Ch. 23 Head and Face

HeadCh. 23 Head and FaceAnatomy of Head28 bonesMandible is the only movable boneSuture is where two bones come together

Brain Facts3 poundsRequires 20% O2 and 15% blood supplyBrain cells grow until 18Divided into lobesConnects to spinal cordCerebrospinal fluidLeft brain controls right side of body, vice versa

Brain LobesFrontal: voluntary muscle movement, emotion, eye movementParietal: SensationOccipital: VisionTemporal: Hearing, speechCerebellum: equilibrium, muscle, reflexes

Cerebellum: athletic brain4Scalp InjuriesUsually bleeds more Could look worse than it isTreat and control bleedingContinue with head injury assessment to rule out other injuries

Skull FracturesCaused by a severe blow when headgear is not worn S/S: bleed or CSF draining from ear or noseBattle signRaccoon eyes

ConcussionsMild brain injuryMore than 300,000 each year62,000 in high schoolSeveral different grading systemsAVPUSCAT card

ConcussionsSigns and SymptomsCognitive: awareness of time and space, consciousnessTypical: headache, dizziness, nausea, double visionPhysical: loss of consciousness, poor balance, seizures, vomitingRetrograde and antegrade amnesiaConcussionsReturn to participationNo activity, complete rest until asymptomaticLight aerobic exerciseSport-specific trainingNon-contact training drillsFull-contact training drills after clearanceGame playHemorrhageBleeding within the skull; forms hematomaSubdural: between brain and dura materEpidural: between skull and dura materIntracranial: pooling of blood within brain

Secondary Impact SyndromeRapid swelling and herniation of the brain after a second head injury that occurs before the symptoms of a previous injury has been resolvedSecond impact could be minorThis is why it is really important to fully clear an athlete after a head injury