harold upao
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Pablo Antonio
Pablo S. Antonio (January 25,
1902 June 14, 1975 was a Filipinoarchitect. A
pioneer of modern Philippine architecture, The
was recognized in some quarters as the
foremost Filipino modernist architect of his
time. He was conferred the rank and title
ofNational Artist of thePhilippines by PresidentFerdinand Marcos in
1976.
Early life
Antonio was born in Binondo, Manila in 1902.
He was orphaned by the age of 12, and had to
work in the daytime in order to finish his high
school education at night. He studied
architecture at the University of Santo
Tomas but dropped out of school in order to
assist in the design and construction of
the Legislative Building (now, the National
Museum of the Philippines).
Ramon Arevalo, the engineer in charge of the
Legislative Building project, funded Antonio's
education at the University of London. He
completed a five-year architecture course in
three years, graduating in 1927.
Works
Antonio first came into prominence in 1933 with
the construction of the Ideal Theateralong
Avenida Rizal in Manila. His work caught the
eye of the founder of the Far Eastern
University in Manila, Nicanor Reyes, Sr., who
was looking to build a school campus that was
modern in style. Between 1938 to 1950, he
designed several buildings on the university
campus in the Art Decostyle. The FEU campus
is considered as the largest ensemble of
surviving Art Deco architecture in Manila, and in
2005, it received an Honorable Mention citation
from the UNESCO for the body's 2005 Asia-
Pacific Heritage Awards for Culture Heritage
Conservation.
Antonio also designed the White Cross
Sanitarium (1938) along Santolan Road in San
Juan City, and the Manila Polo Club (1950)
in Makati City.[3]
He likewise designed the
Ramon Roces Publications Building (now
Guzman Institute of Electronics) in Soler Street
in Manila, the Capitan Luis Gonzaga Building,
and the Boulevard-Alhambra (now called Bel-
Air) Apartments Building in Roxas Boulevard &
where Manila Bay Hostel is located on the 4th
floor, this Bel-Air Apartments is near T. M. Kalaw
Avenue & beside Miramar Hotel. Bel-Air
Apartments building was designed by Pablo
Santonio and built in 1937.[2]
Apart from the Ideal Theater, Antonio also
designed several other theaters in Manila,
including the Life Theater, the Scala Theater,
the Lyric Theater, and the Galaxy Theater. As of
2008, only the Galaxy Theater remains standing,
though it is threatened with demolition.
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FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY
Death
Antonio died in Manila, Philippines on June 14, 1975 due to health reasons. The cause of his death is still
not mentioned until after he died.
Toms Mapa
Toms Bautista Mapa (December 21, 1888 December 22, 1965) was the first registered Filipino
architect. Born in Manila to Juan Mapa and Justina Bautista, he was one of the first Filipino scholars
sent by the government to the United States during the American regime. He finished high school at
Boone's Preparatory School in Berkeley, California, and graduated from Cornell University in 1911 with a
degree in Architecture. Among his works include the Manila City Hall, Post Office Building, the St. La
Salle Hall, and his own home on Taft Avenue. He was supervising architect for the Bureau of Public
Works from 19181927, during which period he was in charge of important insular work, including the
Nurses Home of the Philippine General Hospital, Training School Building of Normal School, and various
provincial and municipal buildings.[1]
Mapa married Rita Moya on November 3, 1916.[1]
On January 25, 1925, he founded the Mapa Institute
of Technology, a school specializing in architecture and engineering, using a run-down building in
Carriedo Street on Quiapo, Manila. Retiring from public service, Mapa devoted himself to private
practice since 1928, and in addition to heading his own construction company (MYT Construction
Works,Inc.) was president of the Mapa Institute of Technology.[1]
He died on December 22, 1965.
Misericordia Street in Sta. Cruz, Manila was renamed to Tomas Mapua Street in his honor.
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TOMAS MAPUA
MANILA CITY HALL
ST. LA SALLE HALL
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MAPUA INSTITUTE OF TEECHNOLOGY
Juan Marcos Arellano
Juan Marcos Arellano y de Guzmn (April 25, 1888 - December 5,
1960), orJuan M. Arellano, was a Filipinoarchitect, best known forManila's Metropolitan
Theater(1935), Legislative Building (1926; now houses the National Museum of the Philippines),
the Manila Central Post Office Building (1926), the Cebu Provincial Capitol (1937), the Bank of the
Philippine Islands Cebu Main Branch (1940), and the Jones Bridge.
Life and works
Juan M. Arellano was born on April 25, 1888 in Manila, Philippines to Luis C. Arellano and Bartola de
Guzmn. He attended the Ateneo Municipal de Manila and graduated in 1908. His first passion
was painting and he trained under Lorenzo Guerrero, Toribio Antillon, and Fabian de la
Rosa.[1]
However, he pursued architecture and was sent to the United States as one of the
first pensionados in architecture, after Carlos Barreto, who was sent to the Drexel Institute in 1908,
Antonio Toledo, who went to Ohio State, and Toms Mapa, who went toCornell.
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Arellano went to the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in 1911 and subssequently transferred
to Drexel to finish his bachelor's degree in Architecture. He was trained in the Beaux Arts and
subsequently went to work for George B. Post & Sons in New York City, where he worked forFrederick
Law Olmsted, Jr.[2]
He then returned to the Philippines to begin a practice with his brother, Arcadio. He later joined
the Bureau of Public Works just as the last American architects, George Fenhagen and Ralph H. Doane,
were leaving. He and Toms Mapa were then named as supervising architects. In 1927, he took a study
leave and went to the United States where he was greatly influenced by Art Deco architecture.
In 1930, he returned to Manila and designed the Manila Metropolitan Theater, which was then considered
controversially moderne.[3]
He also continued to act as a consulting architect for the Bureau of Public
Works where he oversaw the production of the Manila's first zoning plan. In 1940, he and Harry Frost
created a design forQuezon City, which was to become the new capital of the Philippines.
It was during that time that he also designed the building that would house the United States High
Commission to the Philippines, later the Embassy of the United States in Manila. He designed
a demesne along the edge ofManila Bay, which featured a revival-style mansion that took advantage of
the seaside vista.[4]
The Americans instead opted for a federal-stylebuilding that ended up overpriced and
uncomfortable.
During World War II, the Legislative Building and Jones Bridge, were totally destroyed and the Post Office
Building was severely damaged. While these structures were all reconstructed, his original designs were
not followed and were considered poor replications.[5]
Arellano retired in 1956 and went back to painting. In 1960, he exhibited his work at the Manila YMCA.
Fernando H. Ocampo
Fernando Hizon Ocampo was a FilipinoArchitect and Civil Engineer. Born August 7, 1897, in San
Fernando, Pampanga, he was the son of Dr. Basilio Ocampo and Leoncia Hizon.
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One ofManila's renowned architects, Ocampo was educated at the Ateneo de Manila A.B., in
1914; University of Santo Tomas, Civil Engineering, 1919; and University of Pennsylvania, Bachelor of
Architecture, 1921. Following his graduation from the University of Pennsylvania, he worked in the office
of Mr. Emile Perrot, an architect inPhiladelphia, and then spent two years traveling in Europe, giving
particular attention to architectural designs. Returning to Manila he was for four years an assistant
architect in the Bureau of Public Works. In 1927 he became associated with architect Tomas
Arguelles and established Arguelles and Ocampo, architects.
Many of Manila's finest business buildings and residences attest to Ocampo's ability as an architect and
engineer. Among these are the Manila Cathedral; UST Central Seminary; the Arguelles, Paterno (later
became Far Eastern Air Transport Inc. orFEATI), Ayala, Cu Unjieng and Cu Unjieng and Fernandez
buildings; the Assumption Academy of Pampanga and the residence of Mr. Joaquin Baltazar, the latter
having taken the first prize in the 1930 beautiful home contest. In 1929 and 1930 Ocampo was a member
of the Board of Examiners for Architects in Manila and in addition to his private practice he became a
member of the faculty of the School of Architecture at the University of Santo Tomas, Manila.
Leandro Locsin
Leandro V. Locsin (August 15, 1928 - November 15, 1994) was a
Filipino architect, artist, and interior designer, known for his use ofconcrete, floating volume and simplistic
design in his various projects. An avid collector, he was fond of modern painting and Chinese ceramics.
He was proclaimed a National Artist of the Philippines for Architecture in 1990 by PresidentCorazon C.
Aquino.
Life and career
Leandro V. Locsin was born on Aug 15, 1928 in Silay City, Negros Occidental, a grandson of the first
governor of the province. He later studied at the De La Salle Brothers in 1935 before returning to Negros
due to the Second World War. He returned to Manila to study Pre-Law, before shifting to pursue
a Bachelor's Degree in Music at the University of Santo Tomas. Although he was a talented pianist, he
later shifted again to Architecture, just a year before graduating. He was married to Cecilia Yulo, to which
he had two children, one of whom is also an architect.
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The Main Building (Tanghalang Pambansa) of the Cultural Center of the Philippines, one of Locsin's most recognizable
works.
An art lover, he frequented the Philippine Art Gallery, where he met the curator, Fernando Zobel de
Ayala, who recommended Locsin to the Ossorio family, who was planning to build a chapel in Negros.
Unfortunately, when Frederic Ossorio left for the United States, the plans for the chapel were canceled.However, in 1955, then University of the Philippines, DilimanCatholicChaplain, Fr. John Delaney, S.J.
commissioned Locsin to design a chapel that is open and can easily accommodate 1,000 people.
The Church of the Holy Sacrifice is the first round chapel in the Philippines with the altar in the middle,
and the first to have a thin shell concrete dome. The floor of the church was designed by Arturo Luz, the
stations of the cross by Vicente Manansala and Ang Kiukok, and the cross by Napoleon Abueva, all of
whom are now National Artists. Alfredo L. Juinio served as the building's structural engineer. Today, the
church is recognized as a National Historical Landmark and a Cultural Treasure by the National Historical
Institute and the National Museum respectively.
In his visit to the United States, he met some of his influences, Paul Rudolph and Eero Saarinen. It was
then he realized to use concrete, which was relatively cheap in the Philippines and easy to form, for his
buildings. In 1969, he completed what is to be his most recognizable work, the Theater of Performing
Arts (Now the Tanghalang Pambansa) of the Cultural Center of the Philippines. The marblefaade of the
building is cantilevered 12 meters from the terrace by huge arching columns at the sides of the building,
giving it the impression of floating. A large lagoon in front of the theatre mirrors the building during
daylight, while fountains are illuminated by underwater lights by nighttime. The building houses four
theaters, a museum of ethnographic and other temporary exhibits, galleries, and a library on Philippine art
and culture. In 1974, Locsin designed the Folk Arts Theater, which is one of the largest single span
buildings in the Philippines with a span of 60 meters. It was completed in only seventy-seven days, in
time for the Miss UniversePageant. Locsin was also commissioned to build the Philippine International
Convention Center, the country's premiere international conference building and the seat of the Vice
Presidency.
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In 1974, he was commissioned to design the Ayala Museum, which housed the Ayala's art collection. It
was known for the juxtaposition of huge blocks to facilitate the interior of the exhibition. Locsin was a
close friend of the Ayalas. Before taking the board examination, he took his apprenticeship at Ayala and
Company (Now the Ayala Corporation) and was even asked to design the f irst building in Ayala Avenue,
and several of their residences. When the collection of the Ayala Museum was moved to its current
location, the original was demolished, with Locsin's permission. The current building was dedicated in
2004, and was designed by the L. V. Locsin and Partners, led by Leandro Y. Locsin, Jr. Most of Locsin's
work has been inside the country, but in 1970, he designed the Philippine Pavilion of theWorld
Expo in Osaka, Japan. His largest single work is the Istana Nurul Iman, the official residence of the Sultan
of Brunei. Locsin also designed some of the buildings at the UP Los Baos campus. The Dioscoro Umali
Hall, the main auditorium, is clearly an example of his distinct architecture, with its large canopy that make
it resemble the main theatre of the CCP. Most of his work is concentrated on the Freedom Park, with the
Student Union Building, once damaged by a fire, the Carillon, the Continuing Education Center and theauditorium. He also designed UPLB's Main Library, SEARCA Residences, and several structures at
the National Arts Center(housing the Philippine High School for the Arts) situated at Mt. Makiling, Los
Baos, Laguna. In 1992, he received the Fukuoka Asian Culture Prize from Fukuoka City.
Locsin's last work, ironically, was also a church in Malaybalay, Bukidnon. Leandro V. Locsin died on Nov
15, 1994 in Makati City. The campus ofDe La Salle-Canlubang, built in 2003 on a land donated by his
family, was named after him.
Works
Churches
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Ozamis City Cathedral, 1960
Manila Memorial Park Chapel, Paranaque, 1965
Doa Corazon L. Montelibano Chapel, Bacolod City, 1965
Church of Saint Andrew, Bel-Air Village, Makati, 1968
Holy Cross Memorial Chapel, Novaliches, 1969
Chapel of St. Alphonsus Ligouri, Magallanes Village, Makati, 1970
Church of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, Teachers Village, Quezon City, 1971
Cadiz Church, Negros Occidental, 1972
St. Joseph the Worker Parish Church, Bacnotan, La Union, 1994
Church of the Monastery of the Transfiguration, Malaybalay, Bukidnon, 1996
Church of the Holy Sacrifice, University of the Philippines, Diliman
Public Buildings
The Tanghalang Maria Makiling of the National Arts Centeris Locsin's neo-vernacular interpretation of the Nipa Hut
Davao International Airport passenger terminal until 2003
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Renovation of the Old Manila International
Airport Terminal, Phase 1, Pasay City, 1972
Design Center of the Philippines, CCP Complex,
Manila, 1974
SEARCA Dormitory, U.P. Los Baos, Laguna, 1974
Fast Food Center, CCP Complex, 1976
Philippine Center for International Trade and
Exhibitions, CCP Complex, Manila, 1976
Davao International Airport Terminal Building, Davao
City, 1980
Rizal Park Amphitheater
Girl Scouts of the Philippines Headquarters, Manila,
1993
Ayala Museum (Demolished)
Complex of Social Welfare Agencies
Population Center
Nutrition Center of the Philippines
Asian Center for Training and Research for Social
Welfare
Cultural Center of the Philippines - Folk Arts Theater
National Arts Center, Mt. Makiling, Los Baos,
Laguna
Cultural Center of the Philippines - Philippine
Center for International Trade and Exhibitions
Cultural Center of the Philippines - Philippine
International Convention Center
Cultural Center of the Philippines - Theatre of
Performing Arts
Expo '70 - Philippine Pavilion
Citibank Makati
Istana Nurul Iman, Brunei Darussalam
Makati Stock Exchange Building
Ninoy Aquino International Airport - Terminal 1
U.P. Diliman - UP Film Institute
U.P. Los Baos - Rizal Memorial Centenary Carillon
U.P. Los Baos - Continuing Education Center
U.P. Los Baos - Dioscoro L. Umali Hall
U.P. Los Baos - Main Library
U.P. Los Baos - SEARCA Dormitory and Hotel
U.P. Los Baos - Student Union Building
Hotels
Davao Insular Hotel, Davao City, 1960
Manila Inter-Continental Hotel, Ayala Avenue, Makati, 1969
Hyatt Regency Hotel
Mandarin Oriental Makati
Manila Hotel (New Building)
Philippine Plaza Hotel
Commercial Buildings
Ayala Building 1, Ayala Ave, Makati, 1958
Filipinas Life Assurance Company Building, Ayala
Asian Reinsurance Pool Building, Legaspi Village,
Makati, 1972
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Avenue, Makati, 1958
Commercial Credit Corporation Building, Buendia
Avenue, Makati, 1962
Integrated Realty Building, Buendia Avenue,
Makati, 1962
Philamlife Company Building, Cagayan de Oro
City, 1963
Sarmiento Building, Ayala Avenue, Makati, 1965
American International Underwriters Building,
Ayala Avenue, Makati, 1965
Sikatuna Building, Ayala Avenue, Makati, 1966
J.M. Tuason Building, Ayala Ave, Makati, 1966
Locsin Building, EDSA, Makati, 1966
Filipinas Life Assurance Co. Building, Iloilo City,
1969
Philippine Bank of Commerce, Ayala Avenue,
Makati, 1969
Magnolia Dairy Products Plant, Aurora
Boulevard, Quezon City, 1969
Amalgamated Building, Makati, 1969
Filipinas Life Assurance Co. Building, Mandaue,
Cebu, 1969
Union Carbide Philippines, Mandaue, Cebu, 1970
Filipinas Life Assurance Co. Building, Naga City,
1970
Filipinas life Assurance Co. Building, Cagayan de
Oro City, 1971
Filipinas Life Executive Center, Mandaue City,
1971
Romago Building, Mandaluyong City, 1971
Filipinas Life Assurance Co. Building, Batangas
City, 1971
Filipinas Life Assurance Co. Building, Dagupan
City, 1971
Philippine Commercial & Industrial Bank Building,
Greenhills, Mandaluyong, 1972
Filipinas Life Assurance Co. Building, Tacloban City,
1976
Filipinas Life Assurance Co. Building, Cabanatuan City,
1976
EEI building, Pasig, Metro Manila, 1978
CanlubangGolf & Country Club, Canlubang, Laguna,
1978
Valle Verde Country Club, Pasig, Metro Manila, 1978
Philippine Commercial & Industrial Bank Building,
Batangas City, 1978
Canlubang Sports Complex, Canlubang, Laguna, 1979
PLDT Building (Ramon Cojuangco Building), Makati
Avenue, Makati, 1982
Greenbelt Square Cinema, Paseo de Roxas, Makati,
1982
Philippine Commercial & Industrial Bank Building,
Makati Avenue, Makati, 1983
Benguet Center, Mandaluyong, Metro Manila, 1983
Island Development Bank, Brunei, 1983
L.V. Locsin Building, Makati Avenue, Makati, 1987
Philippine Commercial & Industrial Bank Tower 2,
Makati Avenue, Makati, 1992
Samba-Likhaan AILM, Quezon City, 1992
Ayala-Laguna Technopark Administration Building, Sta
Rosa, Laguna, 1993
Hi-Cement Administration Building, Norzagaray,
Bulacan, 1994
Business World Publishing Corporation Building, 1994
Bacnotan Cement Plant Administration Building,
Bacnotan, La Union, 1995
Philippine Stock Exchange Plaza, Ayala Ave, Makati,
1995
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Filipinas Life Assurance Co. Building Annex, Ayala
Avenue, Makati, 1972
Filipinas Life Assurance Co. Building, Davao City,
1972
Ayala Triangle Tower one, Ayala Avenue, Makati, 1996
Ayala Avenue Pedestrianization Underpass, Ayala
Avenue, Makati, 1966
Sets forTheatrical Production
Sets for Various Ballets by Ricardo Casell, 1954
Lady Be Good production by Frederico Elizarde, 1954
Noche Buena, CCP Dance Co., 1970
Jewels, CCP Dance Co., 1970
Madame Butterfly, CCP Dance Co., 1972
Lucifer, Martha Graham Dance Co., for its 50th Anniversary Celebration, New York, 1975
Adoration, Martha Graham Dance Co., New York, 1976
Point of Crossing, Martha Graham Dance Co., New York, 1976
Larawan ng Pilipino Bilang Artista, CCP, 1989
La Traviata, CCP, July 1990
Madame Butterfly, CCP 1994
Midsummer Nights Dream, Ballet Philiipines, 1994
Suite for Lindy, from Ballet Philippines Ellias, CCP, 1995
I
nterior Design
Leandro V. Locsin Residence, Forbes Park, Makati, 1963
Locsin Architectural Offices, Edsa, Makati, 1966
Laguna Estate and Development Corp. Office, Makati,
1966
Theater for the Performing Arts, Cultural Center of the
Philippines, Roxas Blvd., Manila, 1969
C.J. Yulo and Sons Executive Offices, Pasong Tamo,
Makati, 1970]]
Philippine Bank of Commerce Executive Suites, Ayala
Avenue, Makati, 1971
U.S.I. Executive Offices, Makati Stock Exchange Building,
Ayala Avenue, Makati 1971
Filipinas Life Assurance Co. (Annex) Executive, Makati,
Nutrition Center of the Philippines, Makati,
1975
Asian Center and Research for Social Welfare,
Makati, 1976
Philippines International Convention Center,
CCP Complex, Manila, 1976
Philippine Plaza Hotel, CCP Complex, Manila,
1976
Manila Hotel, Luneta, Manila, 1976
Locsin Offices, Locsin Building, Ayala Avenue,
Makati, 1989
Supreme Court Building, Taft Avenue, Manila,
1991
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1971
Ayala Corporation Offices and Penthouse, Makati Stock
Exchange Building, Ayala Avenue, Makati, 1972
Leandro V. Locsin Beach House, Puerto Galera, Oriental
Mindoro, 1972
Kodak Philippines Ltd. Offices, Pasong Tamo, Makati, 1974
Ayala Museum Executive Offices, Makati Avenue, Makati,
1974
Population Center, Makati, 1974
French Embassy Headquarters, Makati, 1992
Phinma Group of Companies HRD, Makati,
1994
Hi-Cement Administration Building,
Norzagaray, Bulacan, 1994
Philippine Stock Exchange Plaza, Makati, 1994
Filipinas Heritage Library (formerly Nielsen
Tower), Makati Avenue, Makati, 1996
[edit]Gallery
Cultural Center of the
PhilippinesMain Building
(Tanghalang Pambansa)
The CCP Tanghalang
Pambansa Building was
completed in 1969.
Entrance to the Cultural Center. Cantilevers supporting the
faade of the Cultural Center
Main Building.
The Philippine International
Convention CenterThe Church of the Holy
Sacrifice
Interior of the church
Skylight and triangular frame
that supports the crucifix of
the church.
Student Union Building at
the University of the
The UP Film Center at
theUniversity of the
Now known as the Cine Adarna,
the building was originally
Manila Ninoy Aquino
International
AirportTerminal 1.
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Philippines at Los Baos. Philippines, Diliman. designed to house the UP Film
Institute and the College of Fine
Arts.
Francisco Maosa
Francisco Maosa is a Filipino architect and national artist noted for his
Filipino inspired architectural designs. He designed The Coconut Palace.
Manosa, on May, 2008 built his own Ayala alabang village Bahay Kubo mansion. With only 3 posts or
"haligi", it has 5 one-inch coconut shell doors, 2nd floor, a "silong", Muslim room, sala, and master's
bedroom with a fish pond therein
Famous Works
He has worked on the Tahanang Pilipino at the CCP Complex, the Shrine of Our Lady of Peace at the
corner ofEDSA and Ortigas Avenue, the Mary Immaculate Parish Church in Las Pias City, the
restoration of the historic Las Pias Church, the stations of the Metrorail Transit System orLight Rail
Transit in Manila, the development of the Quezon Memorial Circle inQuezon City; and the development,
restoration, and landscaping ofCorregidor Island. He was a 2004 Gawad CCP Para sa Sining awardee.
Bobby was cited by Asia Week Magazine as one of the seven visionary architects in Asia, an important
testament to his growing international reputation as manifested by projects in Hong Kong, Malaysia,Singapore, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Australia, and the U.S.A.
Aside from managing his firm, he is also active in the lecture circuit. He has delivered numerous lectures
and papers in the top universities in the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Malaysia.
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