harps-n@tng: the gaps programme · ‘la ricerca dei pianeti extrasolari in italia’ inaf-rome, 5...
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‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
HARPS-N@TNG:
The GAPS Programme
A. Sozzetti (INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino)
On behalf of the GAPS Team
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‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
• GAPS, Global Architecture of Planetary Systems, is a long-term programme for the comprehensive characterization of the architectural properties of planetary systems as a function of the hosts’ characteristics (mass, metallicity, environment).
• GAPS has been approved by Italian TNG TAC: – AOT 26 (Aug 2012-Jan 2013): 36 nights – AOT 27 (Feb 2013-Jul 2013): 40 nights
+ long-term status proposal approved for 2 years. till Feb 2015
The GAPS Project
INAF Guidelines to TAC: to dedicate ~80
nights/year of TNG to a large coordinated
effort of the Italian community willing to study
exoplanets with HARPS-N.
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‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
~ 61 INAF and associated scientists in Italy;
~16 scientists from foreign institutes.
Wide range of expertise
– High resolution spectroscopy
– Stellar rotation and activity
– Crowded stellar environments
– Formation of planetary systems
– Planetary dynamics
The GAPS Team
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‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
GAPS Team Organization
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‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
GAPS Science Themes
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‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
GAPS in a Nutshell
• Similar completeness levels
• Some 4200 spectra
• 1245 hrs of observing
• 4 papers published
• 2 new planets discovered
• Several interesting candidates
• A handful of papers in prep.
• Over a dozen planned through Summer 2015
HARPS/ESO GTO surveys statistics after two years:
- 100 nights/yr, 800 stars, only discovery mode - 4 papers published - 7 planets discovered, 1 low-mass
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‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
M-Dwarfs Planet Search
• A HARPS-N search for Neptunes and Super-Earths (M < 20 M⊕) around a sample of M0-M2 stars.
• To derive the frequency of short-period (P < 100 d) low-mass planets in the low stellar mass regime
• To compare it to published results.
• To characterize the architecture of planetary systems as a function of stellar mass for useful comparison with theoretical model predictions.
• To characterize the impact of stellar activity in fully convective stars.
• ~100 stars selected from the INAF-led APACHE transit survey catalog.
• A synergistic effort with an analogous program on Spanish time at TNG (GAPS-EXOTEAM MoU)
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‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
M Star Sample Statistics
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‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
‘False’ Detections
But:
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‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
Emerging Strong Candidates
No BIS-RV corr. APACHE: ~8d Ca S-index: 16d
BIS-RV: no corr. A second peak at 30 d likely induced by stellar activity Photometrically ‘quiet’ (Serra La Nave data)
Affer et al. In prep.
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‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
Metalpoor Planet Search
• A HARPS-N search for Neptunes and Super-Earths (M < 20 M⊕) around a sample of moderately (−1.0 < [Fe/H] < −0.5 approximately) metal-poor stars.
• To derive the frequency of Neptunes and Super-Earths (P < 100 d) in the metal-poor regime
• To compare it to published results for solar metallicity stars.
• To characterize the architecture of planetary systems as a function of stellar metallicity for useful comparison with theoretical model predictions.
• 60 stars selected from the Keck/HIRES metal-poor sample.
• Cross-talk with the ESO/HARPS LP
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‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
RV rms Distribution
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‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
Emerging Results
Sensitivity Limits: very well in line with the goals of the program
Exoplanet detections: several short-period candidates under follow-up
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‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
OC Planet Search
• Open Clusters (OCs): ages, metallicites and distances, as well as stellar masses and radii more precise than for field stars
• Role of dynamical and chemical environment on planet formation
• Ultimate goal: direct estimate of frequency of close-in planets in OCs
• Chosen M44 (younger) and NGC 752 (older), membership and sample selection of ~120 slowly rotating F-G-K members
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‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
A Long-Period Companion to OC102
Malavolta et al. In prep.
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‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
Targets for Follow-up
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‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
• Derive the orbital obliquity for a range of planet and host properties (i.e. Porb, Mp, M*, age)
• Characterize orbits and physical properties of transiting systems containing hot GPs (thanks to synergy with KP program)
• Address planetary orbit evolution issues, and find clues to migration mechanisms and star-planet tidal interactions
Rossiter-McLaughlin Effect Program
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‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 24-25 October 2013 Transit duration: ~1.62 hours
vsin i=1.7±0.3 km/s = -7 ± 8 deg
2012 Sep 03
Covino et al. (2013) A&A 554, 28
P =1.42002449
±0.0000010 d
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‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
GAPS III. HAT-P-18b retrograde orbit
HARPS-N RM-effect data
λ = 168 ± 30
Phot. data from
1.5 @ Loiano (LMa)
VsinI =1.4 ±0.5
Phot. from 1.5m@Loiano
Porb ~ 5.5 d
Mp ~ 0.2 MJ Rp~1.0 RJ Host: V~12.8 K7V Teff=4860±70K
logg =4.5±0.1 [Fe/H]= 0.11 ±0.09
Esposito et al. 2014 A&A 564 L13
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‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
New R-M Effect Results
Retrograde system with a half-
Jupiter mass planet transiting a
solar-mass star on 4.3d orbit
vsinI = 3.3 km/s
λ = -120 ± 15
Aligned system with a Jupiter-
mass planet transiting a low-
mass star on 1.3d orbit
λ = 10 ± 20
VsinI = 2.0 km/s
14 targets successfully observed. See Covino’s talk
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‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
Three components:
•Stars with long period giant planets (search for low mass planets in close orbits, i.e. scaled solar system analogs).
Complementary to the ongoing HARPS/ESO program
•A small sample of stars with known planetary systems for further characterization
•Transiting planets (system characterization, search for additional planets)
Known Planets Program
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‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
No giant planets around the very metal poor star HIP 11952.
Desidera, Sozzetti et al. 2013, A&A, 554, A29
Killing Planet (KP) program Early results: HIP 11952
4/4/13 GAPS PM2
22
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‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
A Planetary System For XO-2S
Desidera, Bonomo, Claudi et al. 2014, A&A, 567, L6:
Two giant planets around the southern component!
http://www.media.inaf.it/2014/07/02/gemelli-diversi/
K1=58 m/s
P1=18 d
K2=20 m/s
P2=120 d
rms=3 m/s
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‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
XO-2 Global System Analysis (Damasso et al., in prep.)
Stellar rotation periods (from APACHE) Long-term trend in the RVs of XO-2N
Differential Abundance Analysis
Determination of activity levels
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‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
The Curious Case of...
Now the second lowest-density transiting Hot Jupiter known!
Sozzetti, Bonomo, Biazzo et al. In prep.
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‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
A low-mass planet candidate around a stars hosting a long-period giant planet
A Low-Mass Planet Candidate
K dwarf with low amplitude variations in
residuals (rms 2.37 m/s)
Periodicity at 12.4d. FAP<1/10000
No correlation with activity and line profiles
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‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
a) The characterization of the tidal interaction between the
planets and their host stars
b) The impact of star-planet interactions on stellar activity
c) The betterment of relevant physical parameters
(masses, radii, rotation periods, differential rotation, ages)
d) Sample selection: a few planet-hosting stars.
SPI-Asteroseismic Program
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‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
Tau Boo - Asteroseismology
HARPS-N + Literature
Asteroseismic approach preserves the
possibility to improve the orbit of the
planet around Tau Boo.
At the same time, high-
quality, fast-cadence 1-min
exposures allowed us to
detect very small fluctuations,
probably due to solar-like
oscillations.
The final goal is to demonstrate
asteroseismological approach
to infer stellar parameters.
Borsa et al. In prep.
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‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
HD 17156 - SPMI
• Coordinated HARPS-N@TNG (AOT30) and XMM-Newton observations of HD 17156 for testing the onset of SPMI effects at periastron in a system with a massive planet in a very eccentric orbit around a Sun-like star
• Target already part of the KP program
• Two HARPS-N spectra with very high S/N ratio obtained in Sep 2014
• Analysis ongoing
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‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
Take-Home Message
• HARPS-N@TNG is the state-of-the-art of high-res, high-prec. optical spectroscopy in the Northern hemisphere
• It can reproduce the successes obtained by HARPS-S in exoplanets science (and stellar astrophysics), and it’s easily accessible to the Italian community
• It does require a very large investment in observing time -> strategic thinking and decision-making approach
• It acted as catalyst for GAPS, that is demonstrating it in turn to be a very successful undertaking