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J E W E L L E R S

S p o o n s and F o r k s a r e so ld in a n y

q u a n t i t y r e q u i r e d

S a m p l e s of S p o o n s a n d F o r k s , s h o w i n g d i f f e r e n t p a t t e r n s

s t o c k e d , will be sen t o n a p p r o v a l , if d e s i r e d .

THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL.

O l a n t m u n f o c a l t l j ® a t t k

of Australia ESTABLISHED 1912.

GENERAL BANKING BUSINESS of every description transacted at all branches in the principal cities and towns of Australia,

London <2), and Rabaul. SAVINGS BANK INTEREST 3i per cent, on deposits up to £1,000.

3 per cent, on deposits over £1,000 and not exceeding £1,300.

Savings Bank Agencies are also established at the following:—

Garden Island (Sydney), Naval Depot, Williamstown (Victoria)

H.M.A.S. Tlngira H.M.A.S. Encounter „ Australia „ Swan „ Sydney „ Parramatta „ Melbourne „ Platypus „ Brisbane

JAS. KELL. DENISON HILI.ER Deputy Governor, 1920. governor.

CONTENTS.

I'AG

T h e Wor ld ' s L e a d i n g Fleets - - 3

Sea P o w e r - - - - - 7

Sea C o m m u n i c a t i o n s - 8

W a r W o r k of R . A . N . - -

T h e B o y Scoot - 15

Edi tor ia l N o t e s - 16

T h e N a v y L e a g u e - - 20

I L L U S T R A T I O N S .

A u x i l i a r y Sh ip " G r e a t Br i t a in " 4

A " G I F T " S u b m a r i n e - - 9

Farewel l t o Aus t ra l i a - I I

B a d g e of N a v y L e a g u e Sea Cade t C o r p - - - - - - 20

ROYAL AUSTRALIAN NAVY ( S E A G O I N G )

U ' A N T K D —MK.N. Voi'THM AND HOYS .KOK SKKVICK IX TUB KOYAI. AL'STKAI.I AN X A W .

HKRIOD OK KNOAUKMKNT. -12 y e n f r o m d a l e of e n t r y lor f r o m nice of IX if *nlMequcnt to entry!.

VACA.NVIK* exint for lioy* b e t w e e n t t | a n d Hi yean*, t o be t r a i n e d in H M A. Tra in inK S h i p " T i n g i r a " (Sydney) as S e a m e n . S i g n a l m e n . Te legraph i s t* . W r i t e r - , o r for Yict na i l i ng Hranch .

VA« AXCIKM ex i s t for Men a n d Y o u t h - b e t w e e n the fo l lowing a g e » : -

M m . Skips' Cesks II l« IS yean Jstners. Painters. Blacksmiths. rinmbrrs II Is 21 .. Artificers (Fltten and Tarners. Instru-

ment-maken. Coppersmiths. Seller-maken. ele.) aad SklpwrlphH 211*21 ..

Sick Berth Stilt II I* 22 .. Officers' Cock* and Stewards II yean upwards

Appl ica t ion to bo m a d e to t h e noaruxt Dis t r ic t (or Sub-Dis t r i c t ) N a v a l Officer. Area Ofltecr. o r d i r r e t to t h e R e c r u i t i n g OIBecr, L iverpool Bui ld ing*, c o r n e r Hourkc a n d W i l l i a m S t ree t s . M e l b o u r n e , f r o m w h o m fu l l p a r t i c u l a r - in r e g a r d t o pay. condi t ion of e n t r y , p romot ion , e tc . . m a y be o b t a i n e d .

A. M. TRKACY. SeertUry, /V//. of tht X*vy.

Telephone 1443 City. Established 1864.

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* THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL

M E R C A N T I L E M U T U A L I N S U R A N C E

C O M P A N Y L I M I T E D

S i r r c t o r * :

A. E. JAQUES, Chairman.

C C GALE. [. M. ATKINSON. THEO. J. MARKS.

FIRE, MARINE. A C C I D E N T and SICKNESS,

W O R K M E N ' S COMPENSATION, BOILER

EXPLOSION, M O T O R CAR, PUBLIC RISK

and P L A T E G L A S S INSURANCE.

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Cash Bonus to Policy Holders Every Year.

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KELSO KING. MANAGER.

I

The N&vy L e a g u e Journa l NEW SOUTH WALES BRANCH.

V O L I . N o . 6 . S V D N E Y , S E I T K M H K K , 1 9 2 0 . P K I C K , 0I>.

T H E W O R L D ' S LEADING FLEETS.

If the s t rength of a fleet may be determined by the number of capital ships of the first class which it |x>ssesses, wri tes Mr . Archibald l l u r d , in the Illustrated London Nnvs, the United Sta tes N'avv will hold p remier place among the navies of the world as soon as the large and costly p rog ramme of ship cons t ruc-tion now being carr ied out has been completed. The late S i r Wil l iam Whi te , Director of Naval Construct ion at the Admira l ty , held that dis-placement. in association with age, consti tuted a fairly reliable basis fo r j udg ing the relative lighting values of ships. If tha t conclusion l>e applied to the naval si tuation which is now developing, we are con f ron ted with changes in the s tanding of the great navies of the world, the wide-sweeping consequences of which have not yet been apprecia ted in this country, fo r it must become apparen t that "on | » p e r " the United S ta tes will, in the nex t few years, have supplanted this country as the first Naval Power .

W h a t has happened? In the first place, the fleets of Germany , A u s t r i a - H u n g a r y , and Russia have ceased to e x i s t ; they have been, to all intents and purposes , swept out of exist-ence, leaving only th ree navies of any conse-quence in E u r o p e a n wa te r s—the French , the

Ital ian, and, greatest of all. the Brit ish. Nei ther F rance nor Italy has laid down a capi-tal sh ip f o r six o r seven years , and none of thei r exis t ing vessels of this type is conse-quently fully effective. N o similar unit ha -lieen begun f o r the British Meet since the spr ing of 1916, when the great bat t le-cruiser batt le ship, H . M . S . " H o o d . " of 41.200 tons displacement, was ordered f r o m Messrs . John Hrown and Co.. being of nearly twice the dis-placement of the " Q u e e n El izabe th" and her sister ships. About the same t ime three o ther ships of similar design were laid down, but when the Armist ice came, the Admira l ty , u rged t o a course of economy, decided to break u p the incomplete hulls and destroy all the mater ia l which hail a l ready been p r e | » r e d f o r them. T h e r e is little doubt tha t the Naval au thor i t ies would have l>een bet ter advised if they had not taken this decision, since these ships would have a f fo rded employment fo r a large n u m b e r of skilled men d u r i n g indus t ry ' s t ransi t ion f r o m the condit ions of w a r to those of peace, and would have resulted in the Royal Navy obtaining in due course valuable accessions of s t rength . As it is, the labour and mater ia l which had been put into these vessels mus t have represented a complete loss of several million pounds. T h e r e is no th ing

12 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL.

to show for that money, whereas if the con-s t ruct ion of the ships had cont inued we should not have l>een face to face in a few years ' t ime with a naval si tuation which will certainly not conduce to the main tenance of the pres t ige of the Rrit ish people by sea. and will deal a blow at o u r national pride, which is more concerned with the s t rength of the Rri t ish I'"leet than with anyth ing else. T h e Admira l ty acted with the best possible intent ion, wish ing to give a lead in the reduct ion of naval a rmamen t s , and at the same t ime to convince Rritish t axpayers that it was doing all in its power to cut down the N a v y Votes.

T h e action of the Navy Depar tment of the

Un i t ed S ta te s provides a r emarkab le contras t to the steps taken bv the British Naval au thor i -ties. W h e n the Armis t ice w a s concluded, there were 18 capital ships nominal ly under cons t ruc t ion in the Un i t ed Sta tes , besides mam-other units, including 10 scout-cruisers . Very little p rogress had been m a d e on the scout-cruisers , and of the 12 batt leships, f o u r had not then been laid down, though Congress had au thor i sed thei r const ruct ion. Similarly, not one of the six bat t le-cruisers had been begun. In spite of the Armist ice , and in spite of Presi-den t Wi l son ' s fo rmula t ion of the ideal of a League of Nat ions , it was de te rmined to con-t inue the const m e t ion of all these ships, a s

well as the destroyers , submarines , and auxi l ia ry vessels con templa t ed ; and Mr . Josephus Daniels, the Secre ta ry of the Navy , even projiosed that a large addi t ional p ro -g ramme, provid ing fo r tf> more capital shi|>s, should lie immediately taken in hand, in o rde r that the Amer ican Fleet might lie placed in a position "second to none ." T h i s ambi t ious projec t was a b a n d o n e d ; but . in opposi t ion to the |M)licy adopted by the Rritish Admira l ty , it was decided to ca r ry to complet ion all the vessels lo which Congress had already assented.

T h e r e is a general agreement a m o n g the Naval author i t ies of the wor ld that , in spite of

the development of the submar ine , and the advent of a i r c r a f t — n o t fo rge t t ing the torpedo-car ry ing aeroplane of high speed—the capital ship is not dead. In tha t conclusion, the Japanese and Amer icans a re in agreement with the Rrit ish Roard of Admira l ty . " I n o u r opinion," the Admira l ty has announced, " the capital ship remains the unit on which sea-p o w e r is built up. So f a r f r o m the late w a r having shown that the capital ship is doomed, it has. on the cont ra ry , p roved , " it is definitely asser ted , " t he necessity f o r the type. . . . T h e past h is tory of this quest ion mus t be taken into accoun t ; many t imes has the doom of the bat t leship been pronounced . His to ry has

The " G R E A T BRITAIN" (Sail and Steam 1.

THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL. 13

shown that the in t roduct ion of a type to de-stroy the capital ship has been quickly followed by the evolution of coun te r -measures which sustain i ts p o w e r . "

There is also a consensus of opinion that capitaI ships carrying 12-incli guns, or guns of lower caJibrc, can no longer be regarded as effective fighting units. T h a t explains the re-cent action of the Admi ra l ty in s t r ik ing off the effective list the f o u r battleships, "Ag incou r t , " "Be l le rophon ," " D r e a d n o u g h t , " and " S u p e r b , " as well as the two bat t le-cruisers , " Inf lex ib le" and " Indomi tab le . " T h e Bri t i sh Fleet of the |Mjst-war period consists exclusively of ships mount ing 13.5- inch guns , or guns of even greater power , such as t h e 15-inch guns carr ied in the five " ( Jueen Klizabeths" anil five "Roya l Sovereigns ." and in the " R e n o w n " and "Re-pulse" and the recently completed " H o o d . " As a result of this policy, the Rritish Meet has a l ready been reduced to an effective s t rength of 23 batt leships. Twelve of these a r e a r m e d with the 13.5 gun . and o n e — t h e " C a n a d a " — with the 14-inch gun . and it requires no gif t of prophecy to foretell that within three or fou r years these vessels will IK- regarded as obsolescent, a l though not obsolete. Many of them have, indeed, a l ready been placed in re-serve. and the active fo rces which are n o w being ma in t a ined—the At lan t ic and the Medi-te r ranean Mee t s—arc composed, in the main, of ships mount ing the 15-inch g u n , which may IK- regarded as the s t anda rd wea|>on of the Rritish service in the immedia te fu tu r e . A similar process of el imination will reduce the number of ou r effect ive bat t le-cruisers to th ree—the " H o o d . " the " R e n o w n , " and the "Repulse , " wi th the " T i g e r , " " P r i n c e s s Roval" ami "I . ion," all a rmed with the 13.5-incii gun, in reserve. In these c i rcumstances , the first line of the Rritish Fleet will consist in a f ew yea r s of 10 batt leships and three bat t le-cruisers , and n o new vessels a r e being const ructed to replace those which mus t in-evitably lie wr i t t en off the effective list.

Naval progress in the great Republic, which we in th is coun t ry wa tch with in teres t , but without anxie ty , provides a remarkab le con-trast to tire policy of severe economy in naval a r m a m e n t s which has been adopted by the Rritish Roard of Admira l ty . Acco rd ing lo the latest r e t u r n of the Bureau of Cons t ruc -tion and Repai r of the Uni ted S t a ' c s Navy Depar tment , the fo l lowing capital ships, in addi t ion to 10 scout-cruisers , 109 des t roye r s

52 submar ines , and a large number of auxi l iary vessels, a r e being pressed to complet ion.

BATTLESHIPS. Tons. KHOII. Armament

.'3 1J lO-in., 166-in.

21 816-in., 14 5-in.

J I u 14 - in . , 14 5 - i n .

BATTLE-CRUISERS. Lexington Constellation Saratoga I 40.000 35 8 10-in., 14 5-in. Hanger J (almut) Constitution I Cnited States

W h e n these capital ships have l>een com-pleted. in vessels of the first class the Uni ted S ta tes N a v y will take rank above the Rrit ish Navy .

It would, however , be a mis take to rush to the conclusion that the activity which is being exhibi ted by the United S ta tes at this junc-tu re is well advised. It is probable that th ree or f o u r years hence, when all the Amer ican capital ships a re completed, the naval au thor i -ties of the wor ld , hav ing thoroughly digested the lessons of the war , will have reached the conclusion tha t ships like those now lieiug built in Amer ican y a r d s a re no longer fully effect ive. T h e Admi ra l ty lias let it lie known tha t while it is convinced that the bat t leship mus t remain the principal unit , and that Fleet tact ics and tactical t ra in ing mus t lie carrieil out with the batt le squadron as the main uni t , "it mus t be emphasised that , a l though the bat t leship remains , its type may requi re to be a l te red ." Rea r -Admi ra l S i r A l f r e d Chatfield confessed the o ther day that , if the Admira l ty were to lay down a new capital ship in the immedia te f u t u r e , she would not resemble the " H o o d . " T h e r e is good reason to ant ic ipate that , if the necessity ar ises fo r s t reng then ing the Rrit ish Fleet , the Roard of Admi ra l ty will in t roduce several revolu t ionary f ea tu r e s of design, se t t ing new fash ions in naval a r m a -ment s and thus deprec ia t ing the value of all the ships cons t ruc ted b e f o r e the var ied lessons of the naval war , in which, fo r the first t ime, mines, submar ines , and a i r c r a f t had a par t , had been thoroughly assimilated, and the new

Indiana \ Iowa I Massachusetts I 43-W Montana j North Carolina . . . . I South Dakota J West Virginia 1 Washington 1.3-'.°<*> Maryland I Colorado ' California » 3-'.ooo Tennessee I

12 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL.

P. & o. ROYAL MAIL STEAMERS

To CEYLON, INDIA, EGYPT, M E D I T E R R A N E A N P O R T S

and LONDON.

First a n d Second Sa loon O n l y .

L U X U R I O U S 16,000 T O N S STEAMERS. CABINS DE LUXE.

ELECTRIC LIFTS.

F o r F a r e s a n d all f u r t h e r par t iculars a p p l y t o

MACDONALD, HAMILTON & CO. A G E N T S

Tel. City 6321. Union House, 247 George Street, Sydney.

THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL. 13

theor ies given pract ical f o r m . A n d , lastly, g rea te r than the ships a re the men and the t radi t ions they have i nhe r i t ed ; the Uni ted S ta tes N a v y is despera te ly shor t of men. and that shor tage will probably increase r a the r than diminish.

RELATIVE NAVAL STRENGTH—1924. BRITISH. AMERICAN.

First-class Battleships— Class . (15- in . Runs.) Class. (10-in. Runs »

Queen Elizabeth.. 5 Indiana 6 Royal Sovereign.. 5 Washington 4

Second-class Battleships— (13.5-In. RIIIIS.) (14-in. RUNS.)

Iron Duke 4 California 2 King George V. . . 3 New Mexico 3 Orion 4 Pennsylvania 2 Erin 1 ()klahoma 2 Canada* 1 New York 2

13 11 •Tin- " C n n a d a " mounts 14-in. and not 13.5-in. guns .

First-class Battle-Cruisers— (15-in. Runs.) (16-in. Runs )

Hood 1 Lexington 6 Renown 2 —

3 « Second-class Battle-Cruisers—

' (13.5-in. Runs.)

Tiger 1 Lion 2

BRITISH. AMERICAN.

First-class Capital Ships 13 16 Second-class Capital Ships . . . . 16 11 I11 1924: France will have no battleships of the first

class (15-in. or 16-in. guns), but may have 8 of the second class (13.4-in. guns). She will possess no battle-cruisers.

In 1024: Italy will have no battleships of the first class, since it is unlikely that she will complete the four vessels laid down in 1914, work on which was arrested by the war. She will have none of the second class and no battle-crui-scrs.

In 1024: Japan will possess 2 battleships of the first class, and 4 of the second class, as well as 4 second-class battle-cruisers (14-in. guns).

R E N E W TO-DAY.

Fellows and Members, whose Annual Subscrip-tion is overdue, are invited to forward a cheque or postal note to the Hon. Treasurer.

A D M I R A L B E A T T Y ON SEA P O W E R . Sea supremacy is a heritage for which our fathers

have fought for hundreds of years, and its preser-vation is as vital to the security of our scattered Empire to-day as it was to the island kingdom in the days of Drake. Any interference with the flow of shipping by the sea tb toagh the sea routes which cut us from the oi tlying portions of the Empire would be fatal. We have to ensure that these arteries are afforded right and proper protection and not leave them temptingly exposed to sever-ance by anyone who, in time of stress, excitement, or with malice aforethought, desires to destroy them. There is nothing of a military character in such a precaution. It is the common instinct of self-preservation It is our insurance that the Empire exists as an Empire, and is not dismem-bered limb by limb from the body and heart of the Empire, which is in this island. In our loathing of armaments and our vivid recollection of all the misery that was wrought in the last years, we must not be beguiled into the belief that if we live in peace we must leave our vitals unguarded and at the mercy of any enemy that may arise The history of the British Navy acquits it of all

taint of aggression, and is sufficient guarantee that its power will be exercised in the future as in the past, for the benefit and security of all those who use the sea. The war has made such a great strain upon the Empire as to leave us in a condition of financial distress, and our expenditure must of necessity be confined to only what is absolutely necessary. The Navy has been reduced to the lowest limits that prudence demands. There has been no new construction, but ships are subject not only to decay but to a virulent type of the disease of obsolescence. Progress in science, technique, and ingenuity combine to threaten the life of a man-of-war. In the spheres of science and experimental work the Navy is better equipped to-day than it has ever been. With our efforts ex-tended in that direction we can afford to delay construction by assimilating and co-ord ins ting all the lessons of the war, so that when the time does come such efforts and money as should be ex-pended should be expended in the wisest direction. With the disappearance of the German Fleet we are released from that intolerable burden of com-petitive building, but we have to bear in mind that the day will come when our veteran ships must be replaced, and that under our present financial conditions a very little is going to cost a great deal. Without sea powzr we Jail to exist. I would that those words would sink deep into the heart of every man and woman in the British Empire. We came into being by the sea, we exist by the sea, and during the late war it was the sea and the gallant merchant seamen who enabled this country to be fed.

14 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL. IS

SEA COMMUNICATIONS: THEIR V A L U E A N D PROTECTION.

T H I S E S S A Y , W K I T T K N IIV K K I T H I U N C A N , OK T I I K T K C H N I C A I . H I O I I S I IH»>I . ,

S V D N F . V . O A I N K I J SKCONIL I ' K I Z K IN T I I K L K A O U K ' S K K C K N T G I M H K T I T I O M .

S e a C o m m u n i c a t i o n s ! W h a t v i s t a s o f b e a u t y t h e w o r i l i tself i m m e d i a t e l y ca l l s t o m i n d ! A c r o s s " t h a t i n w a r d e y e " v i s i o n s o f t h e g r e a t r o l l i n g o c e a n s , w h i c h , in t h e l a n g u a g e o f C o r n f o r d , " m « y h e c o m p a r e d w i t h a w i d e c o m m o n o r d e s e r t , U|KIII w h i c h e v e r y o n e m a y w a n d e r a t w i l l . " i m m e d i a t e l y Mil. S h i p s of all k i n d s a n d s izes , l i v i n g t h e l iags o f t h e v a r i o u s n a t i o n s of t h i s , o u r w o n d e r f u l w o r l d , o r c h u r n -i n g t h e i r w a y t h r o u g h t h e i c e - l a d e n sea> of t h e f a r X o r t h , t h e t r e a c h e r o u s a n d s t o r m y s e a s o f t h e P>ay of B i s c a y , o r t h e c a l m , s e m i - p c l l u c i d w a t e r s o f t h e t r o p i c s , m a y r e a d i l y b ? c o n c e i v e d by o u r i m a g i n a t i o n . Mm a l t h o u g h s o l i e a u t e o u s in t h e m s e l v e s , t h e s e s h i p s r e p r e s e n t t h e les -i i lea l i s t ic s ide o f o u r l i v e s — t h e b u s y , h u s t l i n g , m o n e y - m a k i n g s i d e — t h e o n e w h i c h , a l a s ! c l a i m s so m u c h o f o u r a t t e n t i o n in th i s , t h e t w e n t i e t h c e n t u r y ; b u t it i s t h i s s i d e w h i c h w e m u s t n o w c o n s i d e r , l - r o m , a n d t o w a r d s w h a t l a n d s a r e al l t h e s e s h i p s c o m i n g an i l g o i n g ? W h y t h e g r e a t p r e p o n d e r a n c e o f B r i t i s h s h i p s in al l c o m e r s of t h e g l o b e ? I .e t u s l<»ok i n t o t h e b e g i n n i n g o f t h i s g r e a t c o m m e r c i a l a c t i v i t y , a n d p e r h a p s w e sha l l d i s c o v e r a t leas t s o m e o f t h e c a u s e s w h i c h b r o u g h t a lmii t t h i s s t a t e o f a f f a i r s .

P e r h a p s in al l h i s t o r y n o p h a s e i s m o r e in-t e r e s t i n g t h a n t h a t o f t h e fifteenth a n d s ix -t e e n t h c e n t u r i e s — " t h e g r e a t e s t e r a o f geo -g r a p h i c a l d i s c o v e r y " — d u r i n g w h i c h E u r o p e l e a r n e d of t h e e x i s t e n c e o f t w o g r e a t c o n -t i n e n t s — A m e r i c a a n d A u s t r a l i a — a n d b e c a m e m u c h m o r e f a m i l i a r w i t h A s i a . W h a t c a u s e d t h i s g r e a t a c t i v i t y in e x p l o r a t i o n ? S i m p l y o n a c c o u n t of t h e d e s i r e f o r " s p i c e s " — a p u r e l y c o m m e r c i a l r e a s o n . S p i c e s m e a n t a g r e a t d e a l t o t h e p e o p l e of t h a t t i m e , s i n c e it w a s t h e o n l y p r e s e r v a t i v e f o r f o o d t h e n k n o w n , a n d so a c o n s t a n t a n d p r o f i t a b l e t r a d e h a d b e e n c a r -r i e d o n f o r c e n t u r i e s b e t w e e n t h e E a s t — t h e h o m e of t h e s e s p i c e s — a n d t h e W e s t — t h e e v e r -e a g e r p u r c h a s e r of t h e m . T h e s e s u p p l i e s w e r e b r o u g h t o v e r l a n d f r o m t h e M o l u c c a s , a l o n g c a r a v a n r o u t e s t o t h e l e v a n t , w h e r e s u c h m a r i -t i m e S t a t e s a s V e n i c e , p u r c h a s e d , a n d a f t e r -w a r d s d i s t r i b u t e d t h e m o v e r W e s t e r n E u r o p e .

I ' l i t w h e n t h e T u r k s o v e r r a n t h i s c a r a v a n r o u t e . l '*uro | ieans w e r e f o r c e d t<> seek others . -V a s c o <la ( i a i n a , in I4<>S. s u c c e s s f u l l y r o u n d e d t h e C'a|*- o f ( ioo i l H o p e . C o l u m b u s e n -d e a v o u r e d t o r e a c h t h e E a s t by sa i l i ng w e s t -w a r d s . a n d on h i - d i s c o v e r y t h a t A m e r i c a lay in b i s p a t h , n u m e r o u s e n d e a v o u r s w e r e m a d e hy h i s c o u n t r y m e n t o sa i l , f i rs t r o u n d ( h e S o u t h , a n d l a t e r r o u n d t h e N o r t h o f i t : a n d . finally, a t t e m p t s w e r e e v e n m a d e t o r e a c h t h e I n d i e s by s a i l i n g r o u n d Euro |>e t o t h e N o r t h . A n d so . e v e n a s e a r l y a s t h e fifteenth c e n t u r y , it w a s v e r y a d v a n t a g e o u s t o h a v e a s e a - b o a r d — f u r l lu E u r o p e a n c o u n t r i e s , so a - t o lie a b l e t o s h a r e in t h e l u c r a t i v e sp ice t r a d e ; a n d f o r t h e u n d i s c o v e r e d l a n d s , t o r e n d e r v e r y p r o b -a b l e t h e i r d i s c o v e r y by E u r o j i e a n s . f r o m w h o m t h e y w o u l d l e a r n t h e m u l t i f a r i o u s a r t s of c i v i l i z a t i o n .

W e shal l n o w see h o w K n g l a n d took a l ead -i n g ro l e in t h i s n e w l y - b o r n , w o r l d - w i d e t r a d e , a n d h o w . a s a r e s u l t , s h e bu i l t u p t h e g r e a t e s t c o l o n i a l e m p i r e o f al l t i m e s . A s M a h a n ] m i n t s o u t . " E n g l a n d , u n l i k e E r a n e e , r e c e i v e d l i t t le f r o m N a t u r e , a n d u n t i l h e r m a n u f a c t u r e s w e r e e s t a b l i s h e d , s h e h a d l i t t le t o ex |>or t . I l e r m a n y w a n t s f a v o u r e d m a r i t i m e e n t e r p r i s e , a n d led h e r j i eop le a b r o a d . " A t first, h o w e v e r , s h e hai l a v e r y u p h i l l fight, f o r S p a i n a n d P o r t u g a l w e r e a l r e a d y firmly e s t a b l i s h e d in t h e N e w W o r l d , a n d l>oth j e a l o u s l y g u a r d e d al l t r a d e l i e tween t h i s N e w a n d t h e ( ) l d W o r l d s : b u t t h e w e a l t h w h i c h f o r y e a r s p o u r e d i n t o t h e s e t w o c o u n t r i e s f r o m o v e r t h e s e a s w a s s o f a b u l o u s in a m o u n t t h a t E n g l a n d )>erscvered . a n d t h r o u g h h e r f a v o u r a b l e s i t u a t i o n , a n d t h e in-d o m i t a b l e d o g g e d n e s s of h e r s a i l o r s , s h e m a n -a g e d t o b u i l d l ip a g r e a t e r t r a d e w i t h h e r d o m i n i o n s t h a n S p a i n a n d P o r t u g a l c o m b i n e d e n j o y e d f r o m t h e i r s .

T o a s s i s t in t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f t h i s t r a d e . E n g l a n d t o o k j m s s e s s i o n of m a n y |>orts a n d h a r b o u r s in d i s t a n t c o u n t r i e s , a n d a l t h o u g h s h e n e v e r , a t a n y t i m e , s e t o u t w i t h t h e d e -l i b e r a t e i n t e n t i o n o f b u i l d i n g u p a n E m p i r e , y e t t h e s e t r a d i n g s t a t i o n s d e v e l o p e d i n t o co lon i e s . T h e y w e r e t h e r e s u l t of a s t e a d y e x -p a n s i o n in t r a d e , a n d t h e p e c u l i a r g e n i u s t h e

14 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL. IS

Knglish possess f o r colonizing. Of course . Kng land w a s qui te consc ious of this g r o w t h , a n d was , on the whole, not ave r se to it. " M e n of t he past t h r e e cen tu r i e s have keenly fel t the va lue t o the M o t h e r l a n d of colonies, a s a n ou t -let f o r the h o m e p roduc t s , and a s a n u r s e r y f o r c o m m e r c e a n d sh ipp ing . " Bacon, wi th his g rea t s to re of wor ldly wi sdom, recognised the va lue of these newly-d i scovered sea - rou tes , f o r he |M>intedly r e m a r k s . " C o m m e r c i a l en t e rp r i s e doubt less fac i l i t a tes colonizat ion, hy f u r n i s h i n g a ready m e a n s f o r t r a n s f e r r i n g all super -a b u n d a n t popu la t ion t o fo re ign c o u n t r i e s . "

T h i s leads us to a n o t h e r i m p o r t a n t ques t ion — t h e pro tec t ion of these sh ips as they sail the va r ious seas. It is most significant to no te that t he Span i sh E m p i r e neve r p r o d u c e d a S|wilisl l Mercan t i l e Mar ine , and th is is un-doub ted ly one of the chief r easons of he r d o w n f a l l . Kngland . on the o t h e r hand , has a l w a y s recognised how absolu te ly essent ia l it is to e x p a n d hei N a v y wi th eve ry expans ion in he r m e r c h a n t fleet. Right t h r o u g h the S t u a r t pe r iod the X a v v was c a r e f u l l y fos-t e red . a n d w h e n Pa r l i amen t took c h a r g e of it. " t h e H o u s e s vied wi th each o t h e r in e x t e n d i n g the sea -power of E n g l a n d , a n d in keep ing it eff ic ient ." W h e r e not possible o r inadvisable t o f o u n d colonies. Kngland h a s es tab l i shed at least p o r t s of call, a n d t h e w i s d o m of this policy is d e m o n s t r a t e d by the envy wi th which o t h e r na t ions look upon F.ngland 's possess ion of such s t a t ions a s G ib ra l t a r . Ma l t a , and Por t Sa id .

Rut t he possession of such colonies, the g rea t m a j o r i t y of wh ich a r e i s lands o r penin-sulas . a n d be ing t h u s sca t t e r ed t h r o u g h o u t the length a n d b r e a d t h of t he wor ld , is not with-ou t its d i s advan t ages . It en ta i l s t he m a i n t e n -a n c e of a h u g e fleet, f o r which Kngland has been obliged t o spend mil l ions of p o u n d s every yea r . T h i s w a s recent ly b r o u g h t h o m e to us by the H o m e G o v e r n m e n t in its rea l i sa t ion that the s t r a teg ic cen t r e of the wor ld h a s s h i f t e d f r o m the At l an t i c to t he Pacif ic O c e a n , s end ing o n e of h e r mos t expe r i enced nava l officers ( A d m i r a l I -ord Je l l i coe) to e x a m i n e the con-d i t ions p r eva l en t in t he colonies b o r d e r i n g on t h i s mos t w o n d e r f u l ocean . T h e sacrif ices of A u s t r a l i a in t he g rea t w a r so recent ly t e r -mina t ed ent i t les h e r to n a t i o n h o o d , a n d she is n o w looked u p o n bv E n g l a n d , no t a s a d a u g h t e r colony, a s of yo re , bu t a s a s is ter na t ion . T h i s pr iv i lege a n d h o n o u r na tu ra l ly

.enta i ls m a n y responsibi l i t ies , o n e of which is t h e d e f e n c e of i ts h u g e coas t - l ine . L o r d

Jel l icoe. hav ing di l igent ly s tud ied t he preva i l -ing conditi<ins a n d faci l i t ies of the va r ious l>orts, issued a deta i led repor t of his invest iga-t ion, and g a v e n u m e r o u s sugges t ions a s t o t he va r ious f u n c t i o n s to in* c a r r i e d ou t by the d i f fe ren t jK>rts, and of the n u m b e r of ships he cons ide r s it l iehoves us to ma in t a in , so as to t a k e o u r ful l s h a r e in the p re se rva t ion of the g rea tes t and most g lo r ious of all E m p i r e s — t h e h u g e and e x e m p l a r y Rri t ish E m p i r e .

In |>assing. it may l>e advisab le to see h e w o u r m o d e r n Navy o r ig ina ted . C o r n f o r d tells us how f o r m e r l y " t h e m e r c h a n t s e a m a n anil N'avy man were very o f t e n the same, se rv ing ind isc r imina te ly in e i ther se rv ice , " f o r all m e r -c h a n t m e n at that l ime m o u n t e d g u n s , and k n e w ful l well how to use them. Rut e x p e r i e n c e t augh t us that it was l iet ter to h a v e a N'avy. and m e r e t r a d e r s , than a r m e d m e r c h a n t m e n , so f r o m th is mercan t i l e m a r i n e o u r m o d e r n X a v y slowly evolved , unti l t o -day the t w o a r e qui te d is t inc t . Rut t he N a v y has never ceased to d r a w , in t ime of need , f r o m this supply of men , " s h r e w d of eye. su re of h a n d , and as tough-bod ied as o u r f a m o u s Knglish o a k . " Sea c o m m u n i c a t i o n s , because of the inevi table r e s u l t — c o m m e r c e — a r c t h u s most valuable in t r a i n i n g such a class of men . ti|>on w h o m a c o u n t r y m a y rely in all cr ises , anil w h o m a k e the c r u s h i n g of the i r nat ion at a s ingle blow impossible.

L e t us n o w t u r n to the r e a l m s of h i s to ry , a n d see what va lue h a s lieen placed upon the jmssession of a sea l ioard. T a k e P e t e r the ( i r ea t of Russ ia . < hie of t he grea tes t ambi t ions of b is l i fe was to ob ta in f o r Russ ia sea j ior ts . wh ich , unl ike Archange l , would l>e perennia l ly f r e e f r o m ice. H e sacrif iced t h o u s a n d s of his sub j ec t s ' lives, ami t h o u s a n d s of pounds , to wres t , a f t e r g rea t reverses , the Raltic P ro -vinces f r o m the i l lus t r ious Cha r l e s X I I . of S w e d e n . T a k e a m o r e recent e x a m p l e : W h a t un res t , s t ra ined re la t ions , a n d a n x i o u s mo-m e n t s h a s t he c l a sh ing of A u s t r i a ' s " D r a n g nach O s t e n , " a n d Se rb i a ' s " g r e a t e r S e r b i a n i d e a " oc c a s ione d ! W e look upon o u r sea p o r t s as m o r e o r less a m a t t e r of fac t , but it is w h e n a c o u n t r y finds h e r s e l f , a s Se rb ia did, s h u t off f r o m all seas, tha t she real ises t he va lue of a coas t l ine , n o m a t t e r h o w p o o r its p o r t s m a y be. A n d jus t a s A u s t r i a enac ted u n j u s t pr iv i leges f r o m Se rb i a , f o r sh ipp ing tha t c o u n t r y ' s pigs, so F r e d e r i c k t he Grea t of P r u s s i a a n d his successor s d id f r o m Po land , f o r a l lowing its traffic t o flow t h r o u g h the m o u t h of t h e river Vi s tu l a , wh ich they h a d

12 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL.

stolen f r o m the Poles themselves. For tun -ately , the delegates of the late Peace Confe r -ence at Versailles remedied " these long-stand-ing d i sorders , " by mater ia l is ing the long-cher ished hope of the Serbians , and placing a new s ta te—Jugo-S lav ia—on the map of luirojx.', and giving it an admirable coast l ine; and by internat ional is ing the great t rade cen t re Danzig, in East Pruss ia , t hus f r ee ing Polish t rade f r o m the n u m e r o u s h indrances and im-pediments which Prussia had placed in its way.

Ano the r most s t r ik ing instance of the value of sea communica t ion can be found on study-ing the F ranco -P rus s i an W a r . H a d Paris, instead of being an inland capital , been a >ea-|x»rt. it could have been relieved dur ing the great siege of 1X71. liecause of France 's suj>erior navy. T h i s would have given France an oppor tun i ty of collecting and reorganis ing her shat tered forces , and render ing the victory of the ( i e rmans more d o u b t f u l — a t all event -less decisive.

W e now come to the chief reason why these o f t -men t ioned sea communica t ions a re so valu-able. and, s t range to say. il can l»e summed u p in a few w o r d s : It is because each country has g rown , and is still g rowing , more and more de|>endcnt on the goods it impor ts f ront o ther countr ies fo r its livelihood. If a country is comparat ively y o u n g in civilisation, raw ma-terials a re general ly ready to hand , whereas in such count r ies as Kngland, m a n u f a c t u r e s a re firmly established, and so it is profi table to both old ami young to expor t their own pro-duc ts and import those of ano the r country . T h u s countr ies a r e g r o w i n g more and more dependent on each o ther as t ime goes o n ; for example , wha t an a w f u l dislocation in the a f fa i r s of the whole wor ld the late war c r ea t ed ! C o r n f o r d sums u p the si tuat ion by saying. " E v e r y t h i n g that the ea r th produces is sent in ships f r o m one point of the world to ano ther . In the course of t ime the j»eoples separa ted f r o m one ano the r bv sea have become so dej>endent upon one ano the r fo r obta ining food, m a n u f a c t u r e s , and mater ia ls fo r m a n u f a c t u r e s that if the sea were shut to thei r ships, millions of people would s ta rve and die ," while a r emark equally significant can be ga thered f r o m M a h a n : " F o r m e r l y only the luxur ies , but now also the necessit ies of l ife, whe the r the f r u i t s of the ear th or the p roduc t s of men ' s hands , come f r o m other countr ies ."

I n concluding, w e might touch lightly on

the rivals of wa te r -ca r r i age—the over land, car r ied out by means of the locomotive, and the aet ial . by means of aeroplanes and air-ships. Al though both of these a re more rapid than water t ransi t , both are. as a whole, in-fer ior . T h e over land is much more ex|>ensivc. while the aeroplane, dr iven by petrol, is even more so. Until petrol can be purchased fo r a fa r cheaper sum. or until we discover a means < f p r o f i l i n g airships, o ther than by jjetrol. the a i r will never seriously rival the wate r as a means of t rans i t .

"Oi l the sea our destiny lies"—for a brief period only. I'he not fur distant future will provide huge fleets of mammoth airships and the 16 inch gun warships of to-day will indeed be obsolete.

Sea battles and land liattles as known to us will be 110 more. When war «<»mes. tin- weakly defended nation will lie intimidated f»om the air and will suffer a morale eclipse owing to persistent attacks on the civil population by a remorseless and more highly equipped opponent.

The object of the attacking nation will be to im-pose its will on the attacked quickly and with as little trouble as possible and with comparatively slight loss of life on either side.

T h e B e h m i n g P l a y e r P i a n o gives t o every member of the f a m i l y no t o n l y the privi lege of l is tening t o beau t i fu l m u s i c , b u t t h e k e e n e s t p e r s o n a l pleasure of being able t o p l a y it themselves. W r i t e for C a t a l o g u e .

PALING'S 338 G E O R G E S T R E E T , S Y D N E Y

THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL. 13

W. J . ». HAY WARD. Director.

L T D . R I V E R S SPECIALISTS IN FINE APPAREL, MILLINERS AND LADIES' TAILORS.

A mere ment ion of the n a m e Rivers will bring to your mind wonderful c rea t ions in f r o c k s a n d s u i t s f o r M a d a m e a n d Mademoiselle — for Rivers has now established a reputa t ion a m o n g b u y e r s of f a s h i o n a b l e apparel in every S ta te in the

Commonwea l th .

R I V E R S L T I ) .

148 PITT 5TRLLT (NEXT CIVIl SE«V1CE STOtES)

Our Director has now re turned f rom London. Paris and New York, where f rom the world's best houses goods have been personally selected for the c u r r e n t season. You a re invited to see these dis t inct ive styles. We have a lways t ime for

cour t eous service.

14

T H E W O R K OF T H E R O Y A L A U S T R A L I A N N A V Y . AS KF.COKOH) IN THE *' SVDNEV \|oRNIN<; HKRAI.D."

The flagship Australia, though she served throughout the war, did not take part in any action with the enemy. This was not for want of looking for the chance ; the same sort of luck followed many other ships in the Royal Navy. The Australia was engaged in the New Guinea ojjerations in 1914. escorting both Australian and New Zealand troops to the northern islands, ami later in the year was searching the Pacific with British and Japanese ships for theGerman squadron under von Spee. After the battle of the Falkland Islands had wiped out the German Pacific fleet the Australia was ordered home to join the (irand Fleet, and from January, 1915, till the end of the war, she seived in the North Sea. She missed the battle of Jutland through being in dock after an accidental collision with the New Zealand. She was present at the surrender of the (ierman Fleet in Noveml>er, 1918. Her role in the (irand Fleet was flagship of the Second Battle Cruiser Squadron.

The light cruisers Melbourne and Sydney both escorted the first Australian Expeditionary Force across the Indian Ocean in 1914, and it was while on this duty that the Sydney picked up news of the (Ierman cruiser Emden's proximity, and went off and found her near Cocos Island, where after a running fight, the Emden .was crippled, driven ashore and destroyed. At the end of the year both the Melbourne and Sydney were ordered to Gibraltar, and thence to the West Indies to look for :he (Ierman light cruiser Karlsruhe (a sister ship of the Emden). Bermuda was their head-quarters. They were on the Havana (Cuba) patrol for three months blockading (Ierman ships (Feb-ruary-April, 1915)- They also laid in wait outside Hampton Roads for the Appam to come out, a British ship which had been captured by the (lernians, and off New York for (Ierman liners. Then the Friedrich der (Irosse got loose, and first the Melbourne and then the Sydney went off to the coast of Brazil °hunting for her. She was, however, caught by somebody else After a further spell of patrolling in the West Indies and off New York, the Melbourne and Sydney left for the North Sea within a fortnight of each other. At Scapa Flow they were employed with the Second Light Cruiser Squadron, on North Sea sweeps and the Norwegian convoy. An interesting episode, which broke the monotony of this work for the Sydney, was a duel with a Zeppelin in March, 1917. T h e cruiser sighted the airship during a patrol, and im-mediately attacked, but the Zeppelin, once well overhead, had all the advantage and began dropp-ing bombs uncomfortably close.

At the (Ierman Fleet surrender the Sydney took over the (new) Emden, and the Melbourne, the Nuremberg.

The light cruiser Brisbane was completed in 1916 at Cockatoo Island, and left Sydney in December of that year on her first commission. She was ordered at once to the Mediterranean, to Malta Dockyard, to receive certain gun fittings, and in May, 1917, passed the Sue/ Canal, again, with orders for the East Indies. Here she did some interesting patrol work with a seaplane, searching many hundreds of square miles of ocean each day for the German raider Wolf. She spent a couple of months on this work, with her head-quarters at Colombo. For the remainder of the year, and for most of 1918 the Brisbane patrolled first the western coast of Australia (trade routes) and then the islands of the Western Pacific At the end of September, 1918, she was ordered to England, but, being in the Mediterranean at the time of the armistice, was stopped, and sent up to Constantinople. Thus the Australian Fleet rep-resented Australia at last in the opening of the Dardanelles. The Brisbane cruised around the Black Sea and was back at Smyrna for Christmas, 1918. She went to Kngland to refit before return-ing to Australian Waters

T h e old cruiser Encounter began the war with the fleet in the Bismarck Archipelago in Septem-ber, 1914, and captured the first prize of war (the Zambesi) for the Australian navy. She was em-ployed at Singapore, and on the China station, and in January, 1916, was pattolling the Manila coast. I^ te r that year she was doing the same work on the Western Australian roast. She no longer has any guns in her, and is used mainly as a sea-going training ship for cadets.

T h e old light cruiser Pioneer also played a use-ful part in the war in the outer seas of the Empire. At the beginning of hostilities she was placed on the Fremantle-Colombo trade route, and while patrolling off the Western Australian coast at the end of August she captured two German merchant ships, the Neumunster and Thuringen. She was one of the convoying ships which left Australia with the first Australian Expeditionary Force for Egypt, but when she was 300 miles away from Fremantle her port condenser " futted " and she steamed back to Fremantle on one engine. In Decemljer, 1914, she was sent to German East Africa with a collier, and joined the Cape Squad-ron at Mombasa. T h e Pioneer took part in the blockading of the German cruiser Konigsberg in the Rufigi River, and in the attack on that ship from sea and air on July 6 and 11, 1915. She

Continued on fmgt 16.

THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL. IS

T H E BOY S C O U T ! Hv " H Q . ' '

AUSTRALIAN P A R E N T S A L E R T ! Have you ever realised what a Boy Seoul li? Then, II not, read the Boy Scouli' page

lo this Journal each luue.

T h e pract ical uti l i ty of s ignal l ing w a s re-cently demons t r a t ed bv some boys of the 1st Cha t swood T r o o p when go ing on a boat ing excurs ion . It had been previously a r r a n g e d that owing t o a couple of the boys not being able t o meet a t t he scheduled t ime f o r s ta r t ing , they should follow the pa r ty in a cer ta in direc-tion ( n o one knew what the day ' s p r o g r a m m e was, as it was not mapped out unti l just by the w a t e r ' s e d g e ) , and hail them by a ser ies of M o r s e signals b lown on Scout whistles. T h i s was done over a dis tance of just unde r 2 miles. Mad the late m e m b e r s of the pa r ty not been able to send and receive these mes-sages they would have Iteeti unable to com-munica te wi th the main body of picnickers. Wi th r ega rd t o the cooking. I recollect tak ing a y o u n g lady f r i end ( f r o m the coun t ry , who was an excellent cook, t o o ! ) to watch the is t C a m m a r a v ( N e u t r a l Hay-Nor th Syd-ney) T r o o p at work one S a t u r d a y a f t e r n o o n . It so happened on this day tha t several scouts were do ing their cooking test f o r 2nd class badge, and my f r i end on lieing invited, tasted aliout 6 d i f fe ren t s tews. S h e w a s exceedingly pleased wi th the result and commended the boys on the i r e f for t s .

T h e next s tep he takes in his Scout career is to pass his 1st class test . T h i s consists of abili ty t o swim 50 y a r d s ( shou ld he In-prohibi ted f r o m doing this, by doc tor ' s o rde r s he mus t pass one of the fo l lowing b a d g e s : — Ambulance , F i r eman , M a r k s m a n . Pa th f inder . Signal ler o r S ta lker I.

H e mus t a lso have not less than one shilling in the bank , ami mus t be able to send and receive messages in e i ther S e m a p h o r e 20 let-ters a minu te or M o r s e at the r i t e of 16 let ters pe r minute . T h e test is not confined to these n u m b e r s of w o r d s only, but a n u m b e r of words , say, about 50 odd, should be selected by the examine r , p r e f e r a b l y in a sentence.

H e mus t go on foot , o r row a l>oat alone, o r wi th a n o t h e r Scou t t o a point 7 miles a w a y and r e tu rn again , o r if conveyed by any vehicle ( r a i lway not a l l owed) , o r an imal , go to a dis tance of 15 miles and liack and wri te a shor t re|x>rt on it. It is p r e f e r ab l e tha t he should t ake 2 days o v e r it. Descr ibe o r show

the p rope r means f o r saving l i fe in case of 2 of the fo l lowing accidents (a l lo t ted by e x a m i n e r s ) . F i re . Drown ing , R u n a w a y C a r -riage, Sewer -gas . Ice-breaking, Electr ic Shock, o r b a n d a g e an i n j u r e d pat ient , or revive an apparen t ly d rowned person. T h e chief |>oint in th is test is tha t t he Scout a f t e r k n o w i n g thoroughly all the points, should l>e able " t o keep his h e a d " and act p rompt ly .

H e mus t cook sa t is factor i ly t w o out of the fo l lowing dishes , as may l>e directed : — P o r -r idge ; bacon, or h u n t e r ' s s tew ; skin and cook a r a b b i t ; pluck and cook a b i rd . Also make a " d a m p e r " of a half p o u n d of flour, o r a " t w i s t " baked on a thick stick. T h i s test mus t be done in the 0|ien air .

(To be continued)

T H I i NAVY L E A G U E SEA C A D E T S

Writing from Balmain, Mr. W. I,. Hammer says " We are now in a |tosilion to launch the first unit of Navy l e a g u e Cadets. In its initial stages the unit will be made up of seven voluntary instructors, together with an Honorary Chaplain Medical Officer and Surgeon Dentist, and fifty-two Cadets. j

A systematic scheme of training has been formulated, and the boys will have the advantage of a fully qualified physical instructor.

In addition to the regular course of week-end training, one evening per week will lie devoted to illustrated lectures dealing with the history of the British Navy, the Empire's Mercantile Marine and other appropriate subjects. I t is anticipated that the lectures will create a lively interest among the Cadets, and enthuse them with the spirit and romance of the sea.

Every encouragement will be given to the trainees, not only in their duties, but also in sport — such as football, swimming, boxing, cricket and hockey.

Should the boys desire to go to sea when attaining a suitable age, every effort will be made to encourage and assist them to fulfil their ambi-tions and prepaie a way for them to become part of the sinews of a great maritime race."

1(5 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL.

was one of the fleet which captured Tange, Dar-es-Salaam, Bagamoyo, and other coastal ports of German East Africa. In October , 1916, she returned home to Australia and paid off

T h e Marguerite and the Geranium, mine-swetp-ing sloops, were built in England during the war. They were presented to the Commonweal th in 1919 by the British Government .

E D I T O R I A L N O T E S A N D N O T I C E S .

Contributions of a suitable nature are cordially invited, and should be addressed to the Editor.

Anonymous communicat ions will not be enter-tained.

All alterations of standing advertisements must reach the Hon. Secretaries NOT LATLR than the 7th of the month of issue.

Correspondence of a business nature should be addressed to the Hon . Secretaries, Royal Naval House, Sydney.

'PHONICS : CITY 7786 a n d ^ i T Y 6817.

T o criticise the Commonweal th Government ' s Naval Policy when not in possession of the actual facts which have brought about the decision to make reductions, which 011 paper look rather alarm-ing, would be futile. At the same time the Navy League believes it is the duty of the Prime Minister to take the public into his confidence and give a plain statement on the naval position.

A man does not need to be a naval expert to realise that the retention in commission of obsolete ships is worse than useless, and what is more to the point, we believe that with the exception of the gift destroyers and submarines all our Royal Australian ships have outlived their usefulness as fighting machines. If this is true and the authorities are agreed that such is the case, what are they going to do about it ? In plain language is Australia going to have useful fighting ships of its own, or does the Government believe that the more effective and economic arrangement is to pay an equitable subsidy to Britain and in return be guaranteed adequate protection against possible naval aggression by any foreign powers.

Until Australia's population is considerably augmented, and the country in a financial position to provide docking facilities for every type of fighting ship, Australia is not capable of main-taining a fleet worthy of the name.

Many clear thinking and loyal citizens are of the opinion that this country's best course, at least temporarily, is to trust to the British Navy entirely and concentrate our own attention on the con-struction of an adequate naval base in Australian waters. Tha t such a course has much to commend , it is unquestionable, but in any case it is the Government 's duty to tell the people the un-abridged truth about our position in the naval scheme of things.

In order to popularise the Navy League in N.S.W., proposals to form a Cadet Corps have been put forward from time to time, but owing to a variety of circumstances have been shelved.

In Great Britain and Canada the League has established a considerable number of highly effi-cient units, and from these a large number of youths volunteered for service in the Koyal Navy and Mercantile Marine during the late war.

Apart from the practical utility of such a corps in a t ime of national stress there are other advan-tages.

Senior boys at school and lads who had just left (if outside the scope of the Commonweal th Compulsory Training Act) would be invited to join as volunteers. Selection would be made from boys with a penchant for the water. They would be trained in habits of obedience and self reliance, and taught to be of service to less favoured fellows.

'I he excellent system of training which it is proposed to give effect to locally is based 011 the works of acknowledged authorit ies in England.

We heartily commend Mr. H a m m e r and those associated with him in making such great efforts to organise the nucleus of what we believe will be the first unit of Navy League Sea Cadets to have its origin in Australia.

If the Federal Government has already decided the fate of the Naval College at Jervis Bay, the public has a right to know without undue delay what that fate is.

Surely our gallant airmen, Lieutenants Parer and Mcintosh, are deserving of a greater measure of recognition at the hands of the Commonwealth Government for their magnificent t r iumph over obstacles which would have been insuperable to the average man.

17

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12 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL.

E D I T O R I A L — Continued.

It is stated on good authority that the British destroyed 186 German submarines during the war. Depth-cb*—* accounted for 35, mines for 35, submarines for 19, destroyers and patrol craft for 20. decoy ships for 12, aerial craft for 7, cruisers and battleships for 4 merchant vessels for 4, nets for 10, and towed swt-e|>s and other devices for the remainder.

The Navy League was founded by the late Mr. Robert Yerburgh, of Blackburn, England.

In an honorary capacity there will be associated with Mr. W. I.. Hammer, who is in charge, the undermentioned members of the Navy League:— Dr. Stewart Shirlow, Rev. George Manning, Sur-geon-Dentist John Speers, Messrs. W. E. Turnley, H. H. McDonald, D. J. Crawfird, T. B. Whyte, J. McKeran, H. W. Stapleton and A. MacDougal.

Any kindly disposed person who wishes to assist' the work of the Navy l eague can do so in the most practical way of all by sending along a cheque to -the Hon. Treasurers.

For the first time in the long history of the British Navy a deputation, representing the lower deck ratings, was received at the Admiralty by Admiral Earl Beatty one day in July last. On the invitation of the Admiralty—healthy sign ! the deputation stated its case. Some of the dis-abilities of service were said to be of 400 years' standing. It is to be hoped they will be satisfac-torily settled within the next 400 years or so.

Greater understanding and less inhumanity in man for man has slowly, very slowly, permeated even the high places in one of the most exclusive and conservative institutions extant.

The sooner it is widely realised that conditions afloat must, as far as practicable, keep pace with improving conditions ashore the better it will be for all concerned

On the evening of the 20th inst. the battle cruiser, Australia " ceased to be flagship of the Royal Australian Navy.

The morning of the 21st inst. saw the broad pennant of Commodore J. S. Dumaresq, C.B., C.V.O., R.N., hoisted on the light cruiser " Mel-bourne," which vessel now is doing duty as flag-ship.

At the monthly meeting of the Executive Com-mittee of the N.S.W. branch of the Navy League, held at the Royal Naval House on the 20th inst., the' advisability of forming a unit to be known as " The Navy l eague Sea Cadets " was considered. After discussion it was decided to give the scheme a trial on a purely voluntary basis.

The first unit will have its base at Snail's Bay, Balmain.

About Xmas next the New Zealand Government will take over the British light cruiser "Cha tham "

The mine sweeper " Veronica " has been pre-sented to the Dominion by the Imperial Govern-ment for use as a training ship.

T h e " WHITE ENSIGN " o r i g i n a t e d in t h e t i m e of Richard I. The flag of St. George (Red Cross on White Ground) flew on Richard I.'s ship when his Great Fleet set forth to fight the " I n f i d e l s " and free the Holy City.

With the chivalry of England's Patron Saint in mind, the Flag was a reminder of the high motive which had sent them forth from Dartmouth and England

It is thought that the idea of the Flag Ship originated with Richard I , when he caused a lantern to be hung on the masthead of his ship at night time, so that the remainder of his great fleet could follow the King's ship.

Gifts of books, fountain pens, photograph albums, in fact anything suitable for presentation as prizes tc school girls and boys, will be much appreciated from members who are anxious to see the League expand.

Suitable acknowledgment of the receipt of articles enumerated above will appear in these columns as occasion arises.

It is interesting to note that the C of E. Girls' Grammar School, Darlinghurst, and the C. of E. Girls' Grammar School, North Sydney, are first and sccond respectively of the schools of N.S.W. in the number of scholars associated with the Navy League as juvenile members.

THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL. 13

F R E N C H C L E A N E R A N D DYER.

ALPHONSE EVEN <r •>

<Ut< U N W 1. f ro r t »nn». M l " SmW. lUr<*. •»»»>

HEAD OFFICE and RECEIVING SHOP:

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WORKS AND F A C T O R Y :

17 Queen Victoria Building George Street, Sydney. •Phone City 6761. 1 Bayiwaler Road, Darllnghunt. •Phone William 989. 100 Corso, Manly. •Phone Manly 313.

2 Jama Street, Enmore. •Phone L 1066.

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INSPECTION INVITED.

ANDREW McGEE, TOBACCONIST

5 and 7 CA8TLEREAGH ST., SYDNEY.

20

T T . t - S . c . c T -

The Proposed Badge of the NAVY LEAGUE SEA CADETS.

B R I T A I N A N D T H E C O L O N I E S .

S h e s t a n d s , a t h o u s a n d - w i n t e r e d t r e e , B y c o u n t l e s s m o r n s i m p e a r l e d ;

H e r b r o a d r o o t s c o i l b e n e a t h t h e s e a , H e r b r a n c h e s s w e e p t h e w o r l d ;

H e r s e e d s , b y c a r e l e s s w i n d s c o n v e y e d , C l o t h e t h e r e m o t e s t s t r a n d

W i t h f o r e s t s f r o m h e r s c a t t e r i n g s m a d e , N e w n a t i o n s f o s t e r e d i n h e r s h a d e ,

A n d l i n k i n g l a n d w i t h l a n d .

O y e b y w a n d e r i n g t e m p e s t s o w n ' N e a t h e v e r y a l i e n s t a r ,

F o r g e t n o t w h e n c e t h e b r e a t h w a s b l o w n , T h a t w a f t e d y o u a f a r !

F o r y e a r e s t i l l h e r a n c i e n t s e e d O n y o u n g e r s o i l l e t f a l l ;

C h i l d r e n o f B r i t a i n ' s i s l a n d - b r e e d , T o w h o m t h e m o t h e r i n h e r n e e d

P e r c h a n c e m a y o n e d a y c a l l .

W I L L I A M W A T S O N .

T H E N A V Y L E A G U E .

P A T K O X S H. K. T h e G o r e r n o r . G e u e m I

T h e Kt. Hon. Sir I tonald M u n r o Kcrtruson. I M ' . O C . S U I . H. K. T h e SUile Governor .Sir W a l t e r Davidson. K C M.U.

P K K S I 0 K N T Tin- Hon. Sir W. I*. ( uNt-n K . r .M.U. . ete.. etc.

Lieutci iunt-Covcrnor and Chief J u s t i c e of New South Wale* KX Kt T T l VK »'< »M M I T T K K -

J . P. Kraukl . Km|. Cap ta in F. (S. Waley S i r Joseph C M r u t h e r * H. W ( or ry . Ks«,. David Held. KMI. Sir Alexander Mac<'oniilck A. (Jordan We*che. KMI. Hi- Honor J u d g e Backhouse J . \V. Clark. K-.,.

Tin- i f m ! A.*NV. Meek-

Sir T h o . A DIM* < ol. Sir J a m c » l iuri i-S i r J HII-M-II French h^iwiml \V. Knox K - |

A. J . W a r r y . KMI <». K. Fa i r fax . KM, Wal te r >1. Mark*. KM, P e t e r Hoard. K*|. Col. J . MH< u r t l m M In-low

Sir Sainiiel K W. HixMin. Km, A l fn - . l t ; MiNon. KM,. A K Mi Hire. KM, Cap ta in Pearse Capta in S (> Given A. Con-el l Stephen. Km,. \V H. Kelly. KM, (I A. Parkes . KM,. K. I*. Sini|»-on. KM,. C. J . Henty . KM|.

HON. M K M K K K S -Lieiit.-t Jeneral CS. 1>. Ix-e C.H.. D.H.O.

( 'oiuii iodore J . S. IMimareM]. C.H.. < . V.O.. K.N. HON TKKA8UKKKS—

Sir Tlios. A. Dibits Sir J . Kn*sell Freneh Kel-o King. KM,.

HON. 8 K C K K T A K I K S F. W . Hixxon. A. K. Moore. KM,.

A If m l C». MIIMIII. KM,. KDITOIt N A V Y LKAOITK J O l ' l t N A L

\V. W. Beale. O.H.K. T H K Ix-aKiie IN a s t r ic t l> non- | iarty orKaui-at ion WIIOM-

pr imary object is to u i y e upon t h e G o v e r n m e n t a n d t h e r Jcc to ra t e t h e (Hirauiount impor tance of an a d e q u a t e Navy a* t he IHMI f fua ran tee of peace. It* a n e m i c * ,»rti employed in edueatiiiK I he Nat ion. es|>ecially t he chi ldren, in the know-ledge of the prinehiiett a n d uses of Sea Power , an a mean* whereby t he food, t he industr ies , and t h e f loat ing commerce of t he coun t ry a r e sa feguarded . and a« t he BBWWMy liond a n d p ro tec to r of the Kinpirc.

I. To advoca te t he cont inued m a i n t e n a n c e of an effect ive Navy, Mercant i le Marine, and Air Force, an t he fac tors essential for t he securi ty of the Kmpire.

'2. To encourage t he scientific s tudy of Sea Power and Its use-, alike, in |»eacc and war t ime , and to s t imu la t e in teres t a m o n g t e a c h e r s a m i scholars in al l Univers i -ties. Colleges and School* of t h e Kmpire in t ho ach i evemen t s of t he Boyal N a v y and Mercan t i l e Mar ine

3. To ma in ta in and develop t he N.L. Nava l Un i t s and Sea Cadet Corps. to establ ish TrainiiiK Ins t i tu t ion , w h e r e v e r possible t o p r e p a r e boys fo r a sea c a r e e r to t he end t h a t a l iens niay be e l imina ted f rom t h e Bri t ish Mercant i le Marine.

I. To assist t he widows and dependen t* of officers and men of the Koyal Navy , inc luding t he Koyal Aust ra-lian Navy. Koyal Mar ines and Mercant i le M a r i n e who h a v e been in ju red or who have lo*t t he i r l ives in t he W a r . a n d to e d u c a t e t he i r chi ldren .

H O W T O J O I N T H E N A V Y L E A G U E : -Yicc-Prcs idents £-i 0 n annua l ly .

for life 25 » 0 Fel lows (Ladies & Gent lemen) 1 I 0 annua l ly .

I)o. l)o. for l i fe Hi in n Members . with publ ica t ions

post f ree . not less t han .. O A n annua l ly . J u v e n i l e Members 0 1 0 annua l ly iiud upward*.

T o T H K HON. 8 K C R K T A R I K 8 of T h e New South W a l e * Branch of the Navy l e a g u e .

Royal Nava l House, Sydney. P lease enrol my mime a* a

of t h e N A V Y L K A G U K for which I enclose va luo £ : P. d .

N a m e Address

E N R O L N O W

WHOLLY UT OP AND PRINTED IH AUSTRALIA BY H. T. DUNN AND CO.. RUBY LANK. CIRCULAR QUAY. SYDNEY

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W a t c h for a n n o u n c e m e n t s .

I ' l i A N H A T I ' A I . I N U f .

For p e r s o n a l w r i t i n g a n a b u s i n e s s c o r r e s p o n d e n c e . T h i s U t i l e s i x - p o u n d e r m a c h i n e f u r n i s h e s i t s o w n e r w i t h o f f i c e f a c i l i t i e s r e a d y a t h a n d e v e r y h o u r of t h e d a y . It h a s a l l t h e n e c e s s a r y a t t a c h m e n t s t h a t h a v e m a d e t h e o r i g i n a l

U n d e r w o o d m a c h i n e f a m o u s .

UNDERWOOD " P O R T A B L E " It is t he ideal m a c h i n e to c a r r y f r o m p l ace t o p l a c e —i t is light in weight a n d c o m p a c t in c o n s t r u c t i o n , but h e a v y e n o u g h fo r the h a r d e s t kind of work .

Ca l l a n d wri te o n it f o r y o u r s e l f .

STOTT & UNDERWOOD, 70 PITT SIRP.ET, SYDNLY ^ • • • • • • H B M a B B M M B B a H B H B ^ M I

WALTHER & STEVENSON, Ld. 3 9 3 G E O R G E S T R E E T . S Y D N E Y .

SMOKE

"VICE-REGAL"

lobacco and Cigarettes.

T H K C E L E B R A T E D B R A N D O K

W. D. & H. O. WILLS

HIGH-CLASS SADDLERY HARNESS

WHIPS

POLO GOODS

BAGS, TRUNKS and LEATHER GOODS.

American Wardrobe Trunk, measur ins 40 inches high, 17 inches wide, and 121 inches deep; made on three ply basswood, covered with hard vulcanised fibre ; brass trimmings ; fitted w.ih 2 bolts and very superior lock. This crunk is fitted with mne garment hangers and set of five drawers, c!so soiled linen bag and shoe receptacles. Special value . . £ 1 9 / t o / -Other style, finings and qualit>es : £21, £ a j / i o / - , £ 2 7 / 1 0 / - , £ 2 9 / 1 0 / -

Farmer's Trunk Department, First Floor, George Street, can supply the most attractive and up-to-date, as well as the most superior quality, fitted travel equipment. Two unique samples are here illustrated. Motor Luncheon Cue, measuring 18 x 12 x 6J inches ;covered with black waterproof doth, and fitted with one lode and two dipc. Case contains large provision tin, quart vacuum flask, pre-serve jar, also cups, plate:, and cutlery for four persons. Price £ 6 / 1 5 / Fittings for six persons £ 7 / 1 5 / -Travel Equipment, itt Floor, George St.

F a r m e r ' s p a r c a r r i a t t 0 3 T r u a k i , e tc . . to t he e x t o r t o l 5 par o a a t ( 1 / - U the 11

<U the p a r e h a H prtoa.

MODERN TRAVEL EQUIPMENT

at Farmer's MO D E R N ingenuity lias successfully

and wonderfully overcome all those little disadvantages of the journey—

be it long or short—so that "luxury of travel " is now perfecdy realised. The traveller who essays a long sea voyage has no occasion for worry on the score of crushed clothes, if possessed of an up-to-date wardrobe trunk, fitted with garment hangers and drawers that receive the gar-ments and keep them as fresh and unruffled as they would be hanging in the wardrobe of a more settled abode. Experienced travel-lers—men and women alike —would not be without the convenience of such a trunk. The joys of motoring are likewise enhanced by the minor luxuries: for instance, a fitted luncheon case, that will divulge hot drinks at a moment's notice, and a luncheon teady packed, to be partaken of just when desired - -instead of depending upon some wayside refreshment house.

FARMER'S Box 497, G.P.O., Sydney

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