happy cinco de mayo!
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HAPPY CINCO DE MAYO!. The holiday of Cinco de Mayo is primarily a regional holiday in Mexico, celebrated in the state of Puebla . There is some limited recognition of the holiday in other parts of the country. [7] For the most part the celebrations combine food, music and dancing. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
HAPPY CINCO DE MAYO!
• The holiday of Cinco de Mayo is primarily a regional holiday in Mexico, celebrated in the state of Puebla. There is some limited recognition of the holiday in other parts of the country.[7] For the most part the celebrations combine food, music and dancing.
• In Mexico City like the rest of the Mexican capitals all the young men who serve the military services pledge allegiance to the Mexican national flag and the institutions that it represents.
BATTLE OF PUEBLA
The holiday commemorates an initial victory of Mexican forces led by General Ignacio Zaragoza Seguín over French forces in the Battle of Puebla on May 5, 1862. The date is observed in the United States and other locations around the world as a celebration of Mexican heritage and pride.
Although the Mexican army was victorious over the French at Puebla, the victory only delayed the French invasion of Mexico City; a year later, the French occupied Mexico. The French occupying forces placed Maximilian I, Emperor of Mexico on the throne of Mexico. The French were eventually defeated and expelled in 1867. Maximilian was executed by President Benito Juarez, five years after the Battle of Puebla.
Key Events Early Presidents
I. Washington Takes Office
A. Washington’s inauguration
took place on April 30, 1789.
1. Inauguration is
the ceremony of swearing
a public official into office.
2. Today it is on
Noon, Jan. 20 for Pres.
Oath of Office
“I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States.”
Washington Bible
2. Capital:
New York City
3. Vice President:
John Adams
(had ran against Washington & lost)
Problems Facing Washington
1. Examples are:
-As the first President,
he is not quite sure what to do or how to act. He has no examples to follow.
-He has to carry out the
new constitution.
-the 13 states did not
always work together well.
-Huge national debt:
owed: $81.5 million
Receives: $4.5 million
-Relations with Britain and France worsen.
war in Europe; Interfering with our
trade and ships.
II. A Time of Many Firsts
A. What is a precedent?
This is setting an example that others follow.
1.Examples of precedents
established by Washington
& copied by other Presidents:
Action: Copied?
1.The Chief Executive
Should be called President:
yes
2. The Pres. Should not
parade in public and shake
hands.
No
3. Washington would notaccept invitations to goto someone’s house fordinner.
No4. He established a groupof expert advisors
Yes, the cabinet.Every Pres.
has had one.
5. No person should serve
as President more than 2 terms.
Yes
B. Washington believed no
person should serve more than
2 terms.
1. What President broke this
precedent?
Franklin D. Roosevelt
2. How many times was he
elected?
4
3. What constitutional
amendment limits the
number of terms one person
may serve as President now?
22nd Amdt.
4. How long is a Presidential
term?
one term = 4 years
5. The 22nd Amdt. Limits
the Presidency to
2 terms or 10 years.
III. The Cabinet
A. The cabinet is
a group of the President’s
closest advisors who lead
executive branch departments.
B. What does the Const.say about the Cabinet?
It doesn’t. It saysthe President
mayappoint certainofficials with approval of the
Senate.C. Has every Presidenthad a cabinet?
yes,(Andrew Jackson has his official cabinet
& one called the “Kitchen Cabinet.”)
D. The First Cabinet
Position Dept. Duties PersonSecretary ofState State
Handles America’srelations with foreign countries-negotiates treaties-ambassadors
Thomas
Jefferson
Position Dept. Duties Person
Secretary of the
Treasury Treasury
Gives economic
advice to the Pres.
Alexander
Hamilton
Secretary of WarWar
(now Defense) Defense
gives military
advice to Pres.
Henry
Knox
Attorney General
Justice
gives legal advice
to Exec. Branch
Edmund
Randolph
Postmaster General
(No longer on Cabinet)Postal Service
Mail system
Samuel Osgood
E. Washington had 5 Exec.
Depts. How does this compare to
today?
there are 15 depts. today. The newest dept. is
the Dept. of Homeland
Security.
Today’s Cabinet
1. Secretary of State H. Clinton
2. Secretary of the Treasury T. Geithner
3. Secretary of Defense R. Gates
4. Attorney General E. Holder
5. Secretary of the Interior K. Salazar
6. Sec. of Commerce G. Locke
7. Sec. of Agriculture T. Vilsack
8. Sec. of Labor H. Solis
9. Sec. of Health & Human Services
K. Sebelius
10. Sec. of Housing & Urban Development
S. Donovan
11. Sec. of Transportation: R. LaHood
12. Sec. of Energy S. Chu
13. Sec of Education A. Duncan
14. Sec. of Veterans Affairs E. Shinseki
15. Sec. of Homeland Security J. Napolitano
F. Which of Washington’s
Cabinet positions is no longer
part of the cabinet?
Postmaster Gen.
g. Today the Dept. of
War is called The Dept. of
Defense.
IV. Establishing a Federal Court System
A. The Const. calls for theJudicial Branch to be madeof one supreme court and
lower courts established
by Congress.B. Early in Washington’sPresidency, Congress passed a law establishingthe federal court system:
Federal Judiciary Act of 1789
C. The Federal Court System
Board diagram and labels
1. Most cases begin and
end here:
District
2. To become a federal
court judge: One must be appointed
by the President and
approved by the Senate.
D. The U.S. Supreme Court
1. Judges are called:
Justices
2. Head judge is called:
Chief Justice
3. # of justices on the
Supreme Court today:
9
4. Term of a federal court
judge:
Life
5. Who was the first Chief
Justice?
John Jay
6. Our present Chief
Justice:
John Roberts
V. Handling the Nation’s Money Troubles
A. Who was to develop a plan
to deal with the debt problems?
Alexander Hamilton
A. Hamilton’s Plan
1. The U.S. govt. will absorb
the debts of the states from
the war. Why? It is easier to organize
payment of one amount rather
than 14.
2. Formed the firstNational Bank.Purposes: It will be a place where
the federal govt. may keep its money.It can earn money too.
How did the bankearn money? Gives loans and
charges interest.Invests in other businesses
3. Sell bonds
A bond is a certificate that promises to pay the
holder a certain amount of money when it matures on a certain date.
How do savings bonds work?
Buy from a bank;
The bond is purchased at a
price of about half the bond’s
value;
The holder of the bond will be able to cash the bond in after a period of time for an increased value.
When the bond matures it is worth close to the value
printed on it.
4. Protective tariffs were established
A tariff is a tax on certain
imports.
Who do they protect?
They are to protect American goods & business from
cheaper foreign goods & unfair competition.
5. Whiskey Tax
It taxed what? All liquor made and sold in the U.S. including
corn whiskey made by farmers.
What group complained
most? Western farmers
Corn grew abundantly in the Central Plains.
To sell surplus corn, farmers left home and took it by wagon to far off cities. This was a long and difficult trip
by wagon for many.
Turning the corn into whiskey seemed to be
a solution.
C. Whiskey Rebellion
1. Who?A group of Western Pennsylvanian farmers
2. What do they do? Protest marchesSang songsMade protest speechesRefused to pay the tax
3. What will Washington
do? He sent 15,000 militia
to stop the rebellion!
4. Why?
He wanted to send a clear message the
job of the President is to
enforce the law.
5. How did the rebellion end?
The militia showed up and the rebellion ended.
Leaders promised to obey the law & Washington sent
them home.
6. Message: “The Federal government will act firmly in times of crisis.”
VI Foreign Problems
A. Domestic issues refer to
issues dealing within the U.S.
B. Foreign issues refer to
issues outside the U.S. with other countries.
C. 1789-1793 French Revolution
1. What event marks its
beginning?
The storming & taking of the Bastille
(fortress/ prison)
2. What happened to the
French king & queen? King Louis XVI, Queen Marie Antoinette, and much of their government were beheaded.
3. What was the “Reign ofTerror?” After the fall of the govt.
several groups struggled for power.
Many executions;4. Neighboring countriesdeclared war on France.Why? They wanted to crush
the dangerous ideas of overthrowing the govt. by revolution & put a king back on the throne.
-War: France v.Great BritainAustriaPrussiaNetherlandsSpain
-Who will France ask to help?U.S.
Why? France helped us in our revolution.
G. Washington’s Answer:Neutrality
Proclamation1. To be neutral means
to not take sides in adispute.
2. French Reaction: U.S. has betrayed them. We have
broken the treaty signed in the Amer. Rev.
2. U.S. Problem: the U.S. will trade with both sides.
H. Why did the U.S. stay neutral?
U.S. is not ready for war. If we enter we may lose.
War would increase our
national debt.
The treaty with France was with a govt. that no longer exists.
I. Both France and England
Began stopping our trading ships & taking
cargo.
Impressment is the taking of crew from one country’s ships and forcing them to serve in a foreign navy.
VII. President John AdamsA. XYZ AffairB. Adams will send 3 Americans to what countryto discuss worseningproblems over trade.
FranceThese three
Americans wished to speak with Foreign Minister Charles Talleyrand
c. How will the Americans
be treated?
When they arrive in France they will be ignored by the
French government.
D. Who was X, Y. & Z?
3 French agents come to their room. They introduce themselves as Agents X,Y, & Z
E. What was their offer?For the Americans to speak to Talleyrand…The U.S. must give Talleyrand $250,000 bribe.The U.S. must loan France $10 million.The Americans
refused and came home.Many Americans
called for war.
Three Laws Which Will Hurt the Federalists and John Adams
A. Alien Act
1. An alien is a foreigner who is living inside the country
2. The law allows the President to expel from the country any foreigner “thought to be dangerous.”
3. Targets whom?
Many immigrants were favoring the Dem.- Rep.s in the upcoming election. Immigrants from France especially were critical of the Federalists.
B. Sedition Act
1. Sedition means to
stir up rebellion
2. The law allows citizens to be jailed or fined for criticizing public officials like the Pres.
3. Targets whom?
Newspapers
C. Naturalization Act
1. Naturalization is
the process of an immigrant becoming a citizen of the U.S..
2. The law
lengthens the time it takes to become a citizen from 5 to 14 yrs.
3. Targets Whom?
Non-citizens can’t vote
D. Effects
Huge losses for the Federalist party in the
next election
Adams is not reelected.
(3rd place out of 4)