guido silvestri, md · web viewguido silvestri, md personal: born in perugia, italy italian/e.u....

Guido Silvestri, MD

Guido Silvestri, MD

Personal:

Born in Perugia, Italy

Italian/E.U. Citizen & U.S. Citizen.

3014 Emory Vaccine Center bldg, 954 Gatewood Rd NE Atlanta, GA 30329

Tel. 404-727-9139 Email: [email protected]

Education and Work Experience:

Medical School: Univ. of Ancona Medical School, Italy (1987)

Residency:Allergy and Clin.Immunol., U. Florence, Italy (1990)

Internal Medicine, University of Ancona, Italy (1993)

Clinical Pathology, Univ. of Pennsylvania, (2001)

Fellowship:Postdoctoral Fellow, IRCM, Montreal and NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, 1993-6

Postdoctoral Fellow, Emory University, Atlanta, 1998-9

Licensures: Unrestricted Medical License, Italy-EU (1988)

Training Medical License, Pennsylvania (1999-2001)

Unrestricted Medical License, Michigan, (2001-2005)

Unrestricted Medical License, Pennsylvania (2005-2011)

Specialty Boards: B.C. Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Italy (1990)

B.C. Internal Medicine, Italy (1995)

B.C. Clinical Pathology, USA (2001)

Past Appt:Assistant Professor of Medicine (Tenure Track),

(2001-2005)Div. of Infectious Diseases, Dept. of Medicine

Emory University School of Medicine

Past Appt:Associate Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

(2006-2010)University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine

Director, Clinical Virology, Hospital of the U. of Pennsylvania

Current Appt.:Professor & Chair (since 2018),

(since 2010)Director, Division of Experimental Pathology

Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Emory University School of Medicine

Georgia Research Alliance Eminent Scholar in Comparative Pathology

Chief, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center

Scientific Publications (total citations = 22,831; H-index = 74)

1. Montroni M, Silvestri G, Butini L, Bartocci C, Regnery C, Danieli G. P24 antigenaemia as a predictor of good short-term immunological responsiveness to zidovudine therapy in asymptomatic HIV infection. AIDS, 1992, 6:3, 338-339

2. Montroni M, Silvestri G, Butini L, Bartocci C, Regnery C, Buffarini F, Danieli G. P24 antigenaemia and clinical response to Zidovudine therapy. AIDS, 1993, 7:3, 434-435

3.Piedimonte G, Montroni M, Silvestri G, Silvotti L, Donatini A, Rossi L, Borghetti AF, Magnani M. Phagocytosis reduces HIV-1 production in human monocytes-macrophages infected in vitro. Arch Virol 1993, 130:463-469

4.Silvestri G, Soudeyns H, Samson J, Denis F, Lapointe N, Sekaly RP. TCR Vb restricted expansion in children from HIV-infected mothers. AIDS, 1996, 10:5, 549-551

5.Piedimonte G, Guetard D, Magnani M, Corsi D, Picerno I, Spataro P, Kramer L, Montroni M, Silvestri G, Torres Roca JF, Montagnier L. Oxydative protein damage and degradation in lymphocytes from patients infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus. J Infect Dis, 1997, 176(3): 655-664

6.Silvestri G, Munoz-Calleja C, Butini L, Bagnarelli P, Montroni M. Changes in CD8 cell subpopulations induced by antiretroviral therapy in HIV infected patients. Viral Immunol,1997, 10:4 207-212

7. Silvestri G, Munoz-Calleja C, Bagnarelli P, Piedimonte G, Clementi M, Montroni M. Early increase of CD4+CD45RA+ and CD4+CD95- cells with conserved repertoire induced by antiretroviral therapy in HIV infected patients. Clin Exp Immunol, 1998, 111:3-1117.

8.Piedimonte G, Corsi D, Paiardini M, Cannavo’ G, Ientile R, Picerno I, Montroni M, Silvestri G, Magnani M. Unscheduled cyclin B expression and p34 cdc2 activation in T-lymphocytes from HIV-infected patients. AIDS, 1999, 13:1159-1164

9.Sodora DL, Douek DC, Silvestri G, Montgomery L, Rosenzweig M, Igarashi T, Bernacky B, Johnson RP, Feinberg MB, Martin MA, Koup RA. Quantification of recent thymic emigrants within peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues in two monkey species used as animal models of human disease. Eur J Immunol, 2000, 30:1145-1153

10.Soudeyns H, Champagne P, Holloway CL, Silvestri G, Ringuette N, Samsom J, Lapointe N, Sekaly RP. Transient Vbeta-specific expansions of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells during the early phase of pediatric HIV infection: characterization of expanded cell populations by T cell receptor phenotyping. J Infect Dis, 2000, 181:193-200

11.Paiardini M, Cervasi B, Galati D, Cannavo’ G, Guetard D, Montroni M, Magnani M, Piedimonte G, Silvestri G. Exogenous IL-2 administration corrects the cell cycle perturbation in lymphocytes from HIV-infected individuals. J. Virol, 2001, 10843-10855

12.Muñoz C, Costantini A, Silvestri G, Butini L, Regnery CM, Mancini S, Montroni M. Specific changes in CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subpopulations following antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected patients. AIDS, 2001, 15:1887-1890

13.Cannavo’ G, Paiardini M, Montroni M, Davico J, Magnani M, Silvestri G, Piedimonte G. Abnormal intracellular turnover of cell cycle dependent proteins in lymphocytes from HIV-infected patients: a possible link between increased turnover and exaggerated propensity to apoptosis. Blood, 2001, 97:1756-1764

14.Fraternale A, Casabianca A, Orlandi C, Chiarantini L, Brandi G, Silvestri G, Magnani M. Repeated cycles of alternate administration of Fludarabine and Zidovudine plus Didanosine inhibits murine AIDS and reduces proviral DNA content in lymph nodes to undetectable level. Virology, 2002, 302:354-362

15.Feinberg MB, Silvestri G. Suppressor T cells and immune tolerance induction: a regulatory renaissance? Nat Immunol, 2002, 3:215-217

16.Galati D, Bocchino ML, Paiardini M, Cervasi B, Silvestri G, Piedimonte G. Cell cycle dysregulation in HIV-infection: perspectives of a target based therapy. Curr Drug Targets, 2002, 2:42-51

17.Liu L, Charoudi A, Silvestri G, Wernett M, Kaiser WJ, Safrit JT, Komoriya A, Altman JD, Packard BZ, Feinberg MB. Visualization and quantitation of T-cell mediated cytotoxicity using cell-permeable fluorogenic caspase substrates. Nat Med, 2002 8:185-189

18. Chahroudi A, Silvestri G, Feinberg MB. Measuring T cell mediated cytotoxicity using fluorogeneic caspase substrates. Methods, 2003, 31:120-126

19.Costantini A, Mancini S, Giuliodoro S, Butini L, Regnery C, Silvestri G, Montroni M. Effects of cryopreservation on lymphocyte immunophenotype and function. J Immunol Methods, 2003, 278: 145-155

20.Silvestri G, Sodora DL, Koup RA, O’Neil SP, Paiardini M, McClure HM, Staprans S, Feinberg MB. Non-pathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus infection of sooty mangabeys is characterized by limited bystander immunopathology despite high levels viral replication. Immunity, 2003, 18: 341-352

21.Silvestri G, Feinberg M. Turnover of lymphocytes and conceptual paradigms in HIV-infection. J Clin Invest, 2003, 112: 821-824

22.Galati D, Paiardini M, Cervasi B, Albrecht H, Bocchino ML, Costantini A, Montroni M, Piedimonte G, Magnani M, Silvestri G. Post-translational regulation of nucleolin in the cell cycle disease of HIV-infected patients. J Infect Dis, 2003, 188:1483-1491

23.Muthukumar A, Gaudoin M-C, McClure HM, Johnson RP, Silvestri G, Sodora DL. SIV-induced T cell depletion in macaques is followed by elevated IL-7 levels at times prior to simian AIDS. Blood, 2004, 103: 973-979

24.Paiardini M, Cervasi B, Galati D, Costantino G, Dominici S, Magnani M, Silvestri G, Piedimonte G. Early correction of cell cycle abnormalities predicts a good immunological response to HAART in HIV-infected patients. AIDS, 2004, 18:393-402.

25.Garber DA, Silvestri G, Barry A, Fedanov A, Kozyr N, McClure H, Montefiori D, Larsen CP, Altman JD, Staprans S, Feinberg MB. Blockade of T-cell costimulation reveals interrelated actions of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells in control of SIV replication. J Clin Invest, 2004, 113:836-845.

26.Paiardini M, Cervasi B, Dunham R, Sumpter B, Radziewicz H, Silvestri G. Cell cycle dysregulation in the immunopathogenesis of AIDS. Immunol Res, 2004, 29:253-268.

27.Regoes R, Antia R, Garber D, Silvestri G, Feinberg MB, Staprans SI. The role of target cells and specific cellular immunity in primary SIV-infection. J Virol, 2004, 78:4866-4875.

28. Garber D, Silvestri G, Feinberg MB. Prospects for an AIDS vaccine: three big questions, no easy answers. Lancet Infect Dis, 2004, 4:397-413.

29.Staprans SI, Barry A, Silvestri G, Safrit J, Kozyr N, Sumpter B, Nguyen H, McClure H, Montefiori D, Cohen JL, Feinberg MB. Enhanced SIVsmE660 replication in macaques primed to mount a CD4 but not a CD8 response to SIV envelope. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2004, 101:13026-13031.

30.Moanna A, Dunham R, Paiardini M, Silvestri G. CD4+ T cell depletion during HIV infection: killed by friendly fire? Current HIV/AIDS Reports, 2005, 2:16-23.

31.Paiardini M, Cervasi B, Albrecht H, Muthukumar A, Dunham R, Gordon S, Piedimonte G, Magnani M, Radziewicz H, Weintrob A, Montroni M, Kaech SM, Altman JD, Sodora DL, Feinberg MB, Silvestri G. Loss of CD127 (interleukin-7 receptor) defines an expansion of CD8+ effector T cells in HIV-infected patients. J Immunol, 2005, 174:2900-9.

32.Silvestri G, Fedanov A, Germon S, Kozyr W, Kaiser WJ, McClure HM, Feinberg MF, Staprans S. Divergent host response during primary SIVsmm infection of natural and non-natural hosts. J Virol, 2005, 79:4043-4054.

33.Hurtrel B, Petit F, Arnoult D, Müller-Trutwin M, Silvestri G, Estaquier J. T cell apoptosis in SIV infection. Cell Death Differ, 2005, 12(5):1-12.

34.Chahroudi A, Chavan R, Silvestri G, Feinberg MB. Poxvirus tropism for primary hematolymphoid cells is determined by restricted expression of a virus receptor. J Virol, 2005, 79:5314-24.

35.Miller JD, Masopust D, Wherry EJ, Kaech S, Silvestri G, Ahmed R. Differentiation of CD8 T Cells in Response to Acute and Chronic Viral Infections: Implications for HIV Vaccine Development. Curr Drug Targets, 2005, 5:121-9.

36.Derdeyn C, Silvestri G. Viral and host factors in the pathogenesis of HIV infection. Curr Opin Immunol, 2005, 17:366-73.

37.Silvestri G. Naturally SIV-infected sooty mangabeys: are we closer to understanding why they do not develop AIDS? J Med Primatol, 2005, 34:243-252.

38.Muthukumar A, Zhou D, Barry A, Bilush J, Paiardini M, McClure H, Staprans SI, Silvestri G, Sodora DL. Timely triggering of homeostatic mechanisms is involved in the regulation of T cell levels in SIVsmm infected sooty mangabeys. Blood, 2005, 106(12):421-38.

39.Paiardini M, Cervasi B, Sumpter B, McClure H, Magnani M, Staprans SI, Piedimonte G, Silvestri G. Perturbations of cell cycle control in T cells are involved in determining the different outcomes of SIV-infection in rhesus macaques and sooty mangabeys. J Virol, 2006, 80:634-42.

40. Apetrei C, Lerche NW, Pandrea I, Gormus B, Metzger M, Silvestri G, Kaur A, Bohm R, Robertson DL, Hardcastle JM, Lackner AA, Marx PA. Kuru experiments as a trigger for SIVmac emergence. AIDS, 2006, 20:317-321.

41.Pandrea I, Silvestri G, Onanga R, Veazey RS, Marx PA, Hirsch V, Apetrei C. SIV Replication Dynamics in African Non-Human Primate Hosts: Common Patterns and Species-Specific Differences. J Med Primatol, 2006; 35:194-201

42.Dunham R, Pagliardini P, Gordon S. Sumpter B, Engram J, Moanna A, McClure H, Ibegbu C, Katz N, Pandrea I, Apetrei C, Sodora D, Feinberg M, Staprans SI, Silvestri G. The AIDS-resistance of naturally SIV-infected sooty mangabeys is independent of cellular immunity to the virus. Blood, 2006; 108:209-17.

43.Schindler M, Münch J, Kutsch O, Li H, Santiago M, Bibollet-Ruche F, Müller-Trutwin MC, Novembre FJ, Peeters M, Courgnaud V, Bailes E, Roques P, Sodora DL, Silvestri G, Sharp PM, Hahn BH, Kirchhoff F. Nef-mediated suppression of T cell activation was lost in a lentiviral lineage that gave rise to HIV-1. Cell, 2006: 125:1055-1067.

44. Costantini A, Giuliodoro S, Mancini S, Butini L, Regnery CM, Silvestri G, Greco F, Leoni P, Montroni M. Impaired in vitro growth of CD34+ cell-derived megakaryocytic colonies in HIV-1-infected patients with active viral replication. AIDS, 2006; 20:1713-1720.

45.Cervasi B, Paiardini M, Serafini S. Fraternale A, Engram J, Lawson B, Perno CF, Staprans SI, Silvestri G, Magnani M. Fludarabine-loaded autologous red blood cell administration induces macrophage depletion in chronically SIV infected Sooty Mangabeys via a pSTAT1 dependent pathway. J Virol, 2006; 80:10335-45.

46.Brenchley JM, Price DA, Schacker TW, Asher TE, Silvestri G, Kazzaz Z, Lambotte O, Altman D, Blazar B, Rodriguez B, Landay A, Spritzler J, Martin J, Hecht R, Louis J. Picker LJ, Lederman MM, Deeks S, Douek DC. Microbial translocation and immune activation: consequences of mucosal damage in HIV infection. Nat Med, 2006; 12:1365-71.

47. Magnani M, Paiardini M, Cervasi B, Serafini S, Fraternale A, Silvestri G. Fludarabine delivery by autologous red blood cells induces macrophage depletion in chronically SIV-infected Sooty Mangabeys. J Control Release. 2006 Nov 28;116(2):e45-7.

48.Pandrea I, Apetrei C, Dufour J, Mefford M, Bohm R, Kaur A, Marx PA, Lackner AA, Veazey RS, Silvestri G. Paucity of CD4+CCR5+ T-cells is a typical feature of natural SIV hosts. Blood, 2007; 109:1069-1076.

49. Sumpter B, Dunham R, Gordon S, Engram J, Hennessy M, Kinter A, Paiardini M, Cervasi B, Klatt N, McClure H, Milush JM, Staprans SI, Sodora DL, Silvestri G. Correlates of preserved CD4+ T-cell homeostasis during natural, non-pathogenic SIV infection of sooty mangabeys: implications for AIDS pathogenesis. J Immunol, 2007; 178:1680-91.

50.Gautam R, Katz N, Butler IF, Barnes M, Hasegawa A, Ratterree M, Silvestri G, Marx PAS, Hirsch VM, Pandrea IV, Apetrei C. In vitro characterization of Primary SIVsmm isolates belonging to different lineages. In vitro growth on rhesus macaque cells is not predictive for in vivo replication in rhesus macaques. Virology, 2007; 362:257-70.

51.Apetrei C, Gautam R, Carter AC, Pattison M, Sumpter BS, Staprans SI, Else J, Ribka E, Cao B, Gaufin T, Barnes M, Milush JM, Sodora DL, Pandrea I, Silvestri G. SIVsmm subtypes induce specific immunologic and virologic changes in naturally-infected sooty mangabeys and experimentally-infected rhesus macaques. J Virol, 2007; 8115:7913-7923.

52.Barry A, Silvestri G, Safrit JT, Sumpter B, Kozyr N, McClure HM, Staprans SI, Feinberg MB. Depletion of CD8+ cell in sooty mangabey monkeys naturally infected with SIV reveals limited role for immune control of SIV replication in a natural host species. J Immunol, 2007, 178: 8002-8012.

53. Bosinger SE, Sheth PM, Danesh A, Noay L, Halpenny R, Gordon SN, Staprans SI, Silvestri G, Kovacs C, Kaul R, Kelvin DJ. Ex vivo stimulatory capacity of TLR3 and TLR4 is reduced in HIV-infected rapid progressors and enhanced long-term non-progressors. J Infect Developing Countries, 2007, Vol. 1

54. Pandrea I, Barbercheck J, Gautam R, Brown CR, Krummrich I, Rasmussen T, Hirsch VM, Silvestri G, Lackner AA, Veazey RS, Apetrei C. Dramatic loss of intestinal CD4+ T cells during SIVagm infection in non-progressive hosts. J Immunol, 2007; 179:3035-46.

55.Gordon SN, Engram J, Bosinger SE, Milush JM, Dunham R, Klatt N, Strobert EA, Apetrei C, Pandrea I, Staprans SI, Sodora DL, Silvestri G. Severe depletion of mucosal CD4+ T-cells in AIDS-free SIV-infected sooty mangabeys. J Immunol, 2007; 179-3026-3034.

56. Milush JM, Reeves JD, Zhou D, Muthukumar A, Chacko E, Cole KS, Giavedoni L, Paiardini M, Gordon S, Barry AP, Staprans SI, Silvestri G, Sodora DL. Virally-induced CD4+ T cell depletion is not sufficient to induce AIDS in a natural host. J Immunol, 2007; 179:3047-56.

57.Monceaux V., Viollet L, Petit F, Cumont MC, Kaufmann GR, Aubertin AM, Hurtrel B, Silvestri G, Estaquier J. CD4+CCR5+ T-cell dynamics during SIV infection of Chinese rhesus macaques. J Virol, 2007; 81:13865-75.

58. Silvestri G, Paiardini M, Pandrea I, Lederman MM, Sodora DL. Understanding the benign nature of SIV infection in natural hosts. J Clin Invest, 2007; 117:3148-54.

59. Sodora DL, Silvestri G. Immune activation and pathogenesis of AIDS. AIDS, 2008; 22:439-446.

60.Cumont M-C, Diop O, Vaslin B, Viollet L, Monceaux V, Lay S, Silvestri G, Le Grand R, Müller-Trutwin M, Hurtrel B, J. Estaquier. Divergence in apoptosis outcome during primary infection of pathogenic andnonpathogenic primate models. J Virol, 2008, 82:1175-1184..

61.Kosub DA, Lehrman G, Milush JM, Zhou D, Chacko E, Leone A, Silvestri G, Else J, Keiser P, Jain M, and Sodora DL. Gamma/Delta T cell functional responses differ following pathogenic HIV and non-pathogenic SIV infections J Virol, 2008; 82:1175-84.

62.Gordon SN, Dunham RM, Engram JC, Estes J, Wang Z, Klatt NR, Pandrea IV, Apetrei C, Sodora DL, Lee HY, Haase AT, Miller MD, Kaur A, Staprans SI, Perelson AS, Feinberg MB, Silvestri G. Short-lived infected cells support virus replication in naturally SIV-infected sooty mangabeys: implications for AIDS pathogenesis. J Virol, 2008, 82:3713-3724.

63. Paiardini M, Frank I, Apetrei C, Pandrea I, Silvestri G. Mucosal immune dysfunction in AIDS pathogenesis. AIDS Reviews, 2008, 10:36-46.

64.Pandrea I, Ribeiro RM, Gautam R, Gaufin T, Pattison M, Barnes M, Monjure C, Stoulig C, Silvestri G, Miller M, Perelson AS, Apetrei CA. SIVagm dynamics in African green monkeys. J Virol, 2008, 82:3713-3724.

65. Dunham R, Cervasi B, Brenchley J, Albrecht H, Weintrob A, Sumpter B, Engram J, Gordon S, Klatt N, Piedimonte G, Sodora D, Douek D, Paiardini M, Silvestri G. Expression of the IL-2 and IL-7 receptor on CD4+ T cells defines cell subsets that are differentially depleted during HIV-infection. J Immunol, 2008; 180:5582-92.

66.Kirchhoff F, Silvestri G. Nef-mediated hematosuppression and AIDS pathogenesis. J Clin Invest, 2008, 118:1622-5.

67.Estes JD, Gordon SN, Zeng M, Chahroudi A, Dunham R, Staprans SI, Reilly C, Silvestri G, Haase AT. Early induction of PD-1 and resolution of acute immune activation in SIV-infected sooty mangabeys J Immunol, 2008, 180:6798-807.

68. Pandrea I, Onanga R, Sauquire S, Mouinga-Ondeme A, Bourry O, Makuwa M, Rouquet P, Silvestri G, Simon F, Roques P, Apetrei C. Paucity of CD4+CCR5+ T-cells may prevent breastfeeding transmission of SIV in natural non-human primate hosts. J Virol, 2008, 82:5501-09.

69. Klatt NR, Villinger F, Bostik P, Gordon SN, Pereira L, Engram JC, Mayne A, Dunham R, Lawson B, Sodora DL, Else J, Reimann K, Staprans SI, Estes JD, Silvestri G, Ansari AA. Availability of activated CD4+ T-cells is a major determinant of set-point viremia during natural SIV Infection of sooty mangabeys J Clin Invest, 2008, 118:2039-49.

70.Pandrea I, Sodora DL, Silvestri G, Apetrei C. Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection in natural hosts. Trends Immunol, 2008; 29:419-28.

71. Schindler M, Specht A, Li H, Münch J, Sodora DL, Hahn BH, Silvestri G, Kirchhoff F. Protective nef functions in natural SIV infection. PLoS Pathogens 2008 Jul 18; 4(7):e1000107.

72.Brenchley JM, Paiardini M, Asher AI, Cervasi B, Asher T, Scheinberg P, Price DA, Frank I, Else J, Khoruts A, Schacker T, Silvestri G, Douek DC. Preferential Loss of Th17 CD4 T cells in the gastro-intestinal tract of HIV-infected individuals. Blood, 2008; 112:2826-35.

73. Meier A, Fisher A, Sidhu HK, Chang JJ, Wen TF, Streek H, Alter G, Silvestri G, Altfeld M. Rapid Loss of Dendritic Cell and Monocyte Responses to TLR ligands following Venipuncture. J Immunol Meth, 2008; 339:132-40.

74. Muthumani, Choo AY, Shedlock DJ, Laddy DJ, Sundaram SG, Hirao L, Wu L, Thieu KP, Chung CW, Lankaram KM, Tebas P, Silvestri G, Weiner DB. HIV-1 Nef induces Programmed Death (PD)-1 expression through a p38 MAPK dependent mechanism. J Virol, 2008; 82:11117-28.

75.Richardson MW, Carroll MG., Stremlau M, Korokhov M, Humeau LM, Silvestri G, Sodroski J, Riley JL. Mode of transmission affects the ability of HIV-1 to escape rhesus TRIM5 restriction. J Virol, 2008; 182:11117-28.

76.Silvestri G. AIDS pathogenesis: a tale of two monkeys. J Med Primatol, 2008, S2:6-12.

77. Paiardini M, Hoffman J, Cervasi B, Ortiz AM, Stroud F, Silvestri G, Wilson ME. T-Cell Phenotypic and Functional Changes Associated with Social Subordination and Gene Polymorphisms in the Serotonin Reuptake Transporter in Female Rhesus Monkeys. Brain Behav Immun 2009, 23:286-293.

78. Pandrea I, Silvestri G, Apetrei C. AIDS in African Nonhuman Primate Hosts of SIVs: A New Paradigm of SIV Infection. Curr HIV Rep 2009; 7;57-72.

79. Velu V, Titanji K, Hussain S, Pladavega A, Lai L, Vanderford T, Chennareddi L, Silvestri G, Freeman GJ, Ahmed R, Amara RR. Blockade of Programmed Death-1 Restores Adaptive Antiviral Immunity in SIV-Infected Macaques. Nature 2009; 458:206-210.

80. Paiardini M Apetrei C, Pandrea I, Silvestri G,. Lessons learned from the natural hosts of HIV-related viruses. Annu Rev Med 2009; 60:485-495.

81.Silvestri G. Immunity in natural SIV infections. J Intern Med 2009; 265:97-109.

82.Paiardini M, Cervasi B, Engram JC, Gordon S, Klatt N, Muthukumar A, Else J, Staprans SI, Sodora DL, Silvestri G. Bone marrow-based homeostatic proliferation of mature T-cells in non-human primates: implications for AIDS pathogenesis. Blood 2009; 113:612-21.

83.Gornalusse G, Mummidi S, He W, Silvestri G, Bamshad M, Ahuja SK. CCL3L copy number variation and the co-evolution of primate and viral genomes. PLoS Genetics 2009; 5:1, e1000359.

84.Giri MS, Nebozyhn M, Raymond A, Gekonge B, Hancock A, Creer S, Nicols C, Yousef M, Foulkes AS, Mounzer K, Shull J, Silvestri G, Kostman J, Collman RG, Showe L, Montaner LJ. Circulating monocytes in HIV-1-infected viremic subjects exhibit an antiapoptosis gene signature and virus- and host-mediated apoptosis resistance. J Immunol 2009, 182:4459-70.

85. Schmökel J, Li H, Bailes E, Schindler M, Silvestri G, Hahn BH, Apetrei C, Kirchhoff F. Conservation of Nef function across highly diverse lineages of SIVsmm. Retrovirology 2009, 6:36.

86.Ortiz AM, Silvestri G. Immunopathogenesis of AIDS. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2009; 11:239-245.

87. Tatsis N, Lasaro MO, Lin SW, Xiang Z, Zhou DM, Dimenna L, Li H, Bian A, Abdulla S, Li Y, Giles-Davis W, Engram J, Silvestri G, Ertl HC, Betts MR. Adenovirus vector-induced immune responses in nonhuman primates: responses to p[rime boost regimens. J Immunol 2009, 182:6587-99.

88.Sereti I, Dunham R, Spritzler J, Aga E, Proschan P, Medvik K, Battaglia C, Landay A, Pahwa S, Fischl M, Asmuth D, Tenorio A, Fox L, Moir S, Malaspina A, More M, Engel J, Anthony S. Silvestri G, Lederman MM. IL-7 administration drives T-cell cycle entry and expansion in HIV-1 infection. Blood 2009, 113:6304-6314

89. Engram JC, Dunham RM, Makedonas G, Sumpter B, Klatt NR, Gordon SN, Cervasi B, Paiardini M, Chahroudi M, Altman JD, Staprans SI, Betts MR, Garber DA, Feinberg MB, Silvestri G. Vaccine-induced, SIV-specific CD8+ T-cells reduce virus replication but do not protect from SIV disease progression. J Immunol 2009, 183:606-17.

90. Lay MDH, Petrovic J, Gordon SN, Engram J, Silvestri G, Davenport M. Is the gut the major source of virus in early SIV infection? J Virol 2009, 83:6517-23.

91. Keele BF, Jones JH, Terio KA, Estes JD, Rudicell RS, Wilson ML, Li Y, Learn GH, Beasley TM, Schumacher-Stankey J, Wroblewski E, Mosser A,, Raphael J, Kamenya S, Lonsdorf EV, Else JG, Silvestri G, Goodall J, Sharp PM, Shaw GM, Pusey AE, Hahn BH. Increased Mortality and AIDS-like Immunopathology in Wild Chimpanzees Infected with SIVcpz . Nature, 2009, 460: 515-9.

92. Sodora DL, Allan JS, Apetrei C, Brenchley JM, Douek DC, Else JG, Estes JD, Hahn BH, Hirsch VM, Kaur A, Kirchhoff F, Muller-Trutwin M, Pandrea IV, Schmitz JE, Silvestri G. Towards an AIDS vaccine: Lessons from natural SIV infections of African nonhuman primate hosts. Nat Med 2009, 15:861-65.

93. Costantini A, Giuliodoro S, Butini L, Regnery C, Silvestri G, Leoni P, Montroni M..Longitudinal analysis of the effects of antiretroviral therapy on erythropoiesis during HIV-1 infection. J AIDS 2009; 52:70-74.

94. Shedlock DJ, Silvestri G, Weiner DB. Monkeying around with HIV vaccines: are rhesus macaques “gatekeepers” for clinical trials? Nat Rev Immunol 2009; 9:717-28.

95.Durudas A, Milush JM, Chen HL, Engram J, Silvestri G, Sodora DL. Elevated innate immune modulators in lymph nodes and blood are associated with more rapid disease progression in SIV infected monkeys. J Virol 2009, 83:12229-40.

96. Jacquelin B, Mayau V, Targat B, Liovat AS, Kunkel D, PetitjeanG, DilliesMA, Roques P, Butor C, Giavedoni LD, Lebon P, Silvestri G, Barré-Sinoussi F, Benecke A, Müller-Trutwin MC. Strong but rapidly controlled interferon type I response in nonpathogenic SIV Infection of african green monkeys. J Clin Invest 2009, 119:3544-55.

97. Bosinger SE, Li Q, Gordon SN, DUAN L, Klatt NR, Xu L, Smith AJ, Sidahmed A, Danesh A, Ran L, Vanderford T, Paiardini M, Baldwin D, Else JG, Masopust D, Carlsi JV, Staprans SI, Silvestri G, Haase AT, Kelvin D. Molecular signature of the host response to SIV Infection in rhesus macaques and sooty mangabeys J Clin Invest 2009, 119:3556-70

98. Klatt NR, Shudo E, Ortiz AM, Engram JC, Paiardini M, Lawson B, Miller MD, Else J, Schmitz JE, Ribeiro R, Perelson AS, Silvestri G. Depletion of CD8+ T cells does not affect the lifespan of infected cells during pathogenic SIVmac239 Infection of rhesus macaques. PLoS Pathogens 2010 Jan 29;6(1):e1000747.

99. Taaffe J, Chahroudi A, Engram J, Sumpter B, Meeker T, Ratcliffe S, Paiardini M, Else J, Silvestri G. A five-year longitudinal analysis of naturally SIV-infected sooty mangabeys reveals a slow but progressive CD4+ T-cell decline whose magnitude is not predicted by viral load or immune activation. J Virol 2010; 84:5476-84.

100. Costantini A, Gioliodoro S, Butini L, Silvestri G, Leoni P, Montroni M. HIV-induced abnormalities in myelopoiesis and their recovery following antiretroviral therapy. Curr HIV Res 2010; 8:336-9.

101.Li B, Cole KS, Gordon SN, Else J, Mulenga J, Allen S, Sodora DL, Silvestri G, Derdeyn C. Nonpathogenic SIV infection of Sooty Mangabeys is not associated with high levels of autologous neutralizing antibodies. J Virol 2010; 84:6248-53.

102.Brenchley JM, Silvestri G, Douek DC. Nonprogressive and Progressive Primate Immunodeficiency Lentivirus Infections. Immunity, 2010; 32:737-42.

103. Silvestri G, Sodora DL. HIV, Th17 cells, and mucosal immunity: where we are and where we go from here. Curr Opin HIV & AIDS, 2010; 5:111-113.

104.Chahroudi A, Silvestri G. Interleukin-7 in HIV infection. Eur Cytokine Network 2010; 21:202-7.

105.Engram JC, Cervasi B, Gordon SN, Klatt NR, Muthukumar A, Sodora DL, Mittler RS, Borghans J, DeBoer R, Silvestri G, Paiardini M. Kinetics of homeostatic CD4+ and CD8+ T cell repopulation after antibody-mediated depletion in Rhesus Macaques and Sooty Mangabeys. Blood 2010; 116: 748-58.

106. Harris LD, Tabb B, Sodora D, Paiardini M, Silvestri G, Pandrea I, Apetrei C, Hirsch V, Lifson JD, Brenchley JM, Estes JD. Down-regulation of robust acute Type I IFN responses distinguishes non-pathogenic SIV Infection in sooty mangabeys and african green monkeys from pathogenic SIV Infection of rhesus macaques. J Virol 2010; 84:7886-91.

107. Reddick NE, Hermann EA, Loftin LM, Eliott SH, Wey W, Cervasi B, Taaffe J, Engram J, Else JG, Hahn BH, Derdeyn CA, Sodora DL, Apetrei C, Paiardini M, Silvestri G, Collman RG. A Novel CCR5 Mutation Common in Sooty Mangabeys Reveals SIVsmm Infection of CCR5-Null Natural Hosts and Efficient Alternative Coreceptor Use In Vivo. PLoS Pathogens 2010; 6(8) e1001064

108. Kouyos RD, Gordon SN, Staprans SI, Silvestri G, Regoes RR. Similar impact of CD8+ T cell responses on early virus dynamics during SIV infections of rhesus macaques and sooty mangabeys. PLoS Comp Biol 2010; 6(8) e1000901

109. Chan ML, Petrovic J, Ortiz AM,, Engram J, Paiardini M, Cromer D, Silvestri G, Davenport M. Weak homeostatic CD4+ T cell proliferative response leads to preservation of CD4+ T cell counts in SIV-infected Sooty Mangabeys. Proc R Soc Med 2010; 277: 3773-81.

110. Gordon SN, Odorizzi P, Paiardini M, Cervasi B, Engram J, Aberra F, Ginsburg G, Estes JD, Frank I, Silvestri G. Disruption of intestinal CD4+ T cell homeostasis is a key marker of systemic CD4+ T cell activation in HIV-infected individuals. J Immunol 2010; 185:5169-79.

111. Estes JD, Harris LD, Klatt NR, Tabb B, Pitaluga S, Paiardini M, Barclay R, Smedley J, Pung R, Douek DC, Oliveira KM, Silvestri G, Miller CJ, Haase AT, Lifson JD, Brenchley JM. Damaged Intestinal Epithelial Integrity and Microbial Translocation in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infections. PLoS Pathogens 2010; 6(9) e1001052.

112.Vanderford T, Adamski J, Silvestri G. HIV associated immune activation. HIV Therapy 2010; 4:161-77.

113. Lasaro MO, Haut HL, Zhou Z, Xiang X, Zhou D, Li Y, Gile-Davis W, Engram JC, Dimenna L, Bing A, Sazanovich M, Parzych EM, Kurupati RK, Small JC, Wu TL, Leskowitz RM, Klatt N, Brenchley JM, Garber, Lewis M, Ratcliffe SJ, Betts MR, Silvestri G, Ertl HC. Vaccine-induced T cells provide partial protection against high dose rectal SIVmac239 challenge of rhesus macaques. Mol Ther 2011; 19:417-26.

114. Milush J, Mir K, Sundaravaradan V, Gordon S, Engram J, Reeves J, Anton E, O’Neill E, Butler E, Hancock K, Cole K, Brenchley J, Else J, Silvestri G, Sodora DL. Lack of clinical AIDS in SIV-infected sooty mangabeys with significant CD4+ T cell loss is associated with double-negative T cells. J Clin Invest 2011; 121:1102-10.

115. D'Ettorre G, Paiardini M, Ceccarelli G, Silvestri G, Vullo V. HIV-associated immune activation: from bench to bedside. AIDS Res Human Retroviruses 2011; 27:355-364.

116. Zeng M, Smith AJ, Feldman DJ, Wietgrefe SW, Southern PJ, Schacker TW, Reilly CS, Estes JD, Burton GF, Silvestri G, Lifson JD, Carlis JV, Haase AT. Cumulative mechanisms of lymphatic tissue fibrosis and T cell depletion in immunodeficiency virus infections. J Clin Invest 2011; 121:998-1008.

117.Rotger M, Dalmau J, Rauch A, McLaren P, Bosinger SE, Perkins M, Battegay M, Bernasconi E, Descombes P, Erkizia I, Fellay J, Hirschel B, Miró JM, Palou E, Hoffmann M, Woods M, Günthard HF, de Bakker P, Douek DC, Silvestri G, Martinez-Picado J, Telenti A. Comparative transcriptomics of extreme phenotypes of human HIV-1 infection and SIV infection of sooty mangabey and rhesus macaque. J Clin Invest 2011; 121:2391-2400.

118. Vanderford TH, Bleckwehl C, Engram JC, Dunham RM, Klatt NR, Feinberg MB, Garber DA, Betts MR, Silvestri G. Viral CTL escape mutants are generated in lymph nodes and subsequently become fixed in plasma and rectal mucosa during acute SIV infection of macaques. PLoS Pathogens 2011 May;7(5):e1002048

119.Chahroudi AM, Meeker T, Lawson B, Ratcliffe S, Else JG, Silvestri G. Vertical transmission of SIV is rare in sooty mangabeys and is associated with low viremia. J Virol 2011; 85:5757-63.

120. D'Ettorre G, Paiardini M, Zaffiri L, Andreotti M, Ceccarelli G, Rizza C, Indinnimeo M, Vella S, Mastroianni CM, Silvestri G, Vullo V. HIV Persistence in the Gut Mucosa of HIV-Infected Subjects Undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy Correlates with Immune Activation and Increased Levels of LPS. Curr HIV Res 2011; 9:148-153.

121.Paiardini M, Cervasi B, Reyes-Aviles E, Ortiz AM, Chahroudi AM, Vinton C, Gordon SN, Bosinger SE, Francella N, Hallberg PL, Schlub T, Chan ML, Riddick NE, Collman RG, Apetrei C, Pandrea I, Else J, Davenport MP, Brenchley JM, Silvestri G. Low levels of SIV infection in sooty mangabey central-memory CD4+ T-cells is associated with limited CCR5 expression. Nat Med 2011; 17:830-6.

122. Reed DL, Currier RW, Walton SF, Conrad M, Sullivan SA, Carlton JM, Read TD, Severini A, Tyler S, Eberle R, Johnson WE, Silvestri G, Clarke IN, Lagergård T, Lukehart SA, Unemo M, Shafer WM, Beasley RP, Bergström T, Norberg P, Davison AJ, Sharp PM, Hahn BH, Blomberg J. The evolution of infectious agents in relation to sex in animals and humans: brief discussions of some individual organisms. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2011; 1230:74-107

123. Bosinger SE, Sodora DL, Silvestri G. Generalized immune activation and innate immune responses in SIV infection. Curr Opin HIV & AIDS 2011; 6:411-8.

124. Vinton C, Klatt NR, Harris LD, Briant JA, Sanders-Beer BE, Herbert R, Woodward R, Silvestri G, Pandrea I, Apetrei C, Hirsch VM, Brenchely JM. CD4-like immunological function by CD4- T cells in multiple natural hosts for SIV. J Virol 2011; 85:8702-8.

125. Kwa S, Kannanganat S, Nigam P, Siddiqui M, Dyavar R, Armstrong W, Ansari AA, Bosinger SE, Silvestri G, Amara RR. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells are recruited to the colorectum and contribute to immune activation during pathogenic SIV infection in rhesus macaques. Blood, 2011; 118:2763-73.

126. Lakhashe SK, Silvestri G, Ruprecht RM. No Acquisition: a New Ambition for HIV Vaccine Development? Curr Opin Virol, 2011; 1:246-53.

127. Elemans M, Seich al Basatena NK, Klatt NR, Gkekas C, Silvestri G, Asquith B. Why don’t CD8+ T cells reduce the lifespan of SIV-infected cells in vivo. PLoS Comp Biol, 2011; 7(9):e1002200.

128.Durudas A, Chen HL, Gasper MA, Sundaravaradan V, Milush JM, Silvestri G, Johnson WE, Giavedoni LD, Sodora DL. Differential innate immune responses following low or high dose oral SIV challenge in Rhesus macaques. Curr HIV Res, 2011; 9:276-288.

129. Ortiz AM, Klatt NR, Li B, Li Y, Tabb B, Hao XP, Sternberg L, Lawson BO, Carnathan P, Cramer EM, Engram JC, Little DM, Ryzhova E, Gonzalez-Scarano F, Paiardini M, Ansari AA, Ratcliffe S, Else JG, Brenchley JM, Collman RG, Estes JD, Derdeyn CA, Silvestri G. Depletion of CD4+ T-cells abrogates post-peak decline of viremia in SIV-infected rhesus macaques. J Clin Invest, 2011; 121:4433-45.

130.Apetrei C, Sumpter BS, Souquiere S, Makuwa M, Reed T, Paiardini M, Pandrea I, Roques P, Silvestri G. Immunovirological analyses of chronically SIVmnd-1- and SIVmnd-2-infected mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx). J Virol, 2011; 85:13077-87.

131. Bosinger SE, Johnson ZP, Silvestri G. Non-human primate genomes for biomedicine. Nat Biotechnol, 2011; 29:983-4.

132. Puga I, Cols M, Barra C, He B, Cassis L, Gentile M, Comerma L, Chrony A, Shan M, Xu WF, Magri G, Knowles DM, Tam W, Chiu A, Bussel JB, Serrano S, Lorente JA, Belosillo B, Lloreta J, Juanpere N, Alameda F, Diaz de Heredia C, Toran N, Catala A, Torrebadell M, Fortuny C, Cusi V, Carreras C, Diaz G, Blander JM, Farber CM, Silvestri G, Cunningham-Rundles C, Duforu C, Notarangelo L, Lougaris V, Plebani A, Casanova JL, Arostegui JI, Manel J, Yague J, Mahloui N, Donadieu J, Chan K, Cerutti A. B–helper neutrophils stimulate immunoglobulin diversification and production in the marginal zone of the spleen. Nat Immunol, 2011; 13:170-180.

133.Klatt NR, Canary L, Vinton C, Lafont B, Cronise H, Swerczek J, Picker LJ, Silvestri G, Brenchley JM. Dynamics of SIVmac239 infection in pigtail macaques. J Virol, 2012; 86:1203-1213

134. Taaffe J, Bosinger SE, Paiardini M, Else J, Migone T, Silvestri G. CCR5 blockade is well tolerated and induce changes in the tissue distribution of CCR5+ and CD25+ T cells in healthy, SIV-uninfected rhesus macaques J Med Primatol, 2012; 41:24-42.

135. Bosinger SE, Jacquelin B, Benecke A, Silvestri G, Müller-Trutwin M. Systems biology of natural SIV infections. Curr Opin HIV & AIDS, 2012, 7:71-78

136. Elliott STC, Riddick NE, Francella N, Paiardini M, Vanderford TH, Li B, Apetrei C, Sodora DL, Derdeyn CA, Silvestri G, Collman RG. Cloning and analysis of sooty mangabey alternative coreceptors that support SIVsmm entry independently of CCR5. J Virol, 2012; 86:898-908.

137.Klatt NR, Silvestri G, Hirsch V. Nonpathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus infections. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2012; 2(1):a007153.

138.Chahroudi A, Silvestri G. IRIS pathogenesis: dissecting the immunological rainbow of HIV infection. Blood, 2012; 119:2971-2

139Klatt NR, Silvestri G. HIV and CD4+ T cells: a dangerous pas-de-deux. Science Transl Med, 2012; 4:123ps4

140.Chahroudi A, Bosinger SE, Vanderford TH, Paiardini M, Silvestri G. Natural SIV hosts: showing AIDS the door. Science, 2012; 335:1188-93.

141. Shetty RD, Velu V, Titanji K, Bosinger SE, Freeman G, Silvestri G, Amara RR. PD-1 blockade during chronic SIV infection reduces hyperimmune activation and microbial translocation in rhesus macaques, J Clin Invest, 2012; 122:1712-16.

142.Mir KD, Bosinger SE, Gasper M, Ho O, Else JG, Brenchley JM, Kelvin DJ, Sivestri G, Hu SL, Sodora DL. SIV-induced alterations in monocyte TNF-a production contribute to reduced immune activation in sooty mangabeys. J Virol, 2012; 86:7605-15.

143. Vanderford TH, Slichter C, Rogers KA, Lawson BO, Obaede R, Else J, Villinger F, Bosinger SE, Silvestri G. Treatment of SIV-infected sooty mangabeys with a type-I IFN agonist results in decreased virus replication without inducing hyper immune activation. Blood, 2012; 119:5750-7.

144.Boliar S, Tran TC, Carnathan DG, Armstrong WS, Silvestri G, Derdeyn C. B-lymphocyte Dysfunction in Chronic HIV-1 Infection Does Not Prevent Cross-clade Neutralization Breadth. J Virol, 2012; 86:8031-40.

145. Zeng M, Paiardini, Engram J, Schacker TW, Silvestri G, Haase AT. Critical role for CD4 T cells in maintaining lymphoid tissue structure for homeostasis and immune reconstitution. Blood, 2012; 120:1856-67.

146. Klatt NR, Estes JD, Sun X, Ortiz AM, Harris LD, Cervasi B, Yokomizo LK, Vinton CL, Tabb B, Canary LA, Dang Q, Hirsch VM, Alter G, Belkaid Y, Lifson JD, Silvestri G, Milner JD, Paiardini M, Haddad EK, Brenchley JM. Loss of mucosal CD103+ DCs and IL-17+ and IL-22+ lymphocytes is associated with mucosal damage in SIV infection. Mucosal Immunol, 2012; May 30. doi: 10.1038/mi.2012.38.

147.Mir KD, Mavigner M, Silvestri G. The Myeloid Cytokine Network in AIDS Pathogenesis. Cytokine Growth Factors Rev, 2012; 23:223-31.

148.Deeks SG, Autran B, Berkhout B, Benkirane M, Cairns S, Chomont N, Chun TW, Churchill M, Di Mascio M, Katlama C, Lafeuillade A, Landay A, Lederman M, Lewin S, Maldarelli F, Margolis D, Markowitz M, Martinez-Picado J, Mellors J, Moreno S, Mullins J, O'Doherty U, Palmer S, Penicaud MC, B. Peterlin M, Poli G, Routy JP, Rouzioux C, Silvestri G, Stevenson M, Telenti A, Van Lint C, Verdin E, Woolfrey A, Zaia J, Barre-Sinoussi F. Towards an HIV Cure: a global scientific strategy. Nat Rev Immunol, 2012; 12:607-14.

149.Micci L, Cervasi B, Ende ZS, Iriele RI, Reyes-Aviles E, Vinton C, Else J, Silvestri G, Ansari AA, Villinger F, Pahwa S, Estes JD, Brenchley JM, Paiardini M. Paucity of Interleukin (IL-21)-Producing CD4+ T-Cells is associated with Th17 cell depletion in SIV-Infection of Rhesus Macaques. Blood, 2012; 120:3925-35.

150.Brenchley JM, Vinton C, Tabb B, Hao X-P, Connick E, Paiardini M, Lifson JD, Silvestri G, Estes JD. Differential infection patterns of CD4+ T cells and lymphoid tissue viral burden distinguish progressive and nonprogressive lentiviral infections. Blood, 2012; 120:4172-81.

151. Burton DR, Ahmed R, Barouch DH, Butera ST, Crotty S, Godzik A, Kaufmann DE, McElrath MJ, Nussenzweig MC, Pulendran B, Scanlan CN, Schief WR, Silvestri G, Streeck H, Walker BD, Walker LM, Wilson IA, Wyatt R. A blueprint for HIV vaccine discovery. Cell Host Microbes, 2012; 12:396-407.

152. Bosinger SE, Jochems S, Folkner K, Klatt NR, Silvestri G. Transcriptional profiling of experimental CD8+ lymphocyte depletion in rhesus macaques infected with SIVmac239. J Virol, 2013; 87:433-43.

153. Tabb B, Morcock D, Quinones OA, Hao XP, Smedley J, Pung R, Piatak M, Harris LD, Paiardini M, Silvestri G, Brenchley JM, Alvord WG, Lifson JD, Estes JD Reduced inflammation and lymphatic tissue immunopathology in rhesus macaques receiving anti-TNF treatment during primary SIV infection. J Infect Dis, 2013; 207:880-92.

154. Marchetti G, Tincati C, Silvestri G. Microbial Translocation in the Pathogenesis of HIV Infection and AIDS. Clin Microbiol Rev, 2013; 26:2-18.

155. Kurupati R, Tuyishime S, Kossenkov AV, Sazanovich M, Haut LH, Lasaro MO, Ratcliffe S, Bosinger S., Lewis M, Showe L.S, Silvestri G, Ertl HCJ. Immunological and molecular correlates of protection against low dose rectal simian immunodeficiency virus challenges in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of rhesus macaques. J Leukoc Biol, 2013; 93:437-48.

156. Vaccari M, Keele BF, Bosinger SE, Doster M, Ma ZM, Pollara J, Hryniewicz A, Ferrari G, Gua Y, Forthal D, Venzon D, Fenizia C, Morgan T, Montefiori D, Lifson JD, Miller CJ, Silvestri G, Felber B, Pavlakis G, Tartaglia J, Franchini G. Efficacy of HIV vaccine candidate in macaques dependent on the dose of SIVmac251 challenge exposure. J Virol, 2013; 87:3538-48..

157. Evans DT, Silvestri G. Non-human primate models for AIDS research. Curr Opin HIV & AIDS, 2013; 8:255-61.

158. Cervasi B, Carnathan D, Sheehan K, Micci L, Paiardini M, Kurupati R, Tuyishime S, Zhou X, Else JG, Ratcliffe SJ, Ertl ECJ, Silvestri G. Immunological and virological analyses of rhesus macaques immunized with chimpanzee adenoviruses expressing SIVgag/tat and challenged intra-rectally with repeated low-dose of SIVmac. J Virol, 2013; 87:9420-30.

159. Silvestri G. Embracing the complexity of HIV immunology. Immunol Rev, 2013; 254:5-9.

160. Sundaravaradan V, Saleem R, Gasper MA, Micci L, Ortiz AM, Else J, Paiardini M, Silvestri G, Aitchison JD, Sodora DL. Multifunctional double-negative T cells in sooty mangabeys mediate T-helper functions irrespective of SIV infection. PLoS Pathogens, 2013 Jun;9(6):e1003441.

161. Pallikkuth S, Micci L, Ende Z, Iriele R, Cervasi B, Lawson B, McGary C, Rogers K, Else JG, Silvestri G, Easley K, Estes JD, Villinger F, Pahwa S, Paiardini M. Preservation of Th17 cells and reduced microbial translocation in SIV-infected rhesus macaques treated with Interleukin (IL)-21. PLoS Pathogens, 2013 Jul;9(7):e1003471.

162. Francella N, Gwyn S, Yi Y, Li B, Xiao P, Elliott S, Ortiz AM, Hoxie JA, Paiardini M, Silvestri G, Derdeyn CA, Collman RG. CD4+ T cells support production of SIV Env antibodies that enforce CD4-dependent entry and shape tropism in vivo. J Virol, 2013; 87:9719-32.

163. Bosinger SE, Johnson ZP, Folkner K, Patel N, Hashempour TM, Jochems S, Del Rio P, Paiardini M, Lin R, Vanderford TH, Hiscott J, Silvestri G. Intact type I Interferon production and IRF7 function in sooty mangabeys. PLoS Pathogens, 2013 Aug;9(8):e1003597.

164. Chowdhury A, Silvestri G. Host pathogen interaction in HIV infection. Curr Opin Immunol, 2013; 25:463-69.

165. Letko M, Silvestri G, Hahn B, Gokcumen O, Simon V, Ooms M. Vif proteins from diverse primate lentiviral lineages use the same binding site in APOBEC3G. J Virol, 2013; 87:11861-71.

166.Petravic J, Vanderford TH, Silvestri G, Davenport MP. Estimating the contribution of the gut to plasma viral load in early SIV infection. Retrovirology, 2013; 10:105.

167. Schmoekel J, Li H, Shabir A, Yu H, Geyer M, Silvestri G, Sodora DL, Hahn BH, Kirchhoff F. Primate lentiviral coreceptor usage is linked to Nef-mediated downmodulation of TCR-CD3. Cell Reports, 2013; 5:997-1009.

168. Francella N, Elliott ST, Yi Y, Gwyn SE, Ortiz AM, Li B, Silvestri G, Paiardini M, Deredyn CA, Collman RG. Decreased plasticity of coreceptor use by CD4-independent SIV Envs that emerge in vivo. Retrovirology, 2013; 10:133.

169.McGary C, Cervasi B, Chahroudi A, Micci L, Taffee J, Meeker T, Silvestri G, Davenport M, Paiardini M. Increased stability and limited proliferation of CD4+ central memory T cells differentiate non-progressive SIV-infection of sooty mangabeys from progressive SIV-infection of rhesus macaques. J Virol, 2014; 88:4543-52.

170.Chahroudi AM, Cartwright E, Carnathan DG, Lee ST, Lawson B, Carnathan PM, Hashempoor T, Murphy MK, Meeker T, Ehnert S, Souder C, Else JG, Cohen J, Vanderford TH, Permar SR, Derdeyn CA, Villinger F, Silvestri G. Target Cell Availability, Rather than Breast Milk Specific Factors, Dictates Mother-to-Infant Transmission of SIV. PLoS Pathogens, 2014; Mar 6;10(3):e1003958.

171. Cartwright E, McGary C, Cervasi B, Lawson B, Bosinger SE, Paiardini M, Vanderford TH, Chahroudi A, Silvestri G. Divergent CD4+ T memory stem cell dynamics in pathogenic and nonpathogenic SIV infections. J Immunol, 2014; 192: 4666-73.

172. Muyanja E, Aloysius Ssemaganda A, NGauv P, Cubas R, Perrin H, Srinavasan D, Canderan G, Lawson B, Graham AS, Rowe DK, Smith MJ, Isern S, Michael S, Silvestri G, Vanderford TH, Castro E, Pantaleo G, Singer J, Gillmour J, Kiwanuka N, Nanvubya A, Schmidt C, Birungi J, Cox J, Hadda EK, Kaleebu P, Fast P, Sekaly RP, Trautmann L. Immune activation alters cellular and humoral responses to YF-17D vaccine. J Clin Invest, 2014; 124:3147-58.

173.Sandler NG, Bosinger SE, Estes JD, Zhu RTR, Boritz E, Tharp GK, Levin D, Wijeyesinghe S, Nganou Makamdop K, del Prete G, Hill BJ, Modi N, Timmer KJ, Reiss E, Darko S, Contijoch E, Todd JP, Silvestri G, Nason M, Keele BF, Rao S, Langer JA, Lifson JD, Schreiber G, Douek DC. Type I IFN responses in rhesus macaques prevent SIV transmission and slow disease progression. Nature, 2014; 511:601-05.

174.McGary CS, Silvestri G, Paiardini M. Animal models for viral infection and cell exhaustion. Curr Opin HIV & AIDS, 2014; 9:492-9.

175. Mandell MA, Arko-Mensah J, Pilli M, Dinkins C, Kyei G, Chauhan S, Bradfute S, Castillo EF, Dupont N, Jiang S, Simonsen A, Johansen T, Wei J, Levine B, Silvestri G, Münch J, Kirchhoff F, Deretic V. TRIM proteins regulate autophagy and can target autophagic substrates by direct recognition. Dev Cell, 2014 Aug 25;30(4):394-409.

176.D’Ettorre G, Ceccarelli G, Giustini N, Mastroianni CM, Silvestri G, Vullo V. Taming HIV-related inflammation with physical activity: a matter of timing. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 2014 Oct;30(10):936-44.

177. Klatt NR, Bosinger SE, Peck M, Richert-Spuhler LE, Heigele A, Gile JP, Taaffe J, Lederman MM, Juelg B, Camerini D, Torti C, Martin JN, Deeks SG, Sinclair E, Hecht FM, Paiardini M, Kirchhoff F, Brenchley JM, Hunt PW, Silvestri G. Limited HIV infection of central memory and stem cell memory CD4+ T cells is associated with lack of progression in viremic individuals. PLoS Pathogens, 2014 Aug 28;10(8):e1004345.

178. Mavigner M, Watkins B, Lawson BO, Lee ST, Chahroudi A, Kean L, Silvestri G. Persistence of virus reservoirs in ART-treated SHIV-infected rhesus macaques after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant. PLoS Pathogens, 2014 Sep 25;10(9):e1004406.

179.D’Ettorre G, Baroncelli S, Micci L, Ceccarelli G, Cavallari EN, Andreotti M, Galluzzo CM, Mallano A, Sharma P, Fanello G, Vella S, Mastroianni CM, Silvestri G, Vullo V, Paiardini M. Reconstitution of intestinal CD4 and Th17 T cells in antiretroviral therapy suppressed HIV-infected subjects: implication for residual immune activation from the results of a Clinical Trial. PLoS ONE, 2014 Oct 23;9(10):e109791.

180. Micci L, Alvarez X, Iriele RI, Ortiz AM, Ryan ES, McGary CS, Deleage C, McAtee BB, He E, Apetrei C, Easley K, Pahwa S, Collman RG, Derdeyn CA, Davenport MP, Estes JD, Silvestri G, Lackner AA, Paiardini M. CD4 depletion in SIV-infected macaques results in macrophage and microglia infection with rapid turnover of infected cells. PLoS Pathogens, 2014 Oct 23;9(10):e109791.

181.Rivera-Hernandez T, Carnathan DG, Moyle PM, Toth I, West NP, Young PR, Silvestri G, Walker MJ. The contribution of non-human primate models to the development of human vaccines. Discov Med. 2014; 18:313-22.

182. Moniuszko M, Liyanage NPM, Doster M, Washington-Parks R, Grubczak K, Lipinska D, McKinnon K, Brown C, Hirsch V, Vaccari M, Gordon SN, Pegu P, Fenizia C, Flisiak R, Grzeszczuk A, Dabrowska M, Robert-Guroff M, Silvestri G, Stevenson M, McCune JM, Franchini G. Glucocorticoid treatment at moderate doses of SIVmac251-infected rhesus macaques decreases the frequency of circulating pro-inflammatory monocytes but does not alter the tissue virus reservoir. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 2015 Jan;31(1):115-26.

183. Carnathan DG, Wetzel KS, Yu J, Lee ST, Johnson BA, Paiardini M, Yan J, Morrow M, Sardesai NY, Weiner DB, Ertl HCJ, Silvestri G. Activated CD4+CCR5+ T-cells in the rectum predict increased SIV acquisition and higher viremia in SIVgag/tat vaccinated macaques. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2015; 112:518-523.

184. Yu H, Khalid M, Heigele A, Schmökel J, Usmani S, van der Merwe D, Münch J, Silvestri G, Kirchhoff F. Lentiviral Nef proteins manipulate T cells in a subset-dependent manner. J Virol, 2015; 89:1986-2001.

185.Chahroudi A, Silvestri G, Lichterfeld M. T memory stem cells and HIV: a long-term relationship. Curr HIV Rep, 2015; 12:33-40.

186.Claiborne D, Prince J, Scully E, Macharia G, Micci L, Lawson B, Kopycinski J, Vanderford TH, Tang J, Yu T, Lakhi S, Kilembe W, Silvestri G, Douek D, Goepfert P, Price M, Allen S, Paiardini M, Altfeld M, Gilmour J, Hunter E. Replicative capacity of HIV-1 drives early inflammation, T cell activation, and infection of central memory CD4 T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2015;112:E1480-9.

187. Kilgore KM, Murphy MK, Wetzel KS, Smith SA, Burton SL, Reddy S, Francella N, Sodora DL, Silvestri G, Cole KS, Villinger F, Robinson JE, Pulendran B, Hunter E, Collman RG, Amara RR, Derdeyn CA. A Novel SIVsm Env Panel Reveals that SIVmac239 Env Elicits Tier 1 Neutralizing Antibody in Rhesus Macaques Across Vaccine Regimens. J Virol, 2015; 89:8130-8151.

188. Barbian HJ, Decker JM, Bibollet-Ruche F, Galimidi RP, West AP, Parrish NF, Iyer S, Pace CS, Song R, Huang Y, Denny TN, Mouquet H, Martin L, Acharya P, Zhang B, Kwong PD, Mascola JP, Verrips CT, Strokappe NM, Rutten L, McCoy LE, Weiss RA, Moore JP, Brown CS, Jackson R, Silvestri G, Connors M, Burton DR, Shaw GM, Nussenzweig MC, Bjorkman PJ, Ho DD, Farzan M, Hahn BH. Neutralization Properties of Simian Immunodeficiency Viruses Infecting Chimpanzees and Gorillas. mBIO, 2015 Apr 21;6(2). pii: e00296-15.

189. Jochems SP, Jacquelin B, Chauveau L, Huot N, Petitjean G, Lepelley A, Liovat AS, Ploquin MJ, Cartwright EK, Bosinger SE, Silvestri G, Barré-Sinoussi F, Lebon P, Schwartz O, Müller-Trutwin M. Plasmacytoid dendritic cell infection and sensing capacity during pathogenic and non-pathogenic SIV infection. J Virol, 2015; 89:6918-27.

190. Mylvaganam G, Silvestri G, Amara RR. HIV Therapeutic Vaccines: Moving Towards a Functional Cure. Curr Opin Immunol, 2015; 35:1-8.

191.Chowdhuri A, Hayes T, Bosinger SE, Lawson BO, Vanderford TH, Paiardini M, Betts MR, Chahroudi A, Schmitz JE, Estes JD, Silvestri G. Differential impact of in vivo CD8+ lymphocyte depletion in "controllers" versus "progressors" SIV-infected macaques. J Virol, 2015; 89:8677-86.

192.Rokx C, Richman DD, Müller-Trutwin M, Silvestri G, van Lunzen J, Khoo S, Lichterfeld M, Altfeld M, Perno CF, Hunt PW, Mallon P, Rockstroh JK, Pozniak AL, Clotet B, Boucher CA. Second European Round Table on the Future Management of HIV. 10–11 October 2014, Barcelona, Spain. J Virus Eradication, 2015; 1:211-220.

193.Elliott S, Wetzel K, Francella N, Bryan S, Romero D, Riddick N, Shaheen F, Vanderford TH, Derdeyn CA, Silvestri G, Paiardini M, Collman RG. Dual-Tropic CXCR6/CCR5 Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection of Sooty Mangabey Primary Lymphocytes: Distinct Coreceptor Use in SIV Natural versus Pathogenic Hosts. J Virol, 2015; 89:9252-61.

194. Burton SL, Kilgore KM, Smith SA, Reddy S, Hunter E, Robinson HL, Silvestri G, Amara RR, Derdeyn CA. Potent Neutralization of SIVsmE660 Breakthrough Variants by Autologous Pre-Challenge Serum from DNA/MVA-SIVmac239 Vaccinated Rhesus Macaques, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2015; 112:10780-5.

195. Mir K, Mavigner M, Wang C, Paiardini M, Sodora DL, Chahroudi A, Bosinger SE, Silvestri G. Reduced SIV replication in macrophages of sooty mangabeys is associated with increased expression of host restriction factors. J Virol, 2015; 89:10136-44.

196.Chowdhuri A, Estrada-Del Rio PM, Tharp GK, Trible RP, Amara RR, Chahroudi A, Reyes-Teran G, Bosinger SE, Silvestri G. Decreased TFR/TFH ratio in SIV-infected rhesus macaques may contribute to accumulation of TFH cells in chronic infection. J Immunol, 2015; 195:3237-47.

197.Barry P, Silvestri G. New paradigms and tools to decipher and deconstruct the host-pathogen interaction. Curr Opin Immunol, 2015; 36:v-viii.

198.Micci L, Ryan ES, Fromentin R, Bosinger SE, Paganini S, Easley K, Benne C, McGary CS, Deleahe C, Lucero C, Apetrei C, Estes JD, Lifson JD, Chomont N, Villinger F, Silvestri G, Brenchley JM, Paiardini M. Interleukin-21 decreases residual inflammation and reduces the viral reservoir in ART-treated, SIV-infected rhesus macaques. J Clin Invest, 2015; 125:4497-4513.

199. Chahroudi A, Silvestri G. HIV and Tfh: circulating new ideas to identify and protect. Immunity, 2016; 44:16-18.

200. Tsai P, Thayer W, Liu L, Silvestri G, Nordstrom J, Garcia J. CD19xCD3 DART® Protein Mediates Human B Cell Depletion in vivo in Humanized BLT Mice. Mol Ther Oncolytics, 3:15024. doi: 10.1038/mto.2015.24.

201.Jacobson JM, Bosinger SE, Kang M, Belaunzaran P, Matining RM, Wilson CC, Flexner C, Clagett B, Plants J, Read S, Purdue L, Myers L Boone L, Tebas P, Kumar P, Clifford D, Douek D, Silvestri G, Landay AL, Lederman MM. The Effect of Chloroquine on Immune Activation and Interferon Signatures Associated with HIV-1. AIDS Res Human Retrovirol, 2016; 32:636-47.

202. Ploquin MJ, Silvestri G, Muller-Trutwin M. Immune activation in HIV infection: what can the natural hosts of SIV teach us? Curr Opin HIV & AIDS, 2016; 11:201-8.

203. Kumar N, Chahroudi A, Silvestri G. Animal models to achieve an HIV cure. Curr Opin HIV & AIDS, 2016; 11:432-41.

204. Moldt B, Le K, Carnathan DG, Whitney JB, Schultz N, Lewis MG, Borducchi E, Smith K, Mackel JJ, Sweat SL, Hodges AP, Godzik A, Parren PW, Silvestri G, Barouch DH, Burton DR. Neutralizing antibody affords comparable protection against vaginal and rectal SHIV challenge in macaques. AIDS, 2016; 30:1543-51

205. Ortiz AM, Yu J, Carnathan DG, Sheehan KM, Kim P, Reynaldi A, Vanderord TH, Klatt NR, Brenchley JM, Davenport MP, Silvestri G. Analysis of the in vivo turnover of naïve and memory CD4+ T-cell subsets in chronically SIV-infected sooty mangabeys. PLoS ONE, 2016 May 26;11(5):e0156352.

206. Yang ZW, Jiang YH, Ma C, Silvestri G, Bosinger SE, Li BL, Jong A, Zhou YH, Huang SH. Coexpression Network Analysis of Benign and Malignant Phenotypes of SIV-infected Sooty Mangabey and Rhesus Macaque. PLoS ONE, 2016 Jun 9;11(6):e0156170.

207.Rivera-Hernandez T, Pandey M, Henningham A, Cole J, Choudhury B, Cork A, Gillen C, Ghaffar K, West N, Silvestri G, Good M, Moyle P, Toth I, Nizet V, Batzloff M, Walker M. Differing efficacy of lead group A streptococcal vaccine candidates and full-length M protein in cutaneous and invasive disease models. MBio. 2016 Jun 14;7(3). pii: e00618-16.

208. Cartwright EK, Palesch D, Mavigner M, Paiardini M, Chahroudi A, Silvestri G. Initiation of antiretroviral therapy restores CD4+ TSCM homeostasis in SIV-infected macaques. J Virol, 2016; 90:6699-6708.

209. Deeks SG, Lewin SR, Ross AL, Ananworanich J, Benkirane M, Cannon P, Chomont N, Douek D, Lifson JD, Lo YR, Kuritzkes D, Margolis D, Mellors J, Persaud D, Tucker JD, Barre-Sinoussi F; International AIDS Society Towards a Cure Working Group, Alter G, Auerbach J, Autran B, Barouch DH, Behrens G, Cavazzana M, Chen Z, Cohen ÉA, Corbelli GM, Eholié S, Eyal N, Fidler S, Garcia L, Grossman C, Henderson G, Henrich TJ, Jefferys R, Kiem HP, McCune J, Moodley K, Newman PA, Nijhuis M, Nsubuga MS, Ott M, Palmer S, Richman D, Saez-Cirion A, Sharp M, Siliciano J, Silvestri G, Singh J, Spire B, Taylor J, Tolstrup M, Valente S, van Lunzen J, Walensky R, Wilson I, Zack J. International AIDS Society: Global Scientific Strategy Towards an HIV Cure 2016. Nat Med, 2016; 22; 839-850.

210. Havenar-Daughton C, Reiss SM, Carnathan DG, Wu JE, Kendric K, de la Peña AT, Kasturi SP, Dan JM, Bothwell M, Sanders RW, Pulendran P, Silvestri G, Crotty S. Cytokine-independent detection of antigen-specific germinal center T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in immunized non-human primates using a live cell Activation Induced Marker (AIM) technique. J Immunol, 2016; 197:994-1002.

211. Calascibetta F, Micci L, Carnathan DG, Lawson B, Vanderford TH, Bosinger SE, Easley K, Chahroudi A, Mackel J, Keele BF, Long S, Lifson J, Paiardini M, Silvestri G. Antiretroviral therapy in SIV-infected sooty mangabeys: implications for AIDS pathogenesis. J Virol, 2016; 90:7541-51.

212. Cartwright EK, Spicer L, Smith SA, Lee D, Paganini S, Fast R, Lawson BO, Nega M, Easley K, Schmitz JE, Bosinger SE, Paiardini M, Chahroudi A, Vanderford TH, Estes JD, Lifson JD, Derdeyn CA, Silvestri G. CD8+ lymphocytes are required to maintain virus suppression in SIV-infected macaques treated with ART. Immunity, 2016; 45:656-668.

213. Chahroudi A, Silvestri G. Ending AIDS: what natural SIV hosts and pediatric non-progressors teach us about HIV pathogenesis. Science Transl Med, 2016; 8:358-360

214. Mavigner M, Lee TS, Habib J, Robinson C, Silvestri G, O’Doherty U, Chahroudi A. Quantifying integrated SIV-DNA by repetitive-sampling Alu-gag PCR. J Virus Erad, 2016; 2:219-226.

215. Havenar-Daughton C, Carnathan DG, Torrents de la Peña A, Pauthner M, Briney B, Reiss SM, Wood J, Kaushik K, van Gils MJ, Rosales S, van der Woude P, Locci M, Le K, de Taeye SW, Sok D, Ur-Rasheed A, Huang J, Gumber S, Garcia A, Kasturi SP, Pulendran B, Moore JP, Ahmed R, Seumois G, Burton DR, Sanders RW, Silvestri G, Crotty S. Direct probing of germinal center responses reveals immunological features and bottlenecks for neutralizing antibody responses to HIV Env trimer. Cell Reports, 2016; 17:2195-2209.

216. Roberts ER, Carnathan DG, Li H, Shaw GM, Silvestri G, Betts MR. Collapse of cytolytic potential in SIV-specific CD8+ T cell following acute SIV infection. PLoS Pathogens, 2016 Dec 30;12(12):e1006135.

217.McGary CS, Alvarez X, Harrington S, Cervasi B, Ryan ES, Iriele RI, Paganini S, Harper J, Easley K, Silvestri G, Ansari AA, Lichterfeld M, Micci L, Paiardini M. The loss of CCR6+ and CD161+ CD4+ T cell homeostasis contributes to disease progression in SIV-infected rhesus macaques. Mucosal Immunol, 2017; 10:1082-96.

218. Pauthner M, Havenar-Daughton C, Sok D, Nkolola JP, Cirelli K, Bastidas R, Albert Cupo A, Cottrell C, Eroshkin AM, Guenaga J, Kulp DW, Liu J, Ozorowski G, Post K, Tokatlian T, Torrents de la Peña A, Sharma SK, Steichen JM, de Taeye SW, Butera S, Irvine D, LaBranche CC, Montefiori DC, Sanders RW, Schief WR, Silvestri G, Ward AB, Wilson IA, Wyatt RT, Barouch DH, Crotty S, Burton DR. Elicitation of Robust Tier 2 Neutralizing Antibody Responses in Nonhuman Primates by HIV Envelope Trimer Immunization Using Optimized Approaches. Immunity, 2017; 46:1073-88.

219.Nixon CN, Mavigner M, Silvestri G, Garcia-Martinez JV. In Vivo Models of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Persistence and Cure Strategies. J Infect Dis, 2017; 142:S142-151.

220. Magnani DM, Rogers T, Beutler N, Ricciardi MJ, Bailey VK, Gonzalez-Nieto L, Briney B, Sok D, Le K, Strubel A, Martin J. Gutman1, Pedreño-Lopez N, Grubaugh ND, Silveira CGT, Maxwell HS, Domingues A, Martins MA, Lee DE, Okwuazi EE, Jean S, Strobert EA, Chahroudi A, Silvestri G, Vanderford TH, Kallas EG, Desrosiers RC, Bonaldo MC, Whitehead SS, Burton DR, Watkins DI. Neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies prevent Zika virus infection in macaques. Science Transl Med, 2017; 9(410)

221. McGary CS, Deleage C, Harper J, Micci L, Ribeiro SP, Paganini S, Kuri-Cervantes L, Benne C, Ryan ES, Balderas R, Jean S, Easley K, Marconi V, Silvestri G, Estes JD, Sekaly RP, Paiardini M. CTLA-4+PD-1- memory CD4+ T-cells with features of Tregs critically contribute to viral persistence in ART-suppressed SIV-infected rhesus macaques. Immunity, 2017; 47:776-788

222. Reiss S, Baxter A, Cirelli K, Dan J, Morou A, Daigneault A, Brassard, Silvestri G, Routy JP, Havenar C, Crotty S, Kaufmann DE. Comparative analysis of Activation Induced Marker (AIM) assays for sensitive identification of antigen-specific CD4 T cells. PLoS ONE, 2017; 12(10):e0186998

223.Palesch D, Bosinger SE, Tharp GK, Vanderford TH, Paiardini M, Chahroudi AM, Johnson ZP, Kirchhoff F, Hahn BH, Norgren RB, Patel NB, Sodora DL, Dawoud RA, Harris RA, Liu Y, Raveendran M, Han Y, English A, Thomas GWC, Hahn MW, Pipes L, Mason CE, Muzny DM, Gibbs RA, Worley K, Sauter D, Rogers J, Silvestri G. Sooty Mangabey Genome Sequence Reveals New Insights into Mechanisms of AIDS Resistance in Natural SIV Hosts. Nature, 2018; 553:77-81

224.Fisher BS, Greene RR, Brown RR, Wood MP, Hensley-McBain T, Chang J, Miller AD, Lifson JD, Mavigner M, Miller C, Gale M, Silvestri G, Chahroudi A, Klatt NR, Sodora DL. Liver macrophage-associated inflammation correlates with SIV burden and is substantially reduced following cART. PLoS Pathogens, 2018 Feb 21;14(2):e1006871.

225.Klasse PJ, Ketas TJ, Cottrell CA, Ozorowski G, Debnath G, Camara D, Francomano E, Pavel Pugach P, Rajesh P. Ringe RP, Celia C. LaBranche CC, Marit J. van Gils MJ, Bricault CA, Barouch DH, Crotty S, Silvestri G, Kasturi S, Pulendran B, Wilson IA, Montefiori DC, Sanders RW, Ward AB, Moore JP. Epitopes for neutralizing antibodies induced by HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein BG505 SOSIP trimers in rabbits and macaques. PLoS Pathogens, 2018 Feb 23;14(2):e1006913.

226.Carnathan DG, Lawson BO, Yu J, Patle K, Billingsley J, Tharp G, Delmas O, Dawoud R, Wilkinson P, Nicolette C, Cameron M, Sekaly RP, Bosinger S, Silvestri G, Vanderford TH. Reduced chronic lymphocyte activation following Interferon-α blockade during the acute phase of SIV infection in rhesus macaques. J Virol, 2018; doi: 10.1128/JVI.01760-17

227. McBrian J, Kumar N, Silvestri G. Mechanisms of CD8+ T cell-mediated suppression of HIV/SIV replication. Eur J Immunol, 2018; Feb 10. doi: 10.1002/eji.201747172.

228. Carnathan DG, Mackel JJ, Sweat SL, Enemuo CA, Gebru EH, Dhadvai P, Gangadhara S, Hicks S, Vanderford TH, Amara RR, Esparza J, Lu W, Andrieu J-M, Silvestri G. Intragastric administration of Lactobacillus plantarum and AT-2-inactivated SIV does not protect Indian rhesus macaques from intra-rectal SIV challenge nor reduce virus replication after transmission. J Virol, 2018; doi: 10.1128/JVI.02030-17

229.Joas S, Parrish EH, Gnanadurai CW, Lump E, Stürzel CM, Parrish NF, Learn GH, Sauermann U, Neumann B, Rensing KM, Fuchs D, Billingsley JM, Bosinger SE, Silvestri G, Apetrei C, Huot N, Garcia-Tellez T, Müller-Trutwin M, Dominik Hotter MD, Daniel Sauter D, Stahl-Hennig C, Hahn BH, Kirchhoff F. Species-specific host factors rather than virus-intrinsic virulence determine primate lentiviral pathogenicity. Nat Comm, 2018; 9(1):1371.

230. Mavigner M, Raper J, Kovacs-Balint Z, Gumber S, O’Neal JT, Bhaumik SK, Zhang XD, Habib J, Mattingly C, McDonald CE, Avanzato V, Burke MW, Magnani DM, Bailey VK, Watkins DI, Vanderford TH, Fair D, Earl E, Feczko E, Styner M, Jean SM, Cohen JK, Silvestri G, Johnson RP, O’Connor DH, Wrammert J, Suthar MS, Sanchez MM, Alvarado MC, Chahroudi A. Postnatal Zika virus infection causes persistent abnormalities in brain structure, function, and behavior in infant macaques. Science Transl Med, 2018; 10(435). pii: eaao6975.

231. Laforge M, Silvestre R, Rodrigues V, Garibal J, Campillo-Gimenez L, Shahul Mouhamad S, Monceaux V, Cumont MC, Rabezanaha H, Pruvost H, Cordeiro-da-Silva A, Hurtrel B, Silvestri G, Senik A, Estaquier J. The anti-caspase inhibitor Q-VD-OPH prevents AIDS disease progression in SIV-infected rhesus macaques. J Clin Invest, 2018, 128(4):1627-1640.

232. Wetzel KS, Yi Y, Bauer A, Bello E, Romero D, Bibollet-Ruche F, Hahn BH, Paiardini M, Silvestri G, Peeters M, Collman RG. An entry coreceptor bottleneck in the SIVmus-SIVcpz-HIV-1 lineage: Widespread use of CXCR6 in natural host infections is lost with cross-species transfer and emergence of pathogenic infection. PLoS Pathogens, 2018 Apr 16;14(4):e1007003.

233.Tuyishime S, Haut LH, Kurupati RK, Billingsley JM, Carnathan D, Gangahara S, Styles TM, Xiang ZQ, Li Y, Zopfs M, Liu Q, Zhou XY, Lewis MG, Amara RR, Bosinger SE, Silvestri G, Ertl HCJ. Correlates of protection against SIVmac251 infection in rhesus macaques immunized with chimpanzee-derived adenovirus vectors. eBioMedicine, 2018 Mar 4. pii: S2352-3964(18)30084-7.

234.David Palesch D, Bosinger SE, Mavigner M, Billingsley JM, Mattingly C, Carnathan D, Paiardini M, Chahroudi A, Vanderford TH, Silvestri G. Short-term pIFN-α2a treatment does not significantly reduce the viral reservoir of SIV-infected, ART-treated rhesus macaques. J Virol, 2018 May 2. pii: JVI.00279-18.

235. Buggert M, Nguyen S, Salgado-Montes de Oca G, Bengsch B, Darko S, Ransier A, Roberts ER, del Alcazar D, Bukh Brody I, Vella L, Wijeyesinghe S, Herati RS, Del Rio Estrada PM, Kuri-Cervantes L, Manne S, Vartanian S, Huffman A, Sandberg J, Gostick E, Silvestri G, Canaday DH, Price DA, Su LF, Vahedi G, Dori Y, Frank I, Itkin MG, Wherry EJ, Deeks SG, Naji A, Reyes-Terán G, Masopust D, Douek DC, Betts MR. Resident memory CD8+ T cells dominate HIV-specific immunosurveillance in lymphoid tissue. Science Immunology, 2018; 3. pii: eaar4526. doi: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aar4526

236.Zanoni M, Palesch D, Silvestri G. Longing for HIV prevention. Nat Microbiol, 2018; 3(6):648-649.

237. Mavigner M, Habib J, Deleage C, Rosen E, Mattingly C, Kashuba A, Amblard F, Schinazi RF, Jean S, Cohen JK, McGary C, Paiardini M, Wood M, Sodora DL, Silvestri G, Estes JD, Chahroudi A. SIV persistence in cellular and anatomic reservoirs in ART-suppressed infant rhesus macaques. J Virol, 2018 Jul 11. pii: JVI.00562-18. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00562-18

238. Kumar N, McBrien J, Carnathan DG, Mavigner M, Mattingly C, White E, Viviano F, Bosinger SE, Chahroudi A, Silvestri G, Paiardini M, Vanderford TH. Antibody-mediated CD4+ T cell depletion induces reservoir reduction without detectable virus reactivation in ART-treated SIV-infected macaques. J Virol, 2018 pii: JVI.01235-18. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01235-18.

239.Hoang T, Harper J, Pino M, Wang H, Micci L, King C, McGary C, McBrien J, Cervasi C, Silvestri G, Paiardini M. Bone marrow-derived CD4+ T cells are depleted in SIV-infected macaques and contribute to the size of the replication competent reservoir on ART. J Virol, 2018 Oct 10. pii: JVI.01344-18. doi: 10.1128

240. Cao YF, Cartwright EK, Silvestri G, Perelson AS. CD8+ Lymphocyte Control of SIV Infection during Antiretroviral Therapy PLoS Pathogens, 2018;14(10):e1007350. doi: 10.1371

241. Rivera-Hernandez T, Carnathan DG, Jones S, Cork AJ, Davies MR , Moyle PM, Toth I, Batzloff MR, McCarthy J, Nizet V, Goldblatt D, Silvestri G, Walker MJ. An experimental group A Streptococcus vaccine that reduces pharyngitis and tonsillitis in a non-human primate model. mBio, 2019 Apr 30;10(2). pii: e00693-19.

242. Brody IB, Calcedo R, Connell MJ, Carnathan DG, Nason M, Lawson BO, Nega MT, Boyd S, Qin Q, Vanderford TH, Wilson JM, Wilson JM, Silvestri G, Betts MR. Susceptibility to SIV Infection After Adenoviral Vaccination in a Low Dose Rhesus Macaque Challenge Model. Pathog Immun. 2019 Jan 29;4(1):1-20.

243. Cirelli KM, Carnathan DG, Nogal B, Martin JT, Rodriguez OL, Amit A. Upadhyay AA, Enemuo CA, Gebru EH, Choe Y, Viviano F, Nakao C, Pauthner MG, Reiss S, Cottrell CA, Smith ML, Bastidas R, Gibson W, Wolabaugh AN, Melo MB, Cosette B, Kumar V, Patel NB, Tokatlian T, Menis S, Kulp DW, Burton DR, Murrell B, Schief WR, Bosinger SE, Ward AB, Watson CT, Silvestri G, Irvine DJ, Crotty S. Slow delivery immunization enhances HIV neutralizing antibody and germinal center responses via modulation of immunodominance. Cell, 2019; 177:1153-1171.

244. Pino-Claveria M, Paganini S, Deleage C, Pdhan K, Harper J, King C, Micci L, Cervasi B, Mudd JC, Gill K, Jean S, Easley K, Silvestri G, Estes JD, Petrovas C, Lederman MM, Paiardini M. Fingolimod retains cytolytic T cells and limits T follicular helper cell infection in lymphoid sites of SIV persistence. PLoS Pathogens, 2019 Oct 18;15(10):e1008081. doi: 10.1371

245. Chamcha V, Reddy PBJ, Kannanganat S, Wilkins C, Gangadhara S, Vel Vu, Green R, Law GL, Chang J, Bowen JR, Kozlowski PA, Lifton M, Santra S, Legere T, Chea LS, Chennareddi L, Yu T, Suthar MS, Silvestri G, Derdeyn CA, Gale M, Villinger F, Hunter E, Amara RR. Strong Vaccine-Elicited Th1-Biased CD4 T cell Response Is Associated With Diminished SIV Vaccine Efficacy. Science Transl Med, 2019, 11:519 doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aav1800

246.Barrenas F, Raehetz K, Kristoff J, Law L, Green RR, Silvestri G, Bosinger SE, Nishida A, Li Q, Lu W, Thomas MJ, Chang J, Smith E, Peng X, Weiss JM, Dawoud R, Richter GH, Trichel A, Ma DZ, Apetrei C, Pandrea I, Gale M. African green monkeys control SIV pathogenesis through macrophage associated wound healing. Nat Commun, 8;10(1):5101. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-12987-9.

247. Havenar-Daughton C, Carnathan DG, Boopathy AV, Upadhyay AA, Murrell B, Reiss SM, Enemuo CA, Gebru EH, Choe Y, Dhadvai P, Viviano F, Kaushik K, Briney B, Burton D, Bosinger SE, Schief WR, Irvine DJ, Silvestri G, Crotty S. Longitudinally tracked, rapid and robust antigen-specific germinal center responses in non- human primates after a single nanoparticle vaccine immunization. Cell Reports, 2019 29(7):1756-1766.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.008

248. Rabezanahary H, Moukambi F, Palesch D, Clain J, Racine G, Andreani G, Benmadid-Laktout G, Zghidi-Abouzid O, Soundaramourty C, Tremblay C, Silvestri G, Estaquier J. Despite early antiretroviral therapy effector memory and follicular helper CD4 T cells are major reservoirs in visceral lymphoid tissues of SIV-infected macaques. Mucosal Immunol, 2019 doi: 10.1038/s41385-019-0221

249.Nixon CC, Mavigner M, Brooks A, Spagnuolo RA, Mattingly C, Ho PT, Schoof N, Cammon CG, Tharp GK, Cleary R, Upadhyay A, De C, Walum H, Schramm N, Jean S, Liao B, Vanderford TH, Paiardini M, Bosinger SE, Sampey GC, Galardi C, Deutsch J, Archin NM, Margolis DM, Dunhan RM, Wahl A, Silvestri G, Chahroudi A, Garcia JV. Systemic HIV/SIV latency reversal via activation of the non-canonical NF-B signaling pathway in vivo. Nature, 2020 Feb;578(7793):160-165.

250.McBrien JB, Mavigner M, Franchitti L, Smith SA, White E, Tharp GK, Walum H, Busman-Suhayb K, Aguilera-Sandovald CR, Thayerd WO, Spagnuolo RA, Kovarovad M, Wahld A, Cervasi B, Margolis DM, Vanderford TH, Carnathan DG, Paiardini M, Lifson JD, Leeg JH, Safrit JT, Bosinger SE, Estes JD, Derdeyn CA, Garcia JV, Kulpa DA, Chahroudi A, Silvestri G. Robust and persistent SIV and HIV reactivation under ART by N-803 and CD8 depletion. Nature, 2020 Feb;578(7793):154-159.

251. Joas S, Neumann B, Klippert A, Heigele A, Schmökel J,  Sauermann U, Sharp GK, Gupta P, Bosinger SE, Silvestri G, Stahl-Hennig C, Kirchhoff F. Nef-mediated downmodulation of TCR-CD3 is critical for viral  immune evasion and maintenance of high virus loads. Cell Reports, 2020 Feb 18;30(7):2261-2274.e7.

252.Harper J, Gordon S, Wang H, Chan C, Galardi C, McGary C, Nekorchuk M, Busman-Sahay K, Schawalder J, King C, Pino M, Jean S, Sanderson A, Johns B, Lifson J, Margolis DM, Silvestri G, Estes JD, Favre D, Paiardini M. PD-1 and CTLA-4 dual blockade induces virus reactivation and decreases the reservoir size in ART-treated SIV-infected macaques but does not prevent viral rebound after therapy interruption. Nat Med, 2020; 26:519-528.

253. Shytaj IL, Lucic B, Billingsley JM, Bosinger SE, Battivelli E, Frese CK, Trifunovic A, Verdin E, Forcato M, Silvestri G, Bicciato S, Savarino A, Lusic M. HIV-1 replication alters redox and iron metabolism to deplete the latency marker PML in CD4+ T-cells. EMBO J, 2020 May 4;39(9):e102209. doi: 10.15252/embj.2019102209.

254.Strongin Z, Micci L, Fromentin R, Harper J, McBrien JB, Ryan E, Shenvi N, Easley K, Chomont N, Silvestri G, Paiardini M. Virologic and immunologic features of SIV control post ART interruption in rhesus macaques. J Virol, 2020 Apr 29. doi: 10.1128/ JVI.00338-20

255. D’Souza MP, Allen MA, Baumblatt JAG, Boggiano CA, Crotty S, Grady C, Havenar-Daughton C, Hu DJ, Kunwar N, McElrath MJ, and Lymph Node Webinar Contributors. Innovative Approaches to Track Lymph Node Germinal Center Responses to Evaluate Development of Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies in Human HIV Vaccine Trials. Vaccine, in press

256. Carnathan DG, Kaushik K, Ellebedy AH, Enemuo CA, Gebru EH, Dhadvai P, Pauthner MG, Ahmed R, Burton DR, Ward AB, Silvestri G, Crotty S, Locci M. Harnessing Activin A Adjuvanticity to Promote Antibody Responses to BG505 HIV Envelope Trimers. Front Immunol in press

257. Van Gils MJ, van Schooten J, Bowman CA, Yuan M, Oyen D, Shin M, Morpurgo R, van der Woude P, van Breemen M, Torres JL, Patel R, Gross J, Sewall LM, Copps J, Ozorowski G, Nogal B, Sok D, Rakasz EG, Labranche C, Vigdorovich V, Christley S, Carnathan DG, Sather DN, Montefiori D, Silvestri G, Burton DR, Moore JP, Wilson IA, Sanders RW, Ward A Mapping the immunogenic landscape of near-native HIV-1 envelope trimers in non-human primates. PLoS Pathogens, in press

Book Chapters

1.Silvestri G, Soudeyns H, Denis F, Sekaly RP. The TCR Vb repertoire in virally induced immunodeficiencies. Chapter in "Viral superantigens" CRC international press, ed. N.Tomonari, 1997

2. Gordon S, Apetrei C, Dunham R, Pandrea I, Silvestri G. SIV infection in natural hosts. In "HIV Sequence Compendium 2005", Ed. Thomas Leitner, Los Alamos National Laboratory.

3.Silvestri G, Feinberg MB Immune intervention in AIDS. Chapter in “Immunology of Infectious Diseases”, ASM Press, Washington, DC, eds. Kaufmann SHE, Sher A, Ahmed RA, 2002, pp. 453-477.

4. Klatt NR, Chahroudi A, Silvestri G. Retroviridae: Pathogenesis of HIV infection. In “Encyclopedia of Virology”. Elsevier Press. 2007

5. Pandrea I, Silvestri G., Apetrei C. Retroviridae: Simian Immunodeficiency Virus. Natural hosts. In “Encyclopedia of Virology”. Elsevier Press. 2007

6.Elsevier Press “Models of protection from HIV and SIV infection”, Ed. G. Pancino, G. Silvestri, and K. Fawke. 2012

7. Elsevier Press “Natural Hosts of SIV: Implication for AIDS Research”, Ed. A. A. Ansari & G. Silvestri. 2014

8. Cartwright E, Silvestri G. “HIV, SIV, and the pathogenesis of AIDS”. In “Viral Pathogenesis”, Editors: N. Nathanson & Michale Katze.

Research Support

ACTIVE

1. Principal Investigator: Guido Silvestri, M.D.

Source: NIH/NIAID R37-AI-066998 (MERIT Award as of 02/2011)

Dates of Approved/Proposed: 12/01/05-2/28/21

Title of Project: Studies of Natural SIV-Infection in Sooty Mangabeys

Role:Principal Investigator

2. Principal Investigator: Guido Silvestri, M.D.Source: NIH/NIAID-R01-AI-125064Dates of Approved/Proposed: 04/01/16-03/31/21 Title of Project: Mechanisms of SIV suppression by CD8+ lymphocytes.


3. Principal Investigator: Raymond Schinazi Ph.D.

Source: NIH/NIMH R01 MH116695


Title of Project: Therapeutics Targeting Macrophages/Microglia to Eradicate CNS HIV-1 Reservoirs

Role: Co-Investigator

4. Principal Investigator: Shane Crotty, Ph.D. (LIAI, San Diego)

Source: NIH/NIAID R01-AI-117851


Title of Project: Maximizing germinal centers and somatic hypermutation to Env immunogens. Role:Co-Investigator

5. Principal Investigator: Deanna Kulpa, Ph.D. (Emory University)



Title of Project: CD8 T cell suppression of HIV latency establishment and maintenance in virally suppressed individuals

Role:Co-Investigator

6. Principal Investigator: Cynthia Derdeyn, Ph.D. (Emory University)



Title of Project: CD8 T cell suppression of HIV latency establishment and maintenance in virally suppressed individuals


7. Principal Investigator: Mirko Paiardini, Ph.D.


Dates of Approved/Proposed: 12/01/14-11/30/20 (NCE)

Title of Project: Immune-based interventions for HIV eradication


8. Principal Investigator: Andrew Ward, Ph.D. (Scripps, San Diego)

Source: NIH/NIAID R01-AI145629


Title of Project: Fusion Peptide directed immunogens that elicit neutralizing and protective antibodies in non-human primates.


9. Principal Investigator: Eric Hunter, Ph.D.

Source: NIH/NIAID U01 AI096187


Title of Project: B-cell Biology of Mucosal Immune Protection from SIV Challenge

Role: Project 2, Principal Investiagator

10. Principal Investigator: Dennis Burton, Ph.D.

Source: NIH/NIAID UM1AI100663


Title of Project: Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (CHAVI-ID)

Role: Co-Director, Non-Human Primate Core

11. Principal Investigator: Robert Gallo, M.D. (IHV & U. of Maryland)

Source: NIH/NIAID P01-AI-124912


Title of Project: Durable antibody-mediated protection against HIV. Role:Co-Investigator

12. Principal Investigator: David Margolis, M.D. (U. North Carolina)


Dates of Approved/Proposed: 07/01/16 – 06/30/21

Title of Project: Developing a safe vaccine against group A streptococci

Role: P.I. of the NHP Core

13. Principal Investigator: David Weiner, Ph.D. (Wistar Institute)


Dates of Approved/Proposed: 03/01/15-2/29/21 (NCE)

Title of Project: Synthetic DNA & Novel Env Vaccine for HIV Role: Director, Non-Human Primate Core

14. Principal Investigator: Michael Betts, Ph.D. (U. Penn)

Source: NIH/NIAID P01 AI131338


Title of Project: Immunological Strategies to Modulate SIV Rebound Following ART interruption

Role: Co-Investigator

15. Principal Investigator: Sallie Permar, M.D, Ph.D. (Duke University)



Title of Project: The origin, predictors and immune correlates of viral rebound in orally SHIV.

Role: Director, Non-Human Primate Core

16. Principal Investigator: Joseph Sodroski, M.D., Ph.D. (Harvard University)

Source: Dana Farber Cancer Institute/NIH/NIAID R21-R33 AI129017


Title of Project: Reducing viral reservoirs by opening HIV-1 Env to antibody attack

Role:PI, Subcontract

17.1. Principal Investigator: Jon Lewin, M.D., Ph.D.

Source: NIH/NCRR P51 RR00165


Title of Project: Yerkes National Primate Research Center base grant

Role: Division Chief, Microbiology & Immunology

17.2. Principal Investigator: Jon Lewin, M.D., Ph.D.

Source: NIH/NCRR P51 RR00165


Title of Project: Yerkes National Primate Research Center base grant

Role: Core Director, Comparative AIDS Core

18. Principal Investigator: James Curran, MD, MPH



Title of Project: Emory Center for AIDS Research

Role: Core Director, Virology Core

19. Principal Investigator: Giuseppe Pantaleo, M.D.

Source: Bill & Melinda Gate Foundation through Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois


Title of Project: Immunogenicity and safety of homologous prime-boost regimens combining NYVAC-KC, NYVAC, DNA and protein/ASOI

Role:P.I. of the Subcontract for NHP studies.

PAST SUPPORT:

1. Principal Investigator: Mark Feinberg, M.D., Ph.D.Source: NIH/NIAID R21 AI 49089-01Dates of Approved/Proposed: 05/01/02-05/01/03

Title of Project: Novel Methods to Evaluate HIV-specific CTL Responses

Annual Direct Costs: $ 150,000


2. Principal Investigator: Mark Feinberg, M.D., Ph.D.

Source: NIH/NIAID P01 AI 46007-01 ZAI1


Title of Project: New Live Viral Vectors as Candidate AIDS Vaccines

Annual Direct Costs: $1,016,794

Role:Project Leader, Immunology Core

3. Principal Investigator: James Curran, M.D., M.P.H.Source: NIH (CFAR Supplemental grant)Dates of Approved/Proposed: 09/01/02-08/31/03

Title of Project: CCR5 Expression in Female Genital Mucosa




Source: AIDS Vaccine Bike Rides- Pallotta Team Works

Dates of Approved/Proposed Project: 06/01/02-06/30/03

Title of Project: Recombinant Philamentous Bacteriophages Expressing Retroviral Antigens as Candidate AIDS VaccinesAnnual Direct Costs: $ 20,000


5. Principal Investigator: Guido Silvestri, M.D.Source: Emory-URC


Title of Project: Studies of Homeostatic Proliferation of T Cells in Primates



6. Principal Investigator: Guido Silvestri, M.D.Source: Emory-CFAR


Title of Project: Studies of HIV-associated Cell Cycle DiseaseAnnual Direct Costs: $ 25,000


7. Principal Investigator: Rafi Ahmed, Ph.D.

Source: NIH- U19 (RFA/PA AI02-042) -- AI057266-01


Title of Project: Vaccine Induced Immunity in the Young and Aged Annual Direct Costs: $ 50,000 (Pilot Project-- Year 1 only)

Role:Principal Investigator of the Pilot Project "Pathogenic Role of MVA and VV Infection of Activated T cells".

8. Principal Investigator: Donald L. Sodora, Ph.D.Source: NIH - NIAID - R21Dates of Approved/Proposed: 02/01/05-01/31/06

Title of Project: Viral Cytopathicity in CD4-low SIV Passaged Mangabeys


Role: Co- Investigator

9. Principal Investigator: Hank Blumberg M.D.Source: NIH- K12 - MRCS AwardDates of Approved/Proposed: 01/01/03-1/31/06

Title of Project: Mentored Clinical Research Scientific Award

Annual Direct Costs: $ 1,056,041

Role: Mentor for Dr. Hank Radziewicz ("T Cell Reconstitution after Bone Marrow Transplantation")

10. (Principal Investigator) Amitinder Kaur, M.D.

Source: NIH- NIAID- R01AI049809


Title of Project: Cellular Immune Responses in SIV-Infected Sooty Mangabeys

Annual Direct Costs: $ 1,056,041

Role: Principal-Investigator of the Emory Sub-contract

11. Principal Investigator: Silvija Staprans. Ph.D.

Source: NIH- R01 -- AI049155


Title of Project: Cellular Immune Responses and AIDS Pathogenesis Annual Direct Costs: $ 540,000Role:Co-Investigator

12. Principal Investigator: Bernard H. Schneider, Ph.D.Source: NIH - NIAID- SBIRDates of Approved/Proposed: 09/01/04-8/31/06

Title of Project: "Optical Chip Test for T Cell Function in HIV Patients"


Role: Co- Investigator

13. Principal Investigator: Guido Silvestri, M.D.Source: NIH/NIAID R21 AI 54234Dates of Approved/Proposed: 01/12/03-11/31/05Title of Project: Homeostasis of T cells in primatesAnnual Direct Costs: $ 200,000


14. Principal Investigator: Guido Silvestri, M.D.Source: Concerned Parents for AIDS ResearchDates of Approved/Proposed: 10/01/04-9/30/05

Title of Project: CD8+ T Cell Differentiation in IL-7 Treated HIV-Infected Patients


Role: Principal Investigator


Source: U. Penn Center for AIDS Research

Dates of Proposed: 07/01/06-06/30/08

Title of Project: Mucosal immune activation in HIV-infected patients




Source: W.W.Smith Charitable Trust

Dates of Proposed: 01/01/07-12/31/08

Title of Project: IL-17 producing CD4+ T cells in the pathogenesis of AIDS



17. Principal Investigator: Guido Silvestri, M.D.Source: NIH/NIAID-R01AI52775Dates of Approved/Proposed: 05/01/03-05/01/08 (no-cost extension as of 05/01/2007)Title of Project: Studies of HIV-associated cell cycle disease.



18. Principal Investigator: Mark B. Feinberg, M.D., Ph.D.Source: NIH- U19-AI 061728 (Integrated Preclinical and Clinical AIDS Vaccine Development)Dates of Approved/Proposed: 09/01/04-08/31/09

Title of Project: Enhancing the Immunogenicity of MVA-based AIDS Vaccines

Annual Direct Costs: 2,916,000 (Project 3: 298,000)

Role: Principal Investigator, Project 3 (Determinants of AIDS Vaccine-Induced Memory T cell Development)

19. Principal Investigator: Guido Silvestri, M.D.Source: NIH/NHLBI-R01 HL075766 Dates of Approved/Proposed: 10/01/03-09/30/10 (NCE)

Title of Project: Host Specific Responses in SIV-Induced Hematosuppression



20. Principal Investigator: Hildegund C.J. Ertl, M.D., Ph.D.Source: NIH- P01 AI 082282 (HIV Vaccine Research and Development)Dates of Approved/Proposed: 09/01/09-08/31/11

Title of Project: Correlates of protection against SIV/SHIV challenge

Annual Direct Costs: 1,900,000 (Project 3: 300,000)

Role: Principal Investigator, Project 3 (Mucosal T cell responses and Protection from simian AIDS)

21. Principal Investigator: Mirko Paiardini, Ph.D.



Title of Project: Homeostasis of CD4+ T cells in non-human primates

Role:Co-Principal Investigator

22. Principal Investigator: Hildegund C.J. Ertl, M.D., Ph.D.Source: NIH- U19 AI 074078 (Integrated Preclinical and Clinical AIDS Vaccine Development)Dates of Approved/Proposed: 09/01/07-08/31/12

Title of Project: Chimpanzee adenovirus vectors for candidate AIDS Vaccines

Role: Principal Investigator, Project 2 (Pre-clinical immunogenicity studies of chimpanzee adenovirus vectors)

23. Principal Investigator: David Weiner, Ph.D.



Title of Project: Enhancement of Mucosal Cellular Immune Responses by Co-Delivery of Plasmid IL-15

Role: Co-Investigator (Supplement: “Studies the effects of vaccination on SIV acquisition”)

24. Principal Investigator: Michael Lederman, M.D.Source: NIH/NIAID P01-AI-076174Dates of Approved/Proposed: 08/01/08-07/31/13 (currently in NCE)

Title of Project: Defining the pathogenesis of immune deficiency in chronic HIV infection

Role: Principal Investigator, Project 3 (Immune Activation and AIDS Pathogenesis in SIV-infected Non-Human Primates)

25. Principal Investigator: Guido Silvestri, M.D.Source: NIH/NIAID-R01-AI-090797Dates of Approved/Proposed: 07/15/10-06/30/15 Title of Project: Mechanisms of SIV suppression by CD8+ lymphocytes.



Source: amFAR ARCHE 108932-56-RGRL


Title of Project: Viro-immunological analyses of SHIV reservoirs in macaques undergoing aHSCT.


27. Principal Investigator: Giuseppe Pantaleo, M.D.

Source: Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation)


Title of Project: AUP512SHIV Vaccine Studies

Role: Sub-contractor for the NHP studies

28. Principal Investigator: Michael R. Betts, Ph.D.

Source: NIH/NIAID R56 AI- AI106481


Title of Project: CD8+ T cell effector transcriptio

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