harbour and docks lecture
TRANSCRIPT
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Road Stead
The berthing condition within the area of
water close to shore providing good hold
for anchoring and to protect naval vessel
from storm. Two categories
1. Natural road stead
2.Artificial road stead
* A partly off shore anchorage area
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Natural Road steadArtificial Road stead
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Classification Of Harbor
Based On Utility
There are four types of harbors based on
utilitiesHarbor of refuge
Commercial harbor
Fisheries harborMilitary harbor
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Harbor Of Refuge
This harbor is used for ships in storms, it
may be a part of commercial harbor.
Good anchoring facilities Facilities for repairs to the damaged
ships
Ready accessibility from high seas.
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Commercial harbor
The harbors where facilities for loading or
unloading of cargo are provided.
For handling cargos docks and berths are
provided.
Storage sheds
To avoid delays good and quick repair
facilities Sufficient space for loading and
unloading
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Fishery Harbors
The harbors provided for fishing using
crafts and trawlers.
Loading and unloading facilities These should be constantly open for
arrival and departure of fishing ships.
Quick dispatch( harbor connected torailway, road)
Refrigerated storage, cold storage.
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Military Harbor
Harbors are meant for accommodating
navel crafts and serves as an
ammunition supply depot.
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Harbors Based On Location
There are four types of harbors based on
location
Canal harbor Lake Harbor
River Harbor
Sea or Ocean harbor
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Canal harbor
Harbors made on canals are known as
Canal Harbor.
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Lake Harbor
Harbors made on lakes are known as lake
harbors
http://images.google.com.pk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.michigandnr.com/PUBLICATIONS/PDFS/Harbors/Portage_Lake.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.michigan.gov/dnr/0,1607,7-153-10365_10884_18317-44362--,00.html&h=304&w=380&sz=29&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=U4LrKj81s3o35M:&tbnh=98&tbnw=123&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dlake%2Bharbor%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den -
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River Harbors
Harbors made on
river are known
as River harbors.
http://images.google.com.pk/imgres?imgurl=http://i.pbase.com/u29/goislands/large/2217438.46foahu13jan99.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.pbase.com/goislands/image/2217438&h=518&w=800&sz=51&hl=en&start=17&tbnid=5sH7SGKJmmLmYM:&tbnh=93&tbnw=143&prev=/images%3Fq%3Driver%2Bharbor%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Denhttp://images.google.com.pk/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Wolf-River-Harbor-Memphis.jpg/800px-Wolf-River-Harbor-Memphis.jpg&imgrefurl=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Wolf-River-Harbor-Memphis.jpg&h=501&w=800&sz=55&hl=en&start=7&tbnid=E5kF11GzOv1-AM:&tbnh=90&tbnw=143&prev=/images%3Fq%3Driver%2Bharbor%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Denhttp://images.google.com.pk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.epa.gov/glnpo/aoc/ashtabula/Ash-River-north.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.epa.gov/glnpo/aoc/ashtabula.html&h=293&w=400&sz=27&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=-bOu8F7W4dnrTM:&tbnh=91&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Driver%2Bharbor%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den -
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Ocean Harbors
Harbors constructed on sea or ocean are
called Sea/ ocean harbors.
http://images.google.com.pk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.geerts.com/images/holland/rotterdam.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.geerts.com/holland/holland-modern.htm&h=329&w=422&sz=31&hl=en&start=9&tbnid=6i-mvJWJAv7Y5M:&tbnh=98&tbnw=126&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsea%2Bharbor%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Denhttp://images.google.com.pk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.geerts.com/images/dordrecht/harbors/sea-garbor.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.geerts.com/dordrecht/dordrecht-buildings2.htm&h=553&w=800&sz=92&hl=en&start=8&tbnid=fbtu63sLmDLzaM:&tbnh=99&tbnw=143&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsea%2Bharbor%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den -
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Typical layout Of Artificial harbor
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Features of a harbor
Approach channel
Turning basin
Break water Pier head
Jetties
Berth
Wharves
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Terms Related ToShips
By Engr. Saadia TabassumDepartment Of Transportation Engineering And Management, U.E.T, Lahore
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Buoyancy
In physics, buoyancy is the upward force on anobject produced by the surrounding fluid (i.e., aliquid or a gas) in which it is fully or partiallyimmersed, due to the pressure difference of thefluid between the top and bottom of the object.
The net upward buoyancy force is equal to themagnitude of the weight of fluid displaced bythe body.
This force enables the object to float or at leastto seem lighter.
Buoyancy is important for many vehicles suchas boats, ships, balloons, and airships.
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Buoyancy
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Hull
A hullis the body of a ship or boat. It is
a central concept in floating vessels as it
provides the buoyancy that keeps the
vessel from sinking
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Hullform-3D.PNG -
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Bow
The bowis a term
that refers to the
forward part of the
hull of a ship or boat,the point that is most
forward when the
vessel is underway.
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Bow
The bow is designed
to reduce the
resistance of the hull
cutting through waterand should be tall
enough to prevent
water from easily
washing over the topof it
http://images.search.yahoo.com/search/images/view?back=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.search.yahoo.com%2Fsearch%2Fimages%3Fp%3Dbow%2B%2528ship%2529%26ei%3DUTF-8%26x%3Dwrt&w=3060&h=2036&imgurl=www.pirateplanet.com%2FFlorida_Vacation_1%2FShip_Bow.jpg&rurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pirateplanet.com%2FFlorida_Vacation_1.html&size=1.4MB&name=Ship_Bow.jpg&p=bow+%28ship%29&type=jpeg&no=5&tt=23,997&oid=ecf7511be37a5130&ei=UTF-8http://images.search.yahoo.com/search/images/view?back=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.search.yahoo.com%2Fsearch%2Fimages%3Fp%3Dbow%2B%2528ship%2529%26ei%3DUTF-8%26x%3Dwrt&w=500&h=471&imgurl=static.flickr.com%2F77%2F179386849_ff962e74cb_m.jpg&rurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flickr.com%2Fphotos%2F83287853%40N00%2F179386849%2F&size=148.3kB&name=179386849_ff962e74cb.jpg&p=bow+%28ship%29&type=jpeg&no=17&tt=23,997&oid=1db17c45c0eed38a&fusr=zero+g&tit=MEXICAN+NAVY+TALL+SHIP+CUAUHTEMOC-OUTBOARD+PORT+BOW+PROFILE-+FIGUREHEAD...&hurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flickr.com%2Fphotos%2F83287853%40N00%2F&ei=UTF-8&src=p -
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Stern
Stern is the rear-most part of the hull.
The stern is the rear
part of a ship or boat,technically definedas the area built upover the sternpost.
The back of the shipis called stern
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Portside
Portsideis the left
side of the boat when
facing the Bow
Portsideis thenautical term (used
on boats and ships)
that refers to the left
side of a ship
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Starboard
Starboardis the
right side of the boat
when facing the Bow
Starboardis the
nautical term that
refers to the right
side of a vessel
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Stem
Structural member of
the extreme forward
end of the ship.
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Keel
A structural keel is alarge beam which thehull of a ship is builtaround.
The keel runs in themiddle of the ship,from the bow to thestern, and serves asthe foundation or
spine of thestructure, providingthe major source ofstructural strength ofthe hull.
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Keel
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Beam
Width of the ship at the middle section at
water line
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Water line
Waterlinerefers to an imaginary line markingthe level at which ship or boat floats in thewater.
To an observer on the ship the water appearsto rise or fall against the hull
Temperature also affects the level becausewarm water provides less buoyancy, being lessdense than cold water
Likewise the salinity of the water affects thelevel, fresh water being less dense than saltyseawater.
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Water line
In other words Waterlineis an imaginary linecircumscribing the hull that matches thesurface of the water when the hull is not
moving.
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Load Line
The line showing the weight
level up to which they can be
legally loaded.
The purpose of a load lineisto ensure that a ship has
sufficient freeboard and thus
sufficient reserve buoyancy
The line shows the maximum
capacity load the ship maycarry. The depth to which a
boat can be safely loaded.
http://images.search.yahoo.com/search/images/view?back=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.search.yahoo.com%2Fsearch%2Fimages%3Fp%3Dload%2Bline%2B%2528ship%2529%26ei%3DUTF-8%26x%3Dwrt&w=400&h=400&imgurl=www.plimsoll.org%2Fimages%2F18280_tcm4-22842.JPG&rurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.plimsoll.org%2FResources%2FSCCPlimsollProject%2F9012.asp&size=24.3kB&name=18280_tcm4-22842.JPG&p=load+line+%28ship%29&type=jpeg&no=1&tt=67&oid=90b36cfe9dc26c8e&ei=UTF-8 -
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The International Load Line shows where
fully loaded ships should sit in waters of
different density.
It used to be called the Plimsoll Line, after
the person who invented it.
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Free Board
Freeboard, in sailing and boating, means the
distance from the waterline to the upper deck
level, measured at the lowest point where water
can enter the boat or ship.
The freeboard on commercial vessels is
measured between the uppermost continuous
deck and the waterline
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Free Board
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Displacement Load
The weight of a fully loaded ship
expressed in KNs.
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Displacement Light
The weight of a ship when fully empty
expressed in KNs.
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Dead Weight Tonnage
It represents the load carrying capacity
of a ship.
Dead Weight Tonnage=
Displacement load Displacement light
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Ballast
The weight added to a ship to improve
its stability when it has discharged its
cargo.
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Draft / Draught
When ship floats at its design water line
i.e. its load line, the vertical distance
between bottom of the ship and waterline is called draft.
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BARGES
The vessel which need lower depth of
water are called barges. Their capacityis determined depending upon the depth
of water available at the particular port.
DESIGN SHIP
The ship taken for the design of a
harbor is called the design ship.
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TUG
A powerful vessel or boat used to pull a ship to
a particular place is called a Tug.
TANKER
A ship transporting liquid material in bulk
such as oil is called a tanker.
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Berge
Tanker
Tug Boat
Tug Ship
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NAVIGATIONAL AIDS
The devices such aslights, signals used to guide and warn for safe,
efficient, economic and comfortable travel ofships in water bodies are known
as navigational aids.
Lights used are of two types.1. Light houses
2. Light ships
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Light House
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TURN AHEADTurning or changingdirection by moving the front of shipforward is called turn ahead.
WAVE ACTION
A sea wave breakingagainst an obstacle generates forces,
the generation of these forces is calledwave action
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Draw a neat layout of any existing
harbour of the world.
Give details of harbour including its
name, location, berthing capacity and
other important characteristics.
Take half of scholar sheet for drawing.
Write details on a separate sheet ofpaper (A4) and attach both.
ASSIGNMENT