Lucas F. M. da Silva • Andreas Öchsner Robert D. Adams Editors

Handbook of Adhesion Technology

Second Edition

Volume 1

With 919 Figures and 106 Tables

~ Springer

Lucas F. M. da Silva • Andreas Öchsner Robert D. Adams Editors

Handbook of Adhesion Technology

Second Edition

Volume 2

With 919 Figures and 106 Tables

~ Springer

Contents

Volume 1

1 Introduction to Adhesive Bonding Technology ............... . Lucas F. M. da Silva, Andreas Öchsner, and Robert D. Adams

Part I Theory of Adhesion

2 Theories of Fundamental Adhesion David E. Packharn

3 Forces Involved in Adhesion Maurice Brogly

9

11

43

4 Wetting of Solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Martin E. R. Shanahan and Wulff Possart

5 Spreading of Liquids on Substrates Günter Reiter

101

6 Thermodynamics of Adhesion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Wulff Possart and Martin E. R. Shanahan

Part II Surface Treatments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

7 General Introduction to Surface Treatments Gary Critchlow

8 Surface Treatments of Selected Materials Guy D. Davis

9 Surface Characterization and lts Role in Adhesion Science and

131

163

Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 John F. Watts

ix

X Contents

10 Use of Surface Analysis Methods to Probe the Interfacial Chemistry of Adhesion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 John F. Watts

11 Organosilanes: Adhesion Promoters and Primers Marie-Laure Abel

Part III Adhesive and Sealant Materials

12 Classification of Adhesive and Sealant Materials Erol Sancaktar

257

281

283

13 Composition of Adhesives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319 Hyun-Joong Kirn, Dong-Hyuk Lim, Hyeon-Deuk Hwang, and Byoung-Ho Lee

14 Adhesive Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 Eric Papon

15 Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives (PSAs) Charles W. Paul and Eric Silverberg

16 Selection of Adhesives Ewen J. C. Kellar

Part IV Testing of Adhesive Properties

373

409

431

17 Physical Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433 David A. Dillard

18 Thermal Properties of Adhesives John Comyn

459

19 Failure Strength Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489 Lucas F. M. da Silva, Ricardo J. C. Carbas, and Mariana D. Banea

20 Fracture Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523 Bamber R. K. Blackman

21 Impact Tests Luca Goglio

555

22 Special Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593 David A. Dillard and Tetsuo Yamaguchi

Part V Joint Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613

23 Constitutive Adhesive and Sealant Models Erol Sancaktar

615

Contents xi

24 Analytical Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665 Liyong Tong and Quantian Luo

25 Numerical Approach: Finite Element Analysis lan A. Ashcroft and Aamir Mubashar

26 Special Numerical Techniques to Joint Design Andreas Öchsner

27 Design Rules and Methods to lmprove Joint Strength Lucas F. M. da Silva, Eduardo A. S. Marques, and Raul D. S. G. Campilho

701

741

773

28 Design with Sealants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 811 Gregory L. Anderson

29 Design for Impact Loads Chiaki Sato

829

30 Vibration Damping of Adhesively Bonded Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 853 Robert D. Adams, Duncan G. A. Cooper, and Stuart Pearson

Volume 2

Part VI Durability

31 Effect ofWater and Mechanical Stress on Durability lan A. Ashcroft, John Comyn, and Aamir Mubashar

877

879

32 Adhesives in Space Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915 Sabine Dagras, Julien Eck, Claire Tonon, and Denis Lavielle

33 Fatigue Load Conditions Ian A. Ashcroft

941

34 Creep Load Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 975 Paul Ludwig Geiß and Melanie Schumann

35 Durability of Nonstructural Adhesives James D. Palmer

Part VII Manufacture

1009

1029

36 Storage of Adhesives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 l Hans K. Engeldinger and Cai R. Lim

37 Preparation for Bonding .............. •. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1051 Andreas Lutz

xii Contents

38 Equipment for Adhesive Bonding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1091 Manfred Peschka

39 Environment and Safety Ansgar van Halteren

Part VIII Quality Control

40 Quality Control of Raw Materials Kazutami Wakabayashi

1117

1127

1129

41 Processing Quality Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1151 Kosuke Haraga

42 Nondestructive Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1171 Robert D. Adams

43 Techniques for Post-fracture Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1195 Romain Creac 'hcadec

Part IX Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1233

44 Adhesively Bonded Joints in Aircraft Structures L. John Hart-Smith

1235

45 Aerospace lndustry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1285 Christian Desagulier, Patrick Peres, and Guy Larnac

46 Automotive lndustry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1333 Klaus Dilger, Bernd Burchardt, and Michael Frauenhofer

47 Adhesive Bonding for Railway Application Yasuaki Suzuki

1367

48 Marine lndustry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1391 Peter Davies

49 Civil Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1419 Stefan Böhm, Martin Kahlmeyer, Andreas Winkel, and Ilko Hartung

50 Electrical lndustry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1449 Kwang-Seok Kirn, Jong-Woong Kirn, and Seung-Boo Jung

51 Shoe lndustry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1483 Jose Miguel Martin-Martinez

52 Oil lndustry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1533 Silvio de Barros, Luiz C. M. Meniconi, Valber A. Perrut, and Carlos E. Reuther de Siqueira

Contents xiii

Part X Emerging Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1557

53 Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Molecular Orbital Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1559 Ya-Pu Zhao, Feng-Chao Wang, and Mei Chi

54 Bioadhesives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1597 Katharina Richter, Ingo Grunwald, and Janek von Byern

55 Biological Fibrillar Adhesives: Functional Principles and Biomimetic Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1641 Stanislav N. Gorb and Lars Heepe

56 Adhesives with Nanoparticles Ambrose C. Taylor

1677

57 Adhesive Dentistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1703 John W. Nicholson

58 Adhesion in Medicine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1729 Robin A. Ch ivers

59 Recycling and Environmental Aspects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1751 Chiaki Sato

60 Adhesion Technology Recap: Current and Emerging Areas . . . . . 1775 Lucas F. M. da Silva, Andreas Öchsner, and Robert D. Adams

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1785