Wellness Wellness presentationpresentation

Outline of presentationOutline of presentation • Definition of wellness

• Continuum of wellness

• Physical dimension

• Risks involved

Health and WellnessHealth

• Being sound in body, mind, and spirit.

• Not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, but a state of complete physical, mental, and social well well-being.

Wellness

• Purposeful, enjoyable living.

• A deliberate lifestyle choice characterized by personal responsibility and optimal enhancement of physical, mental, and spiritual health.

Wellness continuum Wellness continuum

Life expectancy at birth 52 M 55 FLife expectancy at birth 52 M 55 F

Dimensions of wellness Dimensions of wellness • Physical dimension: Good physical fitness and

confidence in one’s personal ability to take care of health problems.

• Emotional: refers to both our emotional and mental states – that is, to our feelings and our thoughts.

• Spiritual: Refers to individuals identify their own basic purpose in life; learn how to experience love, joy, peace, and fulfillment; and help themselves and others achieve their full potential.

• Occupational: Deriving personal satisfaction from your vocation, that provides creativity and challenge.

• Social: The ability to interact effectively with other people and the social environment, to develop satisfying interpersonal relationships, and to fulfill social roles.

• Intellectual: Your ability to think and learn from life experience, your openness to ideas, and your capacity to question and evaluate information.

• Environmental: The impact your world has on your well well-being.

Changes in health Changes in health (epidemiologic transition) (epidemiologic transition)

• Earlier, leading causes of death were primarily infectious diseases – A result of disease causing organisms (pathogens) - viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, parasitic worms.

• Today leading causes of death are chronic diseases – Develops over many years and are heavily influenced by lifestyle

• The developing countries are currently going through a rapid epidemiologic transition

Leading causes of mortality Leading causes of mortality Kenya • HIV/AIDS• Lower respiratory

infections • Diarrhoeal diseases• Tuberculosis • Malaria • Cerebrovascular

disease• Heart disease • Prenatal conditions• Road traffic accidents• Chronic obstructive

pulmonary disease

USA• Heart Disease• Stroke• Cancer• Chronic Lung Disease• Accidents/ injuries • Pneumonia/Influenza• Diabetes• HIV• Chronic Liver Disease

10 Major Public Health Issues

• 1. Lack of Physical activity• 2. Overweight and obesity• 3. Tobacco use• 4. Substance abuse• 5. Irresponsible sexual

behavior• 6. Mental health• 7. Injury and violence• 8. Environmental quality• 9. Immunization• 10.Access to health care

What Is BMI?What Is BMI?What Is BMI?What Is BMI?

• Body mass index (BMI) = weight (kg)/height (m)2

• BMI is an effective screening tool; it is not a diagnostic tool

• For children, BMI is age and gender specific, so BMI-for-age is the measure used

• Body mass index (BMI) = weight (kg)/height (m)2

• BMI is an effective screening tool; it is not a diagnostic tool

• For children, BMI is age and gender specific, so BMI-for-age is the measure used

BMI: Normal, Overweight, BMI: Normal, Overweight, ObesityObesity

Underweight < 18.5%

Normal 18.5 – 25%

Overweight 25 – 30%

Obesity >30%

Other measure Other measure • Abdominal

circumference: – measures the

deposition fat in the abdomen

– High correlation with fat deposition else where

• Waist hip ratio: – Measure for

cardiovascular/ cerebrovascular risk

Overweight and Obesity Are Known Overweight and Obesity Are Known Risk Factors For Major DiseasesRisk Factors For Major Diseases

DiabetesHypertension Heart and vascular diseaseStrokeHypertension (high blood pressure)Gallbladder diseaseDegeneration of joints causing morbidity problems

Some cancers (uterine, breast, kidney, gallbladder)

Other risks Other risks • Increased surgical risk, and poor

wound healing• Increased rates of depression,

suicide• Increased cholesterol