Introduction to Health Care

Prof. BRENDA B. LANSANGLECTURER

FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY Institute of Arts and Sciences

Learning Objectives:

At the end of this lesson you will be able to:

1. Define health and wellness;2. Describe health care;3. Discuss public health and its

components;4. Trace the history of public health in the

Philippines; and5. Appreciate the importance of public

health and its application to health care system.

KEY CONCEPTS

• Health• Wellness• Public Health• Prevention • Promotion• Health status• Community Health• Community Illness

What is Health Care?

• Health care (or healthcare) is the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease, illness, injury, and other physical and mental impairments in humans.

• Health care is delivered by practitioners in medicine, dentistry, medical technologists, nursing, pharmacy, allied health, and other care providers. It refers to the work done in providing primary care, secondary care and tertiary care, as well as in public health.

Definitions and Quotes on Health

Time and health are two precious assets that we don't recognize and appreciate

until they have been depleted. Denis Waitley

Definitions and Quotes on Health

Health care is not a privilege. It's a right. It's a right as fundamental as civil rights. It's a right as fundamental as giving every child a chance to get a public education. Rod Blagojevich

Our children's health and well-being are dependent on our commitment to promoting food access and good eating habits at home, at school and in the community. Rod Blagojevich

There's a need for accepting responsibility - for a person's life and making choices that are not just ones for immediate short-term comfort. You need to make an investment, and the investment is in health and education. Buzz Aldrin

Definitions and Quotes on Health

• Health is a dynamic condition resulting from a body's constant adjustment and adaptation in response to stresses and changes in the environment for maintaining an inner equilibrium called homeostasis.

Definitions and Quotes on Health

• Wellness is first and foremost a choice to assume responsibility for the quality of your life. It begins with a conscious decision to shape a healthy lifestyle.  

Don Ardell, Ph.D.,

Definitions and Quotes on Health

• World Health Organization (WHO), in 1948, health is defined as being "a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity“.

Factors Affecting Health

FACTOR HEALTH IMPACT

BehavioralObesity Heart disease, diabetes, certain cancersSmoking Lung cancer, emphysema, heart disease, low birth-weight infantsHigh-cholesterol diet Arteriosclerosis, heart disease

Moderate to heavy Cirrhosis, mouth cancers, alcohol use complications of pregnancy,

low birth-weight infants

Regular exercise Reduced risk of heart disease

Factors Affecting Health

Mental/emotionalDepression CancerProlonged grief/bereavement Early death from a variety of causesEmotional well-being Increased resistance to infection

SocialLack of close ties

Mental illness, respiratory disease complications of pregnancy death from numerous causes

Factors Affecting Health

Spiritual

Concept of sin Stress of excessive guilt

Worship, prayer Decreased blood pressure, increase mental stress

Environmental

Air pollution Emphysema, bronchitis,

Living near toxic waste dumps Spontaneous abortion

Pesticide exposure Birth defects

Factors Affecting Health

Economic/PoliticalImpoverished living conditions

- Nutritional disorders, heart disease, diabetes, depression and marital instability

Arrest, torture, execution for political reasons

- Possible deathPolitical interference with relief programs

- Communicable diseases, malnutrition, possible death

Oppression, racism- High blood pressure, heart

disease among ethnic minorities

Determinants of Health

1. Heredity- the genetic make up is unique and cannot be altered after conception. A number of diseases like chromosomal abnormalities, errors of metabolism, mental retardation, some types of diabetes are of genetic origin.

2. Environmental- the “internal” environment of man pertains to every tissue, organ, organ-system, parts and their harmonious functioning. The “external” environment pertains to all that is external to the human host.

3.  Life style-the way people live. It composed of cultural and behavioral patterns and life long personal habits (smoking, alcoholism etc) that have developed through the processes of socialization. 

  

Determinants of health

4  Socio-economic conditions – the health status is determined primarily by socioeconomic development. Important socioeconomic factors are; a) Economic status: the economic progress is the major factor in reducing morbidity, increasing life expectancy & improving quality of life. b) Educational status: second major factor influencing health is education. Literacy coincides with poverty, malnutrition, ill health, high infant and child mortality rates.   c) Occupation: unemployed people usually show higher incidence of ill health and death. It can cause psychological and social damage.  

5. Health Services – it helps in the treatment of disease, prevention of illness and promotion of health.

Indicator of Heath

• A Health indicator is a characteristic of an individual, population, or environment which is subject to measurement (directly or indirectly) and can be used to describe one or more aspects of the health of an individual or population (quality, quantity and time).

Indicators of Health

• Health indicators can be used to define public health problems at a particular point in time, to indicate change over time in the level of the health of a population or individual, to define differences in the health of populations, and to assess the extent to which the objectives of a program are being reached.

Indicators of Health

    Indicators of health are used to measure the health status of a community and also to compare the health status of one country to another.

1. mortality indicator                         7. social and mental health

2. morbidity indicator                       8. environmental indicators3. disability rates                                9. socio-economic

indicators4. nutritional status indicator       10. health policy indicators5. health care delivery indicator   11. indicators of quality of life6. utilization rates                            

What is Public Health?

• Public Health is the science and art of promoting and improving the health of communities through education and promotion of healthy life styles and research for diseases and injury prevention.

Functions of Public Health

• Health situation monitoring and analysis

• Epidemiological surveillance/disease prevention and control

• Development of policies and planning in public health

• Health promotion, social participation and empowerment

• Research, development and implementation of innovative public health solutions.

Subfields of Public Health

• Community Health• Environmental Health• Behavioral Health• Occupational Health

History of Community Health in the Philippines

• Pre-Colonial Period• Spanish Occupation• US Occupation• The Creation of Bureau of Health• The Creation of the Department of

Health

History of Public Health

Jonas Salk administering vaccination against polio in 1955.

History of Public Health

Public health is a modern concept of human development in science.

Early Public Health Intervention

Public health made available through child welfare services.

Modern Public Health

Emergency Response Team

Public Health Programs

• Today, most governments recognize the importance of public health programs in reducing the incidence disease, disability, and the effects of aging and other physical and mental health conditions, although public health generally receives significantly less government funding compared with medicine.

• In recent years, public health programs providing vaccinations have made incredible strides in promoting health, including the eradication of smallpox, a disease that plagued humanity for thousands of years.

Applications to Health Care

• Seeking to improve population health through the implementation of specific population-level interventions, public health contributes to medical care by identifying and assessing population needs for health care service.

• Assessing current services and evaluating whether they are meeting the objectives of the health care system

• Considering the effect on resources for proposed interventions and assessing their cost-effectiveness

• Supporting decision making in health care and planning health services including any necessary changes.

• Informing, educating, and empowering people about health issues

TRIVIA QUESTIONS

• Q: What's the most frequently diagnosed cancer in men?A:  Prostate cancer.

• Q: What does "CPR" stand for in medical emergencies?A: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

• Q: What, along with heart disease and cancer, accounts for 64 percent of U.S. deaths?A:  Stroke.

• Q: What virus did the World Health Organization say would infect 40 million people by the year 2000?A: HIV.

TRIVIA QUESTIONS

• Q: What do cosmetic surgeons remove 200,00 pounds of from Americans per year?A: Fat.

• Q: What do doctors look at through an ophthalmoscope?A:  The eye.

• Q: What disease accounts for two of every three cases of dementia?A: Alzheimer's. 

• Q: What S-word is defined as "a lateral curvature of the spine"?A: Scoliosis.

TRIVIA QUESTIONS

• Q:  What substance produced by the body is counteracted by antihistamine drugs?A: Histamine.

• Q: What do leukemia sufferers have too many of?A: White blood cells, or leukocytes. 

• Q:  What's most likely to occur when your diaphragm goes into spasms?A:  Hiccups.

• Q:  What's the itchy skin condition tinea pedis better known as?A: Athlete's foot. 

TRIVIA QUESTIONS

• Q: How many times a day must you take medication if your prescription reads "q.i.d."?A:  Four.

• Q: What part of the eye may be obscured by cataracts?A: The lens.

• Q: What arthritic disorder occurs due t increased uric acid the the blood?A: Gout.

• Q: What hereditary blood defect is known as "the royal disease"?A: Hemophilia.

TRIVIA QUESTIONS

• Q: What brain operation was tried first on a confused 63-year-old female at George Washington Hospital in 1956?A:   A lobotomy.

• Q: What does the "myo" mean in myocardial?A: Muscle. 

• Q:  What was bovine spongiform encephalopathy called by the British press in 1996?A:  Mad cow disease.

• Q:  What's the medical term for low blood sugar?A:  Hypoglycemia.

• Q: What's the tranquilizer diazepam better known as?A: Valium.

TRIVIA QUESTIONS

• Q: What's the common term for a cerebrovascular accident?A:  Stroke.

• Q: What do itchy people call the "rhus radicans" they were sorry they came into contact with?A:  Poison Ivy.

• Q:  What was Friedrich Serturner the first to extract from opium and use as a pain reliever?A:  Morphine.

• Q:  What was the most widely prescribe antideppressant in the U.S. in the 1990s?A:  Prozac.

• Q: What syndrome does SIDS mean to child care experts?A: Sudden infant death syndrome.

• Q: What disease is the focus of oncology?A:  Cancer.

END OF THE SLIDE SHOW

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