolitis, Citrobacter infection, parasites, constipation etc.
Prolapsed tissue is often red and irritated and may bleed.
![Page 66: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Mouse – EDIM
Cause: Epizootic Diarrhea of Infant Mice (Rotavirus)
Clinical signs occur in infant mice less than 2 weeks old, irrespective of immune status.
Infection in adults is subclinical.
![Page 67: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Rat – Ring Tail
Low humidity of less than 40%, together with high temperature linked to ringtail
![Page 68: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Mice – Fight / Bite Wounds
Males will bite each other around the genitals
Bite wounds usually are the result of fighting between male mice post-weaning.
Some strains are much more aggressive than others
Overcrowding, environmental stresses, mixing new groups of mice together, and exposure to the odor of females all increase fighting.
Wounds are primarily on the tail and back.
![Page 69: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Rat – Tail Tumor
Tail keratoacanthoma
![Page 70: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Other Observations
![Page 71: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Why has the coat color in my mice
changed over time?
Genetic drift. Your mouse genes have recombined. Therefore, a different coat color means you are working with a different mouse. A different mouse means your current data may not be comparable to your previous data.
![Page 72: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Runting
A runt is visibly smaller and weaker than its littermates.
This is not uncommon with large litters where not all pups get enough milk.
If the whole litter is runted it usually is an indication of a problem with the mother or a disease.
![Page 73: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Hairless (euthymic) - defective hair shaft and decreased #’s- different from hairless rat which develops hair and then loses it.
![Page 74: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
What is wrong with this mouse?
![Page 75: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Need for a break???
![Page 76: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Condition of the animal - CRITICAL
Moribund (dying)
Severely distressed
Very sick
Barely able to move
Badly injured
Severe rectal prolapse
![Page 77: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Condition of the animal - CRITICAL
Immediately
Call PI or contact person in the PI's lab for verbal permission to euthanize.
If you cannot reach PI immediately, call Attending Veterinarian for authorization to euthanize.
Euthanize as soon as you get permission.
No Health Action Form required as animal will be immediately euthanized.
![Page 78: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Condition of the animal - SEVERE
Severe skin condition
Large area of red, raw skin
Severe bite wounds
![Page 79: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Condition of the animal - SEVERE
Immediately
Call PI or contact person in the PI's lab for verbal permission to euthanize.
If you cannot reach PI immediately, call Attending Veterinarian for authorization to euthanize.
Euthanize as soon as you get permission.
No Health Action Form required as animal will be immediately euthanized.
If animal valuable – treatment can be attempted
![Page 80: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Condition of the animal - Moderate
Diarrhea
Abnormal, irregular, rough breathing
Abnormal movement
![Page 81: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Condition of the animal - Moderate
Immediately
Call Attending Veterinarian or fill Health Action Form.
Usually, no effective treatments available.
Euthanasia recommended in many situations.
If animal valuable – treatment can be attempted.
![Page 82: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Condition of the animal – Multiple Dead or Dying
More than 1 dead and/or dying animal in the same cage or study
Research-related
Husbandry-related
Cause unknown
![Page 83: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Condition of the animal – Multiple Dead or Dying
Call Attending Veterinarian and the PI or contact person in the PI's lab.
Fill an Health Action Form
![Page 84: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Condition of the animal – Other Ailments (Not Treatable)
Tumor is infected, bleeding, abscessed or ulcerated
Tumor is necrotic (dark, dead tissue) and open
Face/muzzle swelling, abscess or lump
Weight loss greater than 20%
![Page 85: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Condition of the animal – Other Ailments (Not Treatable)
Call PI or contact person in the PI's lab to notify them that euthanasia is required.
If you cannot reach PI within 1 hour, or you do not get permission to euthanize call Attending Veterinarian immediately.
Euthanize as soon as you get permission.
No Health Action Form needed. Euthanasia required.
![Page 86: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
Condition of the animal – Other Ailments (Treatable)
Hunched, but actively moving
Eye lesion or injury
Squinting or closed eye
Medium-size areas of red, raw skin
Moderately irritated skin or ears
Weight loss (less than 20%)
Moderate bite wounds on body or tail
Mild rectal prolapse
![Page 87: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Condition of the animal – Other Ailments (Treatable)
Call PI or contact person in the PI's lab for verbal permission to euthanize or treat.
If you cannot reach PI within 4 hours, or you do not get permission to euthanize or treat, call the Attending Veterinarian immediately.
Euthanize or begin treatment as per Attending Veterinarian’s instructions.
Fill Health Action Form
![Page 88: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
Treatment Options
Provide Wet food: if approved by PI. Examples of animals that may need extra
support include: Weanlings Mice with tumors Post-surgical animals Ascites animals Animals receiving therapeutic agents/drugs Neurologically impaired animals Animals with phenotypes that may hinder their
ability to feed
![Page 89: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
Treatment Options
Skin Lesions
Apply non-antibiotic topical medications twice daily (weekends and holidays included, if possible) for a minimum of 7-10 days, until healing is complete (ie. Aveeno Anti-Itch or Aveeno Diaper Rash, Chlorhexiderm).
The skin must appear normal to discontinue treatment.
If not improving contact AV
![Page 90: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
Treatment Options
Facial lesions - should be treated with an ophthalmic antibiotic formula. For muzzle lesions, remove the feeder and provide feed on the cage floor. Prominent swelling of the muzzle is indicative of an abscess, or pocket of infection.
Euthanasia is recommended for rodents with abscesses on their muzzles or other places on their bodies.
If not improving contact AV
![Page 91: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
Treatment Options
Bite Wounds in rodents with normal immune systems -use Chlorhexiderm to cleanse the wounds and aid in healing.
Severe bite wounds, severe traumatic injuries, and all wounds in rodents without normal immune systems, like nudes and SCIDs, should be treated with an antibiotic topical ointment. To aid in healing, cleanse severe wounds with Chlorhexiderm before applying antibiotic ointment.
If not improving contact AV
![Page 92: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
Treatment Options Eye lesions in rodents may include those
resulting from traumatic eye bleeds, (mice only), self-trauma, (rodent scratching skin lesion near eye), or any of a number of allergic conditions. Allergies affecting the eyes appear as redness and tearing of both eyes. Eye conditions are painful and likely to lead to secondary infection. If left untreated, the eye can be lost.
Treatment ophthalmic antibiotic ointment applied b.i.d to t.i.d until the eye(s) appears normal.
![Page 93: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
Treatment Options Severe Tail Bite Wounds
Separate the bully from the victim(s) so the biting does not continue.
Treatment:
Betadine solution or Chlorhexiderm flush
Triple Antibiotic Ointment with Pain Reliever
Treatment is b.i.d for 7-10 days (or until completely healed).
![Page 94: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
Treatment Options Necrotic Tails
Blackened tissue is dead tissue and needs to be surgically removed as soon as possible.
Call AV to perform procedure.
![Page 95: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
Treatment Options Rectal Prolapse
Mild: ≤1mm of moist, inflamed tissue protruding from the anus
Moderate: ≤3mm of moist, inflamed tissue protruding from the anus, no active bleeding. Mouse is otherwise healthy and normal
Severe: ≥3mm moist, inflamed tissue protruding from the anus, active bleeding, dried blood, dry tissue
![Page 96: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
Treatment Options Treatment for Mild to Moderate Prolapse:
Give "Wet Food"
Treatment: Hemorrhoid Cream with Pramoxine
PI should consider endpoint
If the animal is a nursing female, allow her to finish with the litter. Do not rebreed
![Page 97: Health Checks When is time to panic? - Researchresearch.fiu.edu/documents/facilities/acf/documents/health-checks.pdf · Health Checks When is time to panic? Horatiu V. Vinerean DVM,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042104/5e81bf7168b6b225b40ae3c4/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
The End