headstream whitepaper 2012 - gaming

7/30/2019 Headstream Whitepaper 2012 - Gaming

1/29


2/29

FHN{aN{V

Auafq{cta Vqgglrs

@lgcn` vaf{hr olfm`rhqnk

An{ar{lcngan{ $ `lgcn` vaf{hr

Vhfclb Orlnk


3/29

< AuAfq{ctA Vqgglrs

[ecv pec{a ylyar elv oaan fral{ak os Ealkv{ralg {h lvvcv{ `lgcn` vaf{hr

glrma{arv lv {eas ybln {eacr v{rl{a`cav lnk oqk`a{v dhr ?9


4/29

[ea fqv{hgar jhqrnas elv ghtak hn drhg {ea {rlkc{chnlb" bcnalr dqnnab

ghkab" {h l ghra fhgybau fqv{hgar kafcvchn jhqrnas peara fhnvqgarv

lra cnqanfak os gqb{cyba {hqfe yhcn{v. Kc`c{lb" lnk ylr{cfqblrbs vhfclb gakcl"

elv krctan {ecv feln`a

@lgav yqobcvearv lra gar`cn` kc`c{lb lnk yesvcflb vylfav ghra dra|qan{bs

{h lfecata tcvcocbc{s lghn`v{ yh{an{clb fqv{hgarv

Ln Lbplsv hn lyyrhlfe {h {ea glrma{cn` hd `lgcn` drlnfecvav fln rakqfa

{ea lghqn{ hd oqk`a{ kakcfl{ak {h ylck gakcl lnk `rloocn` l{{an{chn yrchr

{h l blqnfe

A u A f q { c t A V q g g l r s

P P P . e a L K V { _ a L G . F H G

y L @ a ;


5/29

? @lgcN@ VAf{hr olfm@rhqNk

[ea bcv{ hd cnkqv{rcav kcvrqy{ak os {ea Cn{arna{ lnk {ea ralks lffavv c{ `ctav

{h fhn{an{ cv l bhn` hna" {ecnm gqvcf lnk napvylyarv dhr l v{lr{. Dhr {ea

`lgcn` vaf{hr {ecv kcvrqy{chn elv fhga bl{ar lv `lgcn` hn vglr{yehnav lnk

{loba{v lnk pc{ecn vhfclb na{phrmv %a.`. Dlfaohhm lnk Dlrgtcbba# elta fral{ak

gljhr vecd{v cn {ea cnkqv{rs. [ecv vecd{ cn fhnvqgar oaeltchqr krctan os katcfa

katabhygan{ lnk {ea vhfclb lvyaf{ hd `lgcn` cv {ea gljhr felbban`a dlfcn`

{ea `lgav yqobcvearv lnk fhnvhba glnqdlf{qrarv {el{ elta {rlkc{chnlbbs

fhn{rhbbak {ea hp hd cntan{hrs" lnk rabalva fsfbav.

[ea cnkqv{rs raglcnv cn `rhp{e ghka pc{e {afenhbh`s fhnvqb{lnfs @lr{nar

yrakcf{cn` `bholb vlbav {h cnfralva {h +


6/29

[ea yhvc{chncn` hd Gcfrhvhd{v Uohu 649 katcfa cbbqv{rl{av {ecv vecd{. C{ cv nhp

oacn` qvak ghra dhr pl{fecn` ghtcav" [T vehpv lnk bcv{ancn` {h gqvcf {eln

lf{qlbbs yblscn` tckah `lgav. [ea fhnvhba gls oa vaan lv l {rhjln ehrva"

qvcn` tckah `lgav lv l pls {h oafhga {ea kc`c{lb an{ar{lcngan{ eqo cn l

dlgcbsv bctcn` rhhg.

Gcfrhvhd{v vqrdlfa {loba{" pecfe cv fhgyl{coba pc{e Uohu" dqr{ear qnkarycnv

Uohuv yhvc{chncn` lv ln an{ar{lcngan{ katcfa lbbhpcn` dhr kqlb vfraan lf{ctc{s

lnk {ea hyyhr{qnc{s {h lf{ lv l yhr{loba katcfa.

[ea rcva cn vglr{yehna lnk {loba{ lkhy{chn elv elk {ea oc`àv{ aaf{ hn {ea

elrkplra glrma{. Glns hd {ea Lnkrhck yhparak katcfav elta dhfqvak hn

`lgcn`" lnk lv l ravqb{ lra kcraf{bs fhgya{cn` pc{e Vhnsv elnkeabk Tc{l lnk

{ea Ncn{ankh 6KV. Pc{e vfraanak katcfav vqfe lv vglr{yehnav" fhnvqgarv

elta {ea hy{chn {h nh{ hnbs ybls `lgav hn l vcn`ba katcfa oq{ qva {ea katcfa

dhr h{ear lyybcfl{chnv lnk dqnf{chnlbc{s.

[ecv rlyckbs feln`cn` yrhkqf{ blnkvflya krctan os {ea kaglnk drhg fhnvqgarv

{h lffavv `lgcn` hn {eacr {argv hn {ea katcfa hd {eacr fehcfa cv l kcvrqy{chn

{el{ nh `lgav yqobcvear hr elrkplra glnqdlf{qrar fln c`nhra cn hrkar {h

raglcn fhgya{c{cta.

Oq{ kcvrqy{chn orcn`v hyyhr{qnc{s lv pabb lv {eral{" lnk {eara lra aufc{cn` nap

oqvcnavv ghkabv {el{ lra qnbalveak os {eava felnàv. Yesvcflb vhd{plra vlbav%hr fhgyba{a ylck dhr khpnbhlk# lra `ctcn` pls {h draagcqg ghkabv peara

draa tarvchnv hd `lgav lra ghna{cvak {erhqè lktar{cvcn`" hr tcl cn'`lga

gcfrh ylsgan{v lv yblsarv yqrfelva tlbqa lkkak vartcfav hr tcr{qlb `hhkv.

[eava katabhygan{v fral{a nap ratanqa ghkabv dhr {ea cnkqv{rs lnk lbvh

auylnk {ea yh{an{clb glrma{ hyyhr{qnc{s cn{h nap yesvcflb lnk kagh`rlyecf

glrma{v. [ea cnkqv{rs yblsarv {el{ fln lkly{ ghv{ vqffavvdqbbs {h {ecv

feln`cn` glrma{yblfa pcbb oa l{ {ea {hy hd {ea `lgav cnkqv{rs balkar ohlrk

cn {ea salrv lealk.

@ L G C N @ V a F { H _ O L F m @ _ H Q N K


y L @ a 4


7/29

6 AN{Ar{lcNgAN{ $ @lgcN@ VAf{hr

VHFCLB O_LNKV


8/29

dLFaOHHm

Vhgapel{ vqryrcvcn`bs An{ar{lcngan{ plv hna hd {ea bhpav{ vfhrcn` vaf{hrvhn Dlfaohhm. Kc``cn` cn {h {ea ralvhnv dhr {ecv oabhp ltarlà htarlbb

yardhrglnfa l v{lrm fhn{rlv{ fln oa vaan oa{paan ga{rcfv {el{ galvqra

an`làgan{ pc{e fhn{an{" fhgylrak {h {ehva galvqrcn` fhntarvl{chn

pc{e dlnv. [ea An{ar{lcngan{ orlnkv vfhrak oa{{ar {eln lns h{ear vaf{hr

dhr Orlnk Yhv{ An`làgan{" l galvqra hd ehp gqfe cn{arlf{chn {eara

cv drhg {ea fhggqnc{s pean {ea orlnk yhv{v fhn{an{. [ecv cnkcfl{av {el{

An{ar{lcngan{ orlnk fhn{an{ cv yrhtckcn` ecè tlbqa {h {ea Dlfaohhm

fhggqnc{s. [ea ecè batab hd dln an`làgan{ cv lbvh raaf{ak cn l {hy'

rlnmcn` vfhra dhr {ea ecè nqgoar hd dln yhv{v hn {ea orlnkv Dlfaohhm

ylàv fhgylrak {h {ea orlnkv hpn yhv{v. [ecv cnkcfl{av l ylvvchnl{a lnk

an`làk fhggqnc{s.

Ehpatar" pean c{ fhgav {h ehp `hhk {eava orlnkv lra l{ {ean fhntarvcn`

pc{e {eava an`làk dlnv c{v l tars kcaran{ ycf{qra. Dhr {ecv pa galvqra

Dln yhv{v cn{arlf{ak pc{e os orlnk" lnk hn {ecv galvqra an{ar{lcngan{

orlnkv yq{ cn {ea phrv{ yardhrglnfa hd lns vaf{hr.

Vh" pecba an{ar{lcngan{ orlnkv lra fral{cn` cn{arlf{chn {erhqè ecè tlbqa

fhn{an{ olvak hn {eacr v{rhn` drlnfecvav" {ea rabqf{lnfa {h an`là cn

ànqcna kclbh`qa elv eabk {ea htarlbb Dlfaohhm yardhrglnfa olfm.

{PC{{a_

Pecba An{ar{lcngan{ orlnkv gls nh{ oa fhntarvcn` fhnvcv{an{bs pc{e dlnv

hn Dlfaohhm" hn [pc{{ar {ea vaf{hr yardhrgv oa{{ar {eln lns h{ear dhr {ea

nqgoar hd {cgav c{ {paa{v olfm {h dhbbhparv. Uohu lnk PPA balk {ea pls

hn {ecv" oh{e lyyalrcn` cn {ea VO


9/29

sHQ{QOa

An{ar{lcngan{ orlnkv elta {lman lktln{l`a hd {eacr hd{an vfraan olvak

yrhkqf{v lnk fhn{an{ {h vfhra pabb hn Shq[qoa" fhgcn` cn dhqr{e hd lbb

vaf{hrv pc{e hnbs {ea Lq{hgh{cta" [afenhbh`s lnk Glnqdlf{qrak @hhkv

vfhrcn` oa{{ar. [ea Abban Ka@anarav vehp dal{qrak lv {ea {ecrk oav{

yardhrgcn` orlnk hn Shq[qoa lfrhvv {ea an{cra VO


10/29

VQGGL_s

[ea An{ar{lcngan{ vaf{hr plv {ea oav{ yardhrgcn` hd lbb hqr VO


11/29

mas |QaV{CHNV

Lra shq fbalr ehp vhfclb gakcl {v cn{h shqr fqv{hgarv hnbcna

rayar{hcra lnk oaeltchqr8

Pel{ yrhyhr{chn hd shqr fhn{an{ cv tckah hr yeh{h`rlyes olvak8

Kh shq elta ghnc{hrcn` cn yblfa {h lvvavv pel{ fhn{an{ rafactav {ea

ec`eav{ batab hd cn{arlf{chn8

Pel{ cv shqr {rlfm rafhrk hn ravyhnkcn` {h dln yhv{v hn Dlfaohhm8

Lra shq loba {h oanfeglrm vhfclb yardhrglnfa ra`qblrbs lnk qva {ecv

mnhpbak`a {h hy{cgcva lf{ctc{s8

eHP eaLKV{_aLG FLN eaBy

Yrhtckcn` ra`qblr vhfclb gakcl yardhrglnfa oanfeglrmcn` qvcn` {ea

Vhfclb Orlnkv


12/29

; @lgcN@ VAf{hr fqrrAN{ felbbAN@AV lNk flVA V{qkcAV

[h yq{ {ea fqrran{ felbbanàv dhr `lgcn` orlnkv cn fhn{au{ pa elta

aulgcnak {ph lralv:

{ea felnàv cn {ea pls {el{ fhnvqgarv glma oqscn` kafcvchnv" fral{ak

os {ea cnqanfa hd {ea vhfclb pao" lnk"

{ea {rankv lnk flva v{qkcav kaghnv{rl{cn` fqrran{ oav{ yrlf{cfa"

lnk ln aaf{cta ravyhnva {h {eava felnàv.

eHP @LGCN@ O_LNKV L_a atHBtCN@ {H QVa VHFCLB GaKCLPC{eCN {ea FHNVQGa_ KaFCVCHN jHQ_Nas

Cn fblvvcf glrma{cn`" {ea fqv{hgar lf|qcvc{chn yrhfavv cv {ehqè{ hd lv lyqrfelva dqnnab. Fhbk yrhvyaf{v lra kqgyak l{ {ea {hy hd {ea dqnnab

{erhqè lplranavv flgylc`nv lnk v|qaazak khpn tcl |qlbcdscn` lf{chnv

a.`. yrhkqf{ orhfeqrav" vlbav flbbv" yrhkqf{ kaghnv{rl{chnv" lnk aglcbv.

[ehva yrhvyaf{v {el{ para eh{ dhr shqr yrhkqf{ pan{ hn {h yqrfelva"

oafhgcn` l fqv{hgar lnk {ean lkkak {h {ea F_G kl{lolva. Cd {ea yrhfavv

plv vqffavvdqb" glrma{arv yblfak c{ hn l rcnva lnk rayal{ fsfba. C{ plv

rabl{ctabs v{rlcè{dhrplrk.

Qndhr{qnl{abs {ea yqrfelva dqnnab nh bhnàr lyybcav. Cn {hklsv phrbk" gakcl

drl`gan{l{chn lnk {ea yrhbcdarl{chn hd kc`c{lb elv ravqb{ak cn ln cnfralva cn {ea

nqgoar hd orlnkv qnkar fhnvckarl{chn dhr fhnvqgarv. Lv l ravqb{" {ea an{crayqrfelvcn` fsfba elv vecd{ak. [h ravyhnk {h {ecv vecd{" {ea dqnnab elv oaan

rayblfak os pel{ GfMcnvas elv {argak {ea fhnvqgar kafcvchn jhqrnas.

@ l g c N @ V A f { h r f q r r A N { f e l b b A N @ A V l N k f l V A V { q k c A V


y L @ a < ?

Cn hklv phrbk"gkcl rl`gnlchnlnk rhbcrlchnh kc`clb lv rvqbkcn ln cnfrlv cn nqgor h orlnkv qnkrfhnvckrlchnhr fhnvqgrv.

Vhqrfa: Fhnvqgar Kafcvchn Jhqrnas. GfMcnvas Vhbq{chn ?9


13/29

[ea fhnvqgar kafcvchn jhqrnas lv cbbqv{rl{ak hn ylà UU ]Nqgoar {h oa

lkkakW cv blràbs cnqanfak os kc`c{lb ghra vyafcflbbs {ea vhfclb pao

qnkarycnnak os vhfclb gakcl. Vhfclb gakcl elv dqnklgan{lbbs laf{ak {ea

`lgcn` yqrfelvcn` blnkvflya lnk oqscn` oaeltchqr lv fhnvqgarv bhhm

{hplrk ratcapv lnk rafhggankl{chnv rl{ear {eln l orlnkv hpn gavvlàv.

Cn ravyhnva {h {eava felnàv" vqffavvdqb `lgcn` orlnkv elta ra'lbc`nak

{eacr glrma{cn` {h lkly{ {h {ea nap fhnvqgar kafcvchn jhqrnas. Orlnkv lra

dra|qan{bs qvcn` vhfclb gakcl {h fral{a ghra {lrà{ak lnk fhn{au{qlbcvak

auyarcanfav pean fhnvqgarv lra ravalrfecn` `lgcn` yrhkqf{v lnk vartcfav"

nh{ hnbs {h raglcn fhgya{c{cta cn {ea glrma{yblfa" oq{ lbvh {h anvqra {eas

lra kabctarcn` {ea rcè{ auyarcanfav l{ {ea rcè{ {cga dhr fhnvqgarv.

Pa elta aulgcnak {ea vhfclb gakcl glrma{cn` fhggqncfl{chn lf{ctc{s hd

`lgcn` orlnkv `bholbbs htar {ea ylv{


14/29

cNc{clb fhNVckArl{chN {rc@@Ar

Vhfclb gakcl yblsv ln cgyhr{ln{ rhba cn {ea cnc{clb fhnvckarl{chn v{là. Earaglrma{arv elta ln hyyhr{qnc{s {h kabctar tlbqa cn {ea dhrg hd cndhrgl{chn"

lnk an{ar{lcngan{. [ea yqryhva hd tlbqloba fhn{an{ hr vhfclb fqrranfs kqrcn`

{ecv yelva cv {h anarl{a alrnak gakcl dhr l orlnk" lfecatcn` fq{ {erhqè cn l

frhpkak glrma{yblfa" {eqv ralfecn` lv pcka ln lqkcanfa lv yhvvcoba.

{aLVa_ {_LCBa_V

@lga {rlcbarv lra hna hd" cd nh{ {ea ghv{ cgyhr{ln{ ylr{ hd l `lga blqnfe

pean c{ fhgav {h cnc{clb fhnvckarl{chn hd l `lga. [ea {rlcbar c{vabd nh{ hnbs

fral{av ln{cfcyl{chn lghn`v{ fhra dlnv" oq{ lbvh dqabv {ea velrcn` hd fhn{an{

lghn`v{ vhfclb lnk cn{arav{ na{phrmv" ànarl{cn` tlbqloba alrnak gakcl.Pc{e l {rlcbar {el{ vqffavvdqbbs `hav tcrlb" c{ lq{hgl{cflbbs eabyv l yqobcvear

{h {ly cn{h l pckar lqkcanfa cnqanfcn` yra'hrkar yqrfelvcn` kafcvchnv lnk

qb{cgl{abs vlbav.

Kalk Cvblnkv rv{ {rlcbar plv l eqà tcrlb vqffavv cn ?9


15/29

AuYArcAN{clb

Ghra dra|qan{bs `lgav yqobcvearv lra gar`cn` {ea kc`c{lb lnk yesvcflb vylfav{h lfecata tcvcocbc{s lghn`v{ yh{an{clb fhnvqgarv. [erhqè auyarcan{clb

lf{ctc{s cnfbqkcn` kc`c{lb hq{ hd ehga" glrma{arv lra fral{cn` hyyhr{qnc{cav

dhr an`làgan{ lnk cn{arlf{ctc{s os dlfcbc{l{cn` ln auyarcanfa {el{ cv oh{e

yarvhnloba lnk velraloba lfrhvv vhfclb gakcl" eabycn` {h ohhv{ {ea yh{an{clb

hd alrnak gakcl.

?M `lgav rhbbak hq{ {ea Kqma Nqmag Fhga @a{ Vhga Aqrhyaln {hqr

{el{ tcvc{ak blrà dhh{dlbb vehyycn` fan{rav cn alfe {arrc{hrs. Cn {ea QM"

{ea {hqr {hhm htar Pav{abk vehyycn` fan{ra peara gagoarv hd {ea

yqobcf pc{e olbbv hd v{aab {hhm ylr{ cn Kqmav Elbb hd Eh{navv" eltcn`

{eacr ycf{qra {lman pecfe fhqbk oa velrak lfrhvv {eacr vhfclb na{phrmv.

%e{{y:((shq{q.oa({s4lFnh5h\f#

Pc{e ln ltarlà hd 699 gcbbchn yeh{hv qybhlkak {h Dlfaohhm atars kls"

fly{qrcn` lnk qybhlkcn` yeh{hv {lman cn fhhb vc{ql{chnv glmav dhr `ral{

vhfclb fqrranfs. Dhr {ea blqnfe hd Ghkarn Plrdlra 6" Lf{ctcvchn va{ qy

yeh{h ohh{ev pc{ecn @lga ra{lcb v{hrav" anfhqrl`cn` dlnv {h kravv qy

lnk raybcfl{a {ea GP6 fhtar lr{. [ea cglàv fhqbk {ean oa {l`àk

lnk qybhlkak dhr dlnv {h velra lfrhvv {eacr vhfclb na{phrmv.

lf{ctA Atlbql{chN cNdhrgl{chN @l{eArcN@" VehYYcN@ lNk oqscN@

Glns `lgarv glma qy {eacr gcnk {h yra'hrkar l {c{ba dhbbhpcn` {ea hfclb

`lga ybls {rlcbar. Dhr {ehva v{cbb cn {ea yra'hrkar fhnvckarl{chn yelva c{ cv tc{lb

{el{ ghra fral{cta fhn{an{ cv rabalvak ra`qblrbs {h dqr{ear an{cfa" aufc{a lnk

an`là. [ecv fhn{an{ cv a|qlbbs cgyhr{ln{ dhr {ehva peh elta lbralks yra'

hrkarak l {c{ba" dqr{ear tlbckl{cn` {eacr yqrfelva kafcvchn.

Cd {ea fhn{an{ yrhkqfak os yqobcvearv cv hd tlbqa c{ pcbb ànarl{a alrnak gakcl

cnfralvcn` velra hd thcfa cn fhgylrcvhn {h fhgya{c{hrv. Cd {ea alrnak gakcl

cv yhvc{cta cn {argv hd van{cgan{ c{ fln balk {h cnfralvak yra'hrkarv lnk vlbav

lghn`v{ {ehva valrfecn` dhr cndhrgl{chn hn pea{ear hr nh{ {h yqrfelva l {c{ba.

GQB{C'yBL{dH_G V{H_s{aBBCN@Lv l ravqb{ hd gakcl drl`gan{l{chn" yqobcvearv lra fral{cn` fhn{an{ {el{

an`làv oh{e {ea {lrà{ lnk flvqlb lqkcanfa" pc{e {ea `hlb {h yargal{a l

fhnvqgarv klcbs gakcl fhnvqgy{chn. [h lfecata an`làgan{" v{hrcav cn {ea

dhrg hd fhn{an{ fln oa kabctarak htar gqb{cyba felnnabv %ghocba" ralb'phrbk"

{abatcvchn" lnk pao#. [ea fhn{an{ cv nh{ hnbs bcnmak %vqo{bs hr htar{bs#" oq{ fln

lbvh oa cn nlrrl{cta vsnferhncvl{chn pc{e alfe h{ear.



y L @ a < 1

FLVa

V{QKCaV


16/29

Cn vqyyhr{ hd {ea yra'blqnfe v{là dhr Dloba CCC: Mcn`glmar" Gcfrhvhd{ Uohu

yrhkqfak ln cggarvcta gqb{c'ybl{dhrg v{hrs{abbcn` flgylc`n. Fan{rak hn

l ghocba yehna lyy %e{{y:((ppp.dloba6mcn`glmar.fhg#" qvarv fhqbk jhcn

hna hd {ph dlf{chnv fhgya{cn` {h fly{qra lv gqfe {arrc{hrs lv yhvvcoba.

Tcl {ea lyy" yblsarv qva {ea ghocba @YV katcfa {h {l` {eacr bhfl{chn pc{e

l l`. Yblsarv para raplrkak pc{e tcr{qlb `hbk" pecfe fhqbk {ean

oa {rlnvdarrak lv cn'`lga fqrranfs.

[h cn{rhkqfa napfhgarv {h {ea yra'aucv{cn` Elbh drlnfecva lnk an`là fhra

dlnv" Gcfrhvhd{ elv cntav{ak cn l bcta'lf{chn yrhbh`qa pao varcav Dhrplrk

Qn{h Klpn %e{{y:((ppp.shq{qoa.fhg(vehp(elbh;dhrplrkqn{hklpn#dhr

{ea rabalva hd Elbh ;. [ea gcnc'varcav vqyyhr{ak os Shq[qoa [T felnnab

Glfecncgl cv rqnncn` dhr dhqr paamv yrchr {h `lga blqnfe lnk lbbhpv dlnv

{h an`là pc{e {ea nlrrl{cta oadhra {ea `lga cv glka yqobcf. [eara pcbboa ln hyyhr{qnc{s {h anfhqrlà vhfclb [T ylr{cfcyl{chn qvcn` elve{l`v cn

vqyyhr{ hd {ea varcav" anfhqrl`cn` alrnak gakcl {h oa ànarl{ak lrhqnk

{ea {c{ba yra'blqnfe.

AL yrhkqfak l gcnc'varcav cn fhnjqnf{chn pc{e Vycma [T {h vqyyhr{

{ea yra'blqnfe yelva hd Ol{{baabk 6. Hyarl{chn @rck Crhn

%e{{y:((ppp.shq{qoa.fhg(pl{fe8t7JUmgJXMO;


17/29


18/29


19/29

AL blqnfeak l yhy'qy dln v{hra hn c{v hfclb Dlfaohhm yl a {h ohhv{

yra'hrkar vlbav hd Ol{{baabk 6. Dlnv peh yra'hrkarak tcl Dlfaohhm

rafactak aufbqvcta fhn{an{ vqfe lv {ea yesvcflb plrdlra ylfm" ybls; draa

oara{ lnk `qn. Dlnv fhqbk bh` cn {h {ea yhy'qy v{hra tcl {eacr aucv{cn`

AL lffhqn{ lnk velra {eacr yqrfelva tcl Dlfaohhm.

dLFaOHHm LKV

Yhyqblr `lgav {c{bav pc{e lvvhfcl{ak Dlfaohhm orlnk ylàv elta vaan {eacr

fhggqnc{cav vpabb {h eqnkrakv hd {ehqvlnkv" cd nh{ gcbbchnv hd dlnv. Vltts

glrma{arv lra qvcn` Dlfaohhm vhfclb lkv {h vehpflva tckah fhn{an{ vcgybs

os {lrà{cn` {ea dln ylàv hd fhgya{c{hr {c{bav" fral{cn` lplranavv hd

fhn{an{ cn ln l{{agy{ {h `rhp {eacr hpn fhggqnc{cav.

Abaf{rhncf Lr{v vyan{ +?.01 gcbbchn hn Dlfaohhm lkv {h yrhgh{a c{v

Ol{{baabk 6 {c{ba {h fhgya{a pc{e Flbb hd Kq{s: Ghkarn Plrdlra 6.

[eas l{{rcoq{ak +


20/29

YhV{ YqrfelVA AuYArcANfA lNk lkthflfs

Hnfa l `lga cv rabalvak" cd {ea {c{ba kabctarv hn c{v yrhgcva lnk gaa{v {eaauyaf{l{chnv hd oh{e `lga frc{cf lnk fhnvqgar" {ea yhvc{cta van{cgan{ lrhqnk

{ea {c{ba pcbb elta l mnhfm hn aaf{ balkcn` {h cnfralvak vlbav.

Yhvc{cta phrk hd ghq{e lf{ctc{s dhbbhpcn` yqrfelva pcbb daak olfm cn{h {ea

yratchqv v{là dhr dq{qra cndhrgl{chn `l{earcn` os yrhvyaf{cta fqv{hgarv.

Glrma{arv fln qva {ecv alrnak gakcl {h qnkarv{lnk {ea vqffavvav" lnk

felbbanàv" hd fhn{an{ {h hy{cgcva dq{qra glrma{cn` lf{ctc{s. Yhv{ yqrfelva"

glrma{arv naak {h dqr{ear cnfralva {ea fqv{hgar auyarcanfa tcl lkkc{chnlb

fhn{an{ lnk vqyyhr{ {h kaayan rabl{chnvecyv lnk oqcbk l fhggqnc{s hd oh{e

aucv{cn` lnk yrhvyaf{cta fqv{hgarv" tc{lb dhr dq{qra {c{bav lnk glrma{cn` lf{ctc{s.

O_LNKaK Q{CBC{s

[h lkk tlbqa dhr {ea fqv{hgar" `lgav yqobcvearv elta katabhyak orlnkak

q{cbc{s lv l pls hd vehpcn` fhggc{gan{ {h fqv{hgar rabl{chnvecyv. Orlnkak

q{cbc{s yrhtckav ln hyyhr{qnc{s {h dhrg fbhvar lnk v{rhnàr rabl{chnvecyv pc{e

fqv{hgarv" yblscn` l klcbs rhba cn l fqv{hgarv bcda.

Flbb hd Kq{s: Abc{a %e{{y:((ppp.flbbhdkq{s.fhg(abc{a#" drhg `lgav yqobcvear

Lf{ctcvchn" cv ln cn'`lga lnk hq{'hd'`lga vhfclb na{phrm dhr {ea Flbb hd

Kq{s drlnfecva. [ea ybl{dhrg auylnkv {ea tlbqa hd {ea `lga lbbhpcn`

qvarv {h v{qks {eacr `lga ybls v{l{cv{cfv cn fhgylrcvhn pc{e h{ear yblsarv

pc{ecn {eacr na{phrm. [ea q{cbc{s cv dqbbs cn{a`rl{ak pc{e Dlfaohhm lnk

vglr{yehna ybl{dhrgv lbbhpcn` dhr {ea velrcn` hd fhn{an{ lghn`v{ vhfclb

na{phrmv.

F_HPKVHQ_FCN@

Vhfclb gakcl elv agyhparak orlnkv {h an`là cn {ph'pls fhntarvl{chnv pc{e

{eacr fqv{hgarv. Drhg l dlnv yarvyaf{cta {eas kh nh{ pln{ {h oa {hbk lohq{

{ea `lga {eas pln{ {h kcvfhtar" lvm |qav{chnv lnk `lcn kaayar cnvcè{v cn{h

l yrhkqf{ hr drlnfecva {el{ {eas nh{ hnbs fhggc{ {eacr elrk alrnak ghnas {h"

oq{ l fhnvckarloba lghqn{ hd yarvhnlb {cga.



y L @ a ? 9

FLVa

V{Q

KCaV


21/29

[ea ghv{ fhgghn lnk aaf{cta pls hd an`l`cn` cn fhntarvl{chn pc{e

aucv{cn` lnk yrhvyaf{cta fqv{hgarv cv tcl frhpkvhqrfcn` |qav{chnv {h oa

yq{ dhrplrk {h katabhyarv lnk vanchr auafq{ctav pc{ecn `lga v{qkchv.

@lga yqobcvearv vqfe lv Gcfrhvhd{" Lf{ctcvchn lnk AL pc{ecn Dlfaohhm

fhggqnc{cav yrhlf{ctabs frhpk vhqrfa dlnv {h ànarl{a fhn{an{ cn {ea

dhrg hd dln lr{ lnk tckahv. [ecv fhn{an{ cv {ean vehpflvak {h {ea an{cra

fhggqnc{s `ctcn` mqkhv {h {ea hrc`cnl{hr hd {ea fhn{an{ l{ {ea vlga {cga

anlobcn` orlnkv {h dhrg fbhvar rabl{chnvecyv pc{e c{v lkthfl{av. Yqobcvear

Qocvhd{ dhr c{v Lvvlvvcnv Fraak Dlfaohhm dln ylà alfe paam ehv{v dlnv

lyyrafcl{chn Drckls kakcfl{cn` c{v v{l{qv qykl{av {h dln lr{ lnk tckahv.

VHFCLB @HHK

@lga yqobcvearv elta lkhy{ak vhfclb gakcl dhr vhfclb `hhk cnc{cl{ctav {h

ralfe `bholb lqkcanfav pc{e orlnk gavvl`cn`. Dhrgcn` ylr{ hd {eacr fhryhrl{a

vhfclb ravyhnvcocbc{s lf{ctc{s" glrma{arv elta anfhqrlàk yblsarv(dlnv {h kh

vhfclb `hhk" l{ {ea vlga {cga ànarl{cn` alrnak gakcl dhr oh{e orlnk lnk

glrma{cn` flgylc`n.

Lf{ctcvchn ybakàk < gcbbchn {h felrc{s Plr Fecbk cd < gcbbchn yahyba yblsak

Flbb hd Kq{s: Ghkarn Plrdlra ? hn Uohu Bcta pc{ecn l ?;'ehqr yarchk.

[h vqyyhr{ {ea cnc{cl{cta lnk anfhqrlà alrnak gakcl" l Dlfaohhm

lyybcfl{chn cn {ea dhrg hd orlnkak q{cbc{s plv yrhkqfak" anlobcn` yblsarv

{h dhrg fblnv pc{e drcankv" ohhm ln atan{ {h {eacr {cgabcna lnk velra

`lgar {l`v. Cn aufavv hd


22/29

VQGGL_s

[ea fhgybauc{s hd {ea fhnvqgar kafcvchn jhqrnas dhrfav orlnkv {h lkhy{ nap

plsv hd glrma{cn` lnk {ecv cn {qrn pcbb cnqanfa glrma{cn` auyankc{qra.

_l{ear {eln dhfqv yqrabs hn {ea lplranavv yelva" fhnvckarl{chn nhp naakv

{h oa `ctan {h {ea pehba yrhfavv" anvqrcn` {el{ atars{ecn` drhg cndhrgl{chn

`l{earcn`" {h yhv{'yqrfelva auyarcanfav lnk vqyyhr{ lra hd fhnvckarl{chn.

mas |QaV{CHNV

Khav shqr vhfclb v{rl{a`s kabctar {ea rcè{ fhn{an{" l{ {ea rcè{ {cga"

cn {ea rcè{ dhrgl{ dhr fqv{hgarv8

Khav shqr glrma{cn` yrhtcka tlbqa hd kcaran{ mcnkv {h fqv{hgarv

a.`. q{cbc{s" ghna{lrs" aufbqvcta cndhrgl{chn" rl{ear {eln vcgybs

yqvecn` gavvlàv8

Kh shq ghnc{hr vhfclb gakcl aaf{ctabs" pc{e {ea cn{an{chn hd jhcncn`

fhntarvl{chnv l{ lyyrhyrcl{a {cgav8

Lra shq bcv{ancn` {h shqr fqv{hgarv yhv{'yqrfelva fhntarvl{chnv"

lnk dlfcbc{l{cn` velrcn` lnk fqv{hgar flra peara lyyrhyrcl{a8


Fhn{an{" felnnab lnk fhggqnc{s v{rl{a`s katabhygan{

Cnvcè{v drhg vhfclb gakcl ghnc{hrcn`

Fral{cta flgylc`nv

Fhggqnc{s glnlàgan{

Vhfclb gakcl {rlcncn` {h qy'vmcbb cn ehqva {algv



y L @ a ? ?

8

,


23/29

1 @lgcN@ VAf{hr {eA dq{qrA hd Vhfclb gAkcl

_avalrfe cnfbqkak cn {ecv pec{a ylyar elv ecèbcè{ak rafan{ vhfclb gakcl

lf{ctc{s drhg {ea `lgav(an{ar{lcngan{ vaf{hr auafq{ak pc{ecn {ea drlgaphrm

hd {ea fhnvqgar kafcvchn jhqrnas. Lv ecèbcè{ak os {ea ldhragan{chnak

lnlbsvcv" {ea fhgybauc{s hd {ea fhnvqgar kafcvchn jhqrnas dhrfav orlnkv

{h lkhy{ nap plsv hd glrma{cn` lnk {ecv cn {qrn pcbb cnqanfa glrma{cn`

auyankc{qra. _l{ear {eln dhfqv yqrabs hn {ea lplranavv yelva" fhnvckarl{chn

nhp naakv {h oa `ctan {h {ea pehba yrhfavv lnk anvqrcn` {el{ atars{ecn`

drhg cndhrgl{chn `l{earcn`" {h yhv{'yqrfelva auyarcanfav lnk vqyyhr{ lra

hd fhnvckarl{chn.

L_aLV dH_ dQ_{ea_ V{QKs LNK FHNVCKa_L{CHN[h dqr{ear fhn{cnqa {ea athbq{chn hd vhfclb gakcl cn `lgcn` lnk fral{a

atan `ral{ar tlbqa dhr orlnkv" pa l{ Ealkv{ralg lra bhhmcn` cn{h dq{qra

katabhygan{v pc{ecn vhfclb gakcl lnk {ea `lgav cnkqv{rs. [ea dhbbhpcn`

lralv hd ravalrfe rayravan{ ghra yrhgcvcn` yhvvcocbc{cav:

LBPLsV HN:

_lrabs kh glrma{arv elta {ea nafavvlrs `lga lvva{v {h elnk drhg {ea

v{qkchv {h fral{a ln an`l`cn` glrma{cn` v{hrs. [h htarfhga {ecv" `lga

glrma{cn` dhbbhpv l dhrgqblcf lyyrhlfe hd {alvar {rlcbar" vfraan veh{v"

dqbb {rlcbar" lk flgylc`n lnk blqnfe" dhbbhpak qy os yhv{'blqnfe KBF

%Khpnbhlkloba Fhn{an{#. L {rcak lnk {av{ak ga{ehk {el{ cv {au{ohhm

`lgav glrma{cn` lghn`v{ lbb yqobcvearv.

Vhfclb gakcl ghnc{hrcn` lf{ctc{s dhr `lga blqnfeav %e{{y:((ppp.vbckavelra.

na{(orlnkpl{fevhfclb(vhfclb'gakcl'cn'{ea'tckah`lgav'cnkqv{rs#" ecèbcè{v {ea

yarchk oa{paan lnnhqnfagan{ lnk blqnfe cv peara phrk'hd'ghq{e lnk vhfclb

gakcl ln{cfcyl{chn cv blràbs lovan{. Dhr `lgav glrma{arv {h lfecata l ecè

thbqga hd phrk hd ghq{e lf{ctc{s yra'blqnfe {h krhpn hq{ fhgya{c{hr lf{ctc{s

fln ra|qcra lnh{ear eqà cntav{gan{ hd glrma{cn` auyankc{qra.

[ecv {sya hd cntav{gan{" {h ohhv{ yra'blqnfe alrnak gakcl tcl ylck gakcl"

fln oa vc`ncfln{bs rakqfak os lkhy{cn` ln lbplsv hn lyyrhlfe {h glrma{cn`

fhggqncfl{chnv. [ea lbplsv'hn lyyrhlfe cv dhfqvak hn ànarl{cn` tlbqloba

ycafav hd fhn{an{ htar ln au{ankak yarchk hd {cga {h an`là pc{e fhra dlnv

lbbhpcn` orlnkv {h {ly cn{h {ea vhfclb lnk cn{arav{ `rlyev yarvcv{an{bs" lv l

ravqb{ rafrqc{cn` l blràr lqkcanfa.

@ l g c N @ V A f { h r { e A d q { q r A h d V h f c l b g A k c l


y L @ a ? 6


24/29

Fhn{an{ {el{ dhrgv ln lbplsv'hn v{rl{a`s cv nh{ lv rabcln{ hn lvva{v drhg {ea

`lgav v{qkch. @lgav os {eacr tars nl{qra lra rcfe cn v{hrs{abbcn` {earadhra

glrma{arv fln bhhm {h au{ank {ea v{hrs phrbk os katabhycn` gqb{c'ybl{dhrg

fhn{an{ qvak {h fral{a kclbh`qa pc{e {ea {lrà{ lqkcanfa" anvqrcn` {el{ {ea

`lga raglcnv drhn{ hd gcnk. [ecv lbplsv hn lyyrhlfe lbbhpv yqobcvearv {h

fhggc{ alrbs" ànarl{av alrnak gakcl" ln{cfcyl{chn lnk qb{cgl{abs yra'hrkarv.

OC@ KL{L:

Yrhtckcn` an{ar{lcngan{ cv {ea yrcglrs hojaf{cta hd `lga v{qkchv. Ehpatar

pc{e glns `lgav oacn` yblsak cn gqb{cyblsar ghka tcl cn{arna{ fhnnaf{ctc{s"

{ea hyyhr{qnc{s dhr `lga katabhyarv {h au{rlf{ kl{l {h eaby velya lnk

cnqanfa {ea `lga auyarcanfa {eqv cggakcl{abs kabcè{cn` {ea fqv{hgar cv l

eqà lktln{là. Oh{e vhfclb lnk ghocba `lgav pcbb oana{ drhg {ecv ralb'{cga

kl{l" dqr{ear anelnfcn` ghna{cvl{chn hd {ea yrhkqf{.

Hq{vcka hd `lga ybls kl{l" cv vhfclb kl{l yrhkqfak cn eqà |qln{c{cav"

pecfe fln oa qvak os glrma{arv {h lnlbsva van{cgan{ lrhqnk oh{e yrhkqf{

lnk glrma{cn` lf{ctc{s. Lv glrma{cn` ghtav cn{h ln lbplsv'hn lyyrhlfe"

{ea naak dhr {cgabs lnk lffqrl{a kl{l {h cnqanfa oh{e fral{cta lnk v{rl{a`s

cn ralb'{cga pcbb oa atar ghra cgyhr{ln{. Lf{ctcvchn cv hna vqfe yqobcvear {el{

cv cn{abbcàn{bs bcv{ancn` cn{h vhfclb kl{l lnk lkjqv{cn` c{v glrma{cn` lf{ctc{s

cn ravyhnva {h {ea nkcn`v.

Ghra dra|qan{bs vhfclb gakcl qvarv lra glmcn` {eacr vhfclb yrhba hyan"

yrhtckcn` orlnkv pc{e {ea hyyhr{qnc{s {h qnkarv{lnk ghra yrafcvabs {ea

{lrà{ lqkcanfa hd {ea yrhkqf{ lnk kcvfhtar peh {eacr cnqanfarv lra {h

lvvcv{ pc{e kcv{rcoq{cn` lbplsv'hn fhn{an{ {h l pckar lqkcanfa.

CN{a_LF{Cta {aFeNHBH@s LNK GHOCBa:

Pc{e vglr{yehna lkhy{chn cnfralvcn` `bholbbs" glrma{arv nhp elta {ea

hyyhr{qnc{s {h batarlà vglr{yehna dqnf{chnlbc{s lnk kabctar {hqfe" thcfa

lnk àv{qra fhn{rhb lv ylr{ hd flgylc`n fral{cta. [ea vafhnk vfraan %ghocba"

{loba{# fln oa qvak {h fhgybagan{ {ea rv{ vfraan %[T# lnk kabctar nap

yhvvcocbc{cav dhr glrma{arv. Lqkch pl{arglrmcn` agoakkak pc{ecn lyybcfl{chnv

pcbb lbbhp tcaparv {h rafacta fhn{an{ vqfe lv yrhgh{chnlb kcvfhqn{v" aufbqvcta

cntc{l{chnv {h TCY atan{v a{f... tcl lqkch {rc`àrv pc{ecn {ea lyybcfl{chn.



y L @ a ? ;


25/29

Dhr aulgyba lv hyyhvak {h yrhkqfcn` l [T vyh{ pc{e flbb {h lf{chn {h

Dlfaohhm hr paovc{a" lqkch pl{arglrmcn` {afenhbh`s vqfe lv Velzlg

%e{{y:((ppp.velzlg.fhg# fln oa qvak {h {rc`àr {ea khpnbhlk hd fhn{au{qlbbs

rabatln{ fhn{an{ %an{ar{lcngan{" fhqyhnv" cndhrgl{chn# kcraf{ {h vglr{yehna

pean tcapcn` {ea lk. [ecv fhn{an{ fln {ean oa velrak cggakcl{abs {h oh{e

cn{arav{ lnk vhfclb na{phrmv. [ea fhn{an{ fhqbk lbvh oa cggarvcta os {lmcn`

{ea qvar kaayar cn{h {ea v{hrs phrbk hd {ea `lga kabctarcn` {rlnvgakcl

v{hrs{abbcn` auyarcanfav.

CNdBQaNFa_V LNK {ea CN{a_aV{ @_Lye:

Vhfclb na{phrm Ycn{arav{v vqffavv elv {erhpn {ea vqojaf{ hd cn{arav{

na{phrmv cn{h {ea vyh{bcè{. @hcn` dhrplrk pa pcbb vaa atan ghra cn{arav{

olvak na{phrmv vyrcn`cn` qy lrhqnk vyafcf {c{bav. [ea bcdaobhhk rqnncn`

{erhqè {eag lbb pcbb oa Dlfaohhm([pc{{ar" vh {el{ qvarv fln lfecata bhhm

l{ ga" vehpcn` h {h {eacr vhfclb na{phrm" pean {eas kcvfhtar {ecv cv ga

fhn{an{ tcl {eacr cn{arav{ `rlye.

Yblnncn` lnk fral{cn` fhn{an{ {lmcn` cn{h lffhqn{ {ea cn{arav{ `rlye lnk

cnqanfarv vehqbk oa l{ {ea dhradrhn{ hd `lga glrma{arv lf{ctc{s. [ecv cv {h

anvqra {el{ {ea rcè{ fhn{an{ ralfeav {ea rcè{ fhnvqgar l{ {ea rcè{ {cga

rl{ear {eln l hna'vcza'{v'lbb lyyrhlfe.



y L @ a ? 1

mas |QaV{CHNV

Ehp cndhrgak" lnk l`cba" cv shqr vhfclb gakcl {alg {h ravyhnk {h

nap hyyhr{qnc{cav8

Ehp khav alfe glrma{cn` lf{ctc{s { cn{h l fhgyabbcn` BHN@ ckal dhr

shqr orlnk8

Ehp lra shqr kc`c{lb phrbk lnk ralb phrbk fqv{hgar auyarcanfav oacn`

fhhrkcnl{ak {h fral{a l fheavcta auyarcanfa dhr {ea fqv{hgar8

Kh shq elta l blnkvflya hd {ea rabatln{ cn{arav{ `rlyev dhr shqr orlnk8


Akqfl{chn lnk {rlcncn` {h maay lealk hd bl{av{ {rankv

Fhn{an{" felnnab lnk fhggqnc{s v{rl{a`s lnk auafq{chn

Cnvcè{v drhg vhfclb gakcl ghnc{hrcn`

8

,


26/29

FHNFBQVCHN

[ea `lgcn` cnkqv{rs elv l orcè{ dq{qra. [ea eqgln kavcra {h ybls raglcnv

lv v{rhn` lv atar" lnk kc`c{lb" vhfclb lnk elrkplra katabhygan{v galn

{el{ kavcra fln oa ga{ cn ghra yblfav" ghra aucobs lnk pean fhnnaf{ak

{h l vhfclb na{phrm. [ea felbbanà dhr {ea cnkqv{rs" ylr{cfqblrbs {ea gljhr

yqobcvearv lnk elrkplra yblsarv" cv {h maay qy.

Dhr {ea yqobcvearv {ea {rlkc{chnlb blqnfe fsfba hd {alvar {rlcbar" vfraan

veh{v" dqbb {rlcbar" lk flgylc`n lnk blqnfe" dhbbhpak qy os yhv{'blqnfe KBF

%khpnbhlkloba fhn{an{#" cv nh bhnàr vqfcan{" lnk fral{av glrma{cn`

plv{là. Cnv{alk ln lbplsv'hn lyyrhlfe {h fhn{an{ lnk fhggqnc{s

glnlàgan{ {h maay {ea drlnfecva cn {ea gcnk hd {ea {lrà{ fhggqnc{s"lnk {h ghocbcva {el{ fhggqnc{s lv lkthfl{av" pcbb orcn` vqyarchr ravqb{v.

[ecv lyyrhlfe kaglnkv nap vmcbbv pc{ecn {ea glrma{cn` {algv l{ `lgav

yqobcvearv. [ea hyyhr{qnc{s cv {eara dhr {eava orlnkv {h lf{ lv yqobcvearv

pc{e l fhggc{gan{ {h aucn` {ea fhn{an{ fral{ak cn bcna pc{e orhlkar fqb{qrlb

{eagav" lnk {h raaf{ pel{ {eas ealr drhg {ea an{eqvclv{cf fhggqnc{cav

lrhqnk {ea drlnfecvav. Cn {ea fhnnaf{ak lnk vhfclb phrbk pa nhp bcta cn {eava

an{eqvclv{cf lnk dlnl{cflb fhggqnc{cav lra nhp yh{an{clbbs {ea ghv{ tlbqloba

lvva{v {el{ `lgav CY hpnarv elta.

@a{{CN@ V{L_{aK

[h glma {ea ghv{ hd {eava hyyhr{qnc{cav orlnkv vehqbk fhnvckar:

glmcn` vhfclb gakcl ln cn{a`rlb lnk balkcn` ylr{ hd {ea glrma{cn` v{rl{a`s"

nh{ ln ld{ar{ehqè{"

fh'hrkcnl{cn` vhfclb gakcl v{rl{a`s lnk lf{ctc{s lfrhvv kaylr{gan{v

{el{ gls {rlkc{chnlbbs elta oaan vaylrl{a a.`. glrma{cn`" fqv{hgar

vartcfav" {afenhbh`s"

cn{rhkqfcn` ralb'{cga vhfclb gakcl ghnc{hrcn`"

fral{cn` l ?;(0 flylocbc{s {h vhfclb an`làgan{ tcl fhn{an{ fral{chn lnk

fhggqnc{s glnlàgan{.

Pecba {eava katabhygan{v ra|qcra vc`ncfln{ {cga cntav{gan{ {eas pcbb fral{a

l vhfclbbs anlobak ra{lcb hr`lncvl{chn {el{ cv ralks {h dlfa cn{h {ea ksnlgcf"

ecèbs cndhrgak lnk vglr{ fhnvqgar hd {ea vhfclb là.

[lbm {h Ealkv{ralg

[pc{{ar: Iealkv{ralg

Pao: ppp.ealkv{ralg.fhg

F H N F B Q V C H N L N K @ a { { C N @ V { L _ { a K


y L @ a ? 4

{ lrb lkhrvlr lbrlk `lcncn`lklnl` hrfhgchrv lnk pcbbo ov blfk pnfhnhgcf rfhrcfv'cn.


27/29

eHP FLN eaLKV{_aLG eaBy8

Ealkv{ralg cv eabycn` glrma{arv lfrhvv kctarva vaf{hrv ghta oashnk

dqnnab'cnvycrak yqve glrma{cn` {hplrkv an`làgan{" lnk oqcbkcn` pcn'pcn

rabl{chnvecyv pc{e yrhvyaf{v lnk fqv{hgarv. Pa fln eaby cn {ea

dhbbhpcn` plsv:

aKQFL{CHN

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