halaman 1 mata kuliah: j0084 / introduction to management and business tahun: 2007 versi: 1 / 3...
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Halaman 1
Mata kuliah : J0084 / Introduction to Management and Business
Tahun : 2007Versi : 1 / 3
Pertemuan 09 (Ninth Meeting)
Leadership
Halaman 2
Learning Outcome
Student should be able to implement style of leadership that appropriate with the situation within the organization -> C3
Halaman 3
Learning Outline
• Who Are Leaders and What Is Leadership• Early Leadership Theories• Contingency Theories of Leadership• Contemporary Views on Leadership• Leadership Issues in the Twenty-First Century
Halaman 4
1. What Are Leaders
Leader is someone who can influence others and who has managerial authority
Halaman 5
What is Leadership
Leadership is what leaders do, more specifically, it’s process of influencing a group to achieve goals
Are Managers leaders?
Halaman 6
1) Drive
2) Desire to lead
3) Honesty and integrity
4) Self-confidence
5) Intelligence
6) Job-relevant knowledge
7) Extraversion
2. Early Leadership Theories
a. Trait Theories
Halaman 7
b. Behavioral Theories
University of Iowa 1) Democratic style
2) Autocratic style
3) Laissez-faire style
Ohio State University 1) Consideration
2) Initiating structure
University of Michigan 1) Employee oriented
2) Production oriented
Managerial Grid 1) Concern for people
2) Concern for production
Halaman 8
The Managerial Grid
1,9 9,9
9,1
5,5
1,1
Co
nce
rn f
or
Peo
ple
Concern for Production
1
1 TaskManagement
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Country ClubManagement
ImpoverishedManagement
TimManagement
Middle ofthe RoadManagement
9,1
9,1
Halaman 9
3. Contingency Theories of Leadership
a. The Fiedler Model
Developed least preferred co-worker (LPC)Questionnaire – contained 18 pairs ofcontrasting adjectives
Three contingency dimensions:1) Leader member relations: good or poor2) Task structure : high or low3) Position power : strong or weak
Halaman 10
Situation I, II, and III: were very favorable for the leader
Situation IV, V, and VI: were moderately favorable for the leader
Situation VII and VIII: were unfavorable for the leader
There are eight possible situations as follows:
Halaman 11
b. Hersey and Blanchard’s Situational Leadership Theory
Four specific leaderships style:
Telling (high task-low relationship)
Selling (high task-high relationship)
Participating (low task-high relationship)
Delegating (low task-low relationship)
R1: People are both unable and unwilling
R2: People are unable but willing
R3: People are able but unwilling
R4: People are both able and willing
Halaman 13
1) Decide
2) Consult Individually
3) Consult Group
4) Facilitate
5) Delegate
c. Leader Participation Model
Five specific leaderships style:
Halaman 14
d. Path-Goal Model
Leader Behavior
•Directive•Supportive•Participative•Achievement Oriented
•Locus of control•Experience•Perceived Ability
•Performance•Satisfaction
•Task Structure•Formal Authority System•Work Group
Environmental Contingency Factors
Outcomes
SubordinateContingency Factors
Halaman 15
4. Contemporary Views on Leadership
a. Transformational-Transactional Leadership
1) Transactional Leadership
2) Transformational Leadership
b. Charismatic-Visionary Leadership
1) Charismatic Leadership
2) Visionary Leadership
c. Team Leadership
Halaman 16
Specific Team Leadership Roles
Team LeaderRoles
Coach
ConflictManager
Liaison withExternal
Constituencies
Troubleshooter
Halaman 17
1) Managing power
a) Legitimate power
d) Expert power
b) Coercive power
c) Reward power
e) Referent power
Five sources of leader power
5. Leadership Issues in the Twenty-first Century
Halaman 18
2) Developing Trust
a) Integrity
d) Loyalty
b) Competence
c) Consistency
e) Openness
Five dimensions thatmake up the concept
of trust