gsm based heart beat monitoring system

GSM BASED HEART BEAT MONITORING SYSTEM

“GSM Based Heart BeatMonitoring System ”

AProject submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement

for the award of degree of

Bachelor of Engineering (Electronics & Communication Engineering)

Submitted To

Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal (M.P.)

Submitted byNarayan Gour

(0173EC091056)

Under the guidance ofProf. Vijay singh Baghel

Session 2009- 2013

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

BANSAL INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY, BHOPAL (M.P.)

(Approved by All India Council of Technical Education (AICTE)Affiliated to Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya Bhopal (M.P.)

Technical University of Madhya Pradesh

“Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Bansal Institute of Research & Technology,Bhopal”


CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project entitled “GSM Based Heart BeatMonitoring System” submitted to Rajiv Gandhi Prodyogiki Vishwavidyalaya,

Bhopal by Narayan Gour (0173EC091056) is a partial fulfillment of the

requirement for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of Engineering in

Electronics and Communication Engineering. The matter embodied is the

actual work by Narayan Gour and this work has not been submitted earlier in

part or full for the award of any other degree.

Candidate Name- Narayan Gour

Enrollment No - 0173EC091056

PRINCIPAL DIRECTORDr. N.K. Tiwari Dr. S.C. Soni

H.O.DProf. Sonali JainEC Department



DECLARATION

“I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of

my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written

by another person nor material which has been accepted for the award of any

other degree or diploma of the university or other institute of higher learning,

except where due acknowledgment has been made in the text.”

Place: BHOPAL Narayan Gour

Date: 0173EC091056.



ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The completion of this project work could have been possible with continued &

dedicated efforts & guidance of faculty & staff members of the Institute. We

acknowledge our gratitude to all of them. The acknowledgement however will

be incomplete without specific mention as follows:

We express our profound sense of gratitude to our project guide Prof. VIJAY

BAGHEL SIR, AP(EC Dept.), BIRT-Bhopal for his continued encouragement

& guidance during the project period.

We also express our sincere thanks to Prof. Sonali Jain, HOD(EC Dept.), BIRT-

Bhopal for her encouragement & providing all the facilities in the department.

We would like to extend our gratitude to Dr. S.C. Soni, Director, BIRT-Bhopal

& Dr. N.K. Tiwari, Principal , BIRT- Bhopal for their valuable encouragement

& approval of the project work.

Last but not the least, we would also like to thank our parents, and friends, who

helped us directly or indirectly in completion of the project.

PROJECT TEAM

Neha Kumari

Arun Singh Dangi

Jyoti Deshmukh

Narayan Gour



CONTENTS

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Proposed work

1.2 Scope of the work

1.3 design methodology

Chapter 2 system Description

2.1 introduction

2.2 block diagram

2.2.1 Transmitter section

1. heart beat sensor

2. microcontroller

3. power supply

2.2.2 Receiver section

1. gsm mobile

Chapter 3 hardware description

3.1 power supply

3.2 microcontroller P89C51

3.3 heart beat sensor

3.4 relay

3.5 voice recorder

3.6 mobile

Chapter4 Software description

4.1 software used

4.1.1 keil software

4.1.2 embeded c

4.2 program

4.3 application

Chapter5 PCB layout

5.1 Preparing Circuit Layout

Chapter6 Conclusion & Future enhancement

6.1 conclusion



6.2 future enhancement

6.3 refrence

FIGURE INDEX

Figure 1.1 Block diagram of Transmitter Circuit…………………………………….1

Figure1.2 Block diagram of receiver section …………………………………………3

Figure 2.1.1 Trasmitter circuit………….…………………..…………………………5

Figure 2.1.2 Receiver circuit………………………………………………………….7

Figure 3.1 Types of programming language………………………………………….10

Figure 3.2 Flowchart of software program………………………………….……......11

Figure 3.2.1 Programming Flash……………………………………………….…….13

Figure 3.2.2 Verify Flash………………...……………………..…...……………..…14

Figure 4.2 flow chart for preparation of pcb layout………………………………….19



CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Cardiovascular disease is one of the main causes of death in the many countries and in

1999, it accounted for over 15 million deaths worldwide. In addition, several million

people are disabled by cardiovascular disease (WHO, 1999). The delay between the first

symptom of any cardiac ailment and the call for medical assistance has a large variation

among different patients and can have fatal consequences. One critical inference drawn

from epidemiological data is that deployment of resources for early detection and

treatment of heart disease has a higher potential of reducing fatality associated with

cardiac disease than improved care after hospitalization. Hence new strategies are needed

in order to reduce time before treatment. Monitoring of patients is one possible solution.

Also, the trend towards an independent lifestyle has also increased the demand for

personalized non-hospital based care.

This project “Heart beat monitoring by GSM technology” can be used in hospitals and

also for patients who can be under continues monitoring while traveling from place to

place. Since the system is continuously monitoring the patient and in case of any

abnormal in the heart beat rate of the patient the system will immediately message to the

concerned doctors and relatives about the condition of the patient and abnormal details.

To perform these operations the system uses heart beat sensor, GSM modem, and to

control all these devices the heart of the system micro controller (P89V51RD2) is used.



1.1 Proposed Work

Some severe diseases and disorders e.g. heart failure needs close and continual

monitoring procedure after diagnosis, in order to prevent mortality or further damage as

secondary to the mentioned diseases or disorders. Monitoring these types of patients,

usually, occur at hospitals or healthcare centers. Heart arrhythmias for instance, in many

cases, need continual long-term monitoring. However, the patients are often too early

released, owing to need of hospital bed for another patient on the waiting list, who needs

to be hospitalized immediately.

1.2 Scope for Work

Long waiting time for hospitalization or ambulatory patient monitoring/treatment, are

other well-known issues for both the healthcare institutions and the patients. This project

provides healthcare authorities to maximize the quality and breadth of healthcare services

by controlling costs. As the population increases and demand for services increases, the

ability to maintain the quality and availability of care, while effectively managing

financial and human resources, is achieved by this project. The use of modern

communication technology in this context is the sole decisive factor that makes such

communication system successful.

1.3 Design Methodology

In transmitter circuit the Heat Beat is measured by LED and LDR, then it is applied to the

microcontroller. The Microcontroller maintains the records of the measured readings. It

compares the measured heart beat with the normal readings and checks it is within the

normal range or not. If it is normal, then it sends the message as normal otherwise it sends

abnormal to the specified mobile number. The time specified for sending message is

given by the user.



CHAPTER 2

SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

2.1 INTRODUCTION

Embedded systems are one of the emerging technologies which are touching every nook

and corner of the mind. “It is impossible to live without these embedded gadgets”-says

ELECTRONICS magazine. From the above statement, the liveliness of embedded system

can be understood. Data communications is one of the most rapidly growing commercial

market areas today, especially “wireless communications”. In the past few years, wireless

data communications has grown from an obscure and expensive curiosity into a practical

and affordable communication and networking technology.The convenience of wireless is

very appealing as not to deal with running cables to and from devices in order to

interconnect them, and wireless devices can be moved to any location within the

transmission range, while still being able to communicate and broadcast data. Due to this,

it is expected that wireless data communications will become even more popular and

more extensively used in the medical field. Currently the most popular method of

wireless communications is radio frequency transmission. As these devices have a very

low power consumption and power output, perhaps more importantly devices can achieve

good data transmission rates.



2.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Transmitter



2.2.1 POWER SUPPLY

The 230V line voltage is step-down, rectified, filtered and regulated using regulators to

obtain desired voltages. This circuit can give +5V output at about 150 mA current and

+3.8v and 12v respectively.

2.2.2 MICROCONTROLLER

The microcontroller used is P89V51RD2 operates at 11.0592 MHz at 5V D.C.

Microcontroller controls all the operatin. The microcontroller obtains the input from the

heart beat sensors and monitors the heart beat rate.

2.2.3 HEARTBEAT SENSOR

Heart beat sensor is designed to give digital output of heat beat when a finger is placed on

it. When the heart beat detector is working, the beat LED flashes in unison with each

heart beat. This digital output can be connected to microcontroller directly to measure the

Beats Per Minute (BPM) rate. It works on the principle of light modulation by blood flow

through finger at each pulse.

Receiver



2.2.1 GSM Mobile

This GSM-Modem should be a plug and play GSM 900 / GSM 1800 / GSM 1900

modem. A direct and easy integration with RS232 and with in voltage range for the

power supply.

A WAVECOM's GSM/GPRS modem is suitable for the GSM-SMS Transceiver System.

The features of SIMCOM-Modem:

Triband GSM GPRS modem(EGSM 900/1800/1900 MHz)

Designed for GPRS, data, fax, SMS and voice applications

GPRS multi-slot class 10

GPRS mobile station class B

Designed for GPRS, data, fax, SMS and voice applications

Fully compliant with GSM Phase 2/2+ specifications

Built-in TCP/IP Protocol

Built-in RTC in the module

AT Command based

2.3 CIRCUIT DISCRIPTION

In microcontroller used is 89C51 whose ports are configured as I/P and output ports. The

pins of input and output ports and both indicator assemble. The ports P1 is configured as

input port and P0 as output port. P1 is from pin 1 and pin8 of ICR. Pin 18 and 19 are



connected to crystal pin 40 and pin 20 are connected +5V and ground respectively pin9 is

connected to reset switch though R and C combination and +5V. Port P0 is having pin 39

to pin32 as P0.0 to P0.7 in sequence order.

The interface IC1 and IC3 are connected to ports P1 and P0 respectively. The I/P of IC1 i.e. pin 2

and pin 9 to which sensors can be connected. The pins of IC3 i.e. pin 18 to pin11 are output pins.

The output from P0.1 is fed to relay driver which sends the command to delay the stored

number to communication system. The output from P0.2 is fed to relay which remove the

connection from cradle. The command is also fed to the circuit which starts the play of recorded

message.



CHAPTER 3

3.1 HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

1 RESISTORS :

A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical

resistance as a circuit element.

The current through a resistor is in direct proportion to the voltage across the resistor's

terminals. This relationship is represented by Ohm's law

where I is the current through the conductor in units of amperes, V is the potential difference

measured across the conductor in units of volts, and R is the resistance of the conductor in

units of ohms.

The ratio of the voltage applied across a resistor's terminals to the intensity of current in the

circuit is called its resistance, and this can be assumed to be a constant (independent of the

voltage) for ordinary resistors working within their ratings.

Resistors are common elements of electrical networks and electronic circuits and are

ubiquitous in electronic equipment. Practical resistors can be made of various compounds and

films, as well as resistance wire (wire made of a high-resistivity alloy, such as nickel-chrome).

Resistors are also implemented within integrated circuits, particularly analog devices, and can

also be integrated into hybrid and printed circuits.

COLOR DIGIT MULTIPLIER TOLERANCE TC

Silver x 0.01 ±10% Gold x 0.1 ±5% Black 0 x 1 Brown 1 x 10 ±1% ±100*10-6/K

Red 2 x 100 ±2% ±50*10-6/K

Orange 3 x 1 k ±15*10-6/K

Yellow 4 x 10 k ±25*10-6/K

Green 5 x 100 k ±0.5% Blue 6 x 1 M ±0.25% ±10*10-6/K

Violet 7 x 10 M ±0.1% ±5*10-6/K



Grey 8 x 100 M White 9 x 1 G ±1*10-6/K

2 DIODES :

In electronics, a diode is a two-terminal electronic component with an asymmetric transfer

characteristic, with low (ideally zero) resistance to current flow in one direction, and high

(ideally infinite) resistance in the other. A semiconductor diode, the most common type today,

is a crystalline piece of semiconductor material with a p–n junction connected to two

electrical terminals. A vacuum tube diode is a vacuum tube with two electrodes,

a plate(anode) and heated cathode.

The most common function of a diode is to allow an electric current to pass in one direction

(called the diode's forward direction), while blocking current in the opposite direction

(the reverse direction). Thus, the diode can be viewed as an electronic version of a check

valve. This unidirectional behavior is called rectification, and is used to convert alternating

current to direct current, including extraction of modulation from radio signals in radio

receivers—these diodes are forms of rectifiers.

However, diodes can have more complicated behavior than this simple on–off action.

Semiconductor diodes begin conducting electricity only if a certain threshold voltage or cut-in

voltage is present in the forward direction (a state in which the diode is said to be forward-

biased). The voltage drop across a forward-biased diode varies only a little with the current,

and is a function of temperature; this effect can be used as a temperature sensor or voltage

reference.

These are available with different current rating, voltage rating, power rating and are used

for different applications. The diodes of higher wattages are of bigger sizes. The Symbol

of Diode and the ideal curves of diodes are shown below.

Current

Voltage

Diode Symbol



ideal curve



Current

Forward Region

Break Down Voltage

Voltage

Knee Voltage =0.7V

Reverse Region

Diode Characteristics :

Diodes are of different types like Photodiode, Varactor diode, Schotkey Diode, PIN

diode, Zener Diode etc.

Zener Diode :

Small signal and rectifier diodes are never operated in the break down region because

this may damage them. The zener diode is made to operate in breakdown region,

sometimes called breakdown diode. The zener diode is the back bone of voltage

regulators, circuits that hold the load voltage almost constant despite large changes in the

line voltage and load resistance.



Symbol of Zener Diode

3 Light Emitting Diode:

In a forward biased diode, free electrons cross the junction and fall in to holes. As these electrons fall from a higher to a lower energy level, they radiate energy. In ordinary diodes this energy goes off in the form of heat. But in the light emitting diode (LED) the energy radiates as light. LEDs that radiate red, green, yellow, blue, orange or infrared are manufactured by using elements like gallium, arsenic, and phosphorous. LEDs that produce visible radiations are useful with instruments, calculators etc. The infrared LED finds application in burglar systems and other areas requiring invisible radiations. The seven segment displays uses 7 LEDs.

The symbol of LED

4 TRANSFORMERS :

A transformer is a static electrical device that transfers energy by inductive coupling between

its winding circuits. A varying current in the primary winding creates a varying magnetic

flux in the transformer's core and thus a varying magnetic flux through

the secondary winding. This varying magnetic flux induces a varying electromotive force

(emf) or voltage in the secondary winding.

Transformers range in size from thumbnail-sized used in microphones to units weighing

hundreds of tons interconnecting the power grid. A wide range of transformer designs are

used in electronic and electric power applications. Transformers are essential for

the transmission, distribution, and utilization of electrical energy.



5 POWER SUPPLY

The transformer 230Volts will be stepped down to 12-0-12 one side of the 12V is given to

the 7805 and Lm317.In this project the microcontroller requires +5V power supply. The

design description of power supply is given below.

The +5 Volt and 3.8V power supply is based on the commercial 7805 & Lm317 voltage

regulator IC. This IC contains all the circuitry needed to accept any input voltage from 8

to 18 volts and produce a steady +5 volt & 3.8volt output, accurate to within 5% (0.25

volt). It also contains current-limiting circuitry and thermal overload protection, so that

the IC won't be damaged in case of excessive load current; it will reduce its output

voltage instead.

The 1000µf capacitor serves as a "reservoir" which maintains a reasonable input

voltage to the 7805 throughout the entire cycle of the ac line voltage. The bridge rectifier

(WM04) keep recharging the reservoir capacitor on alternate half-cycles of the line

voltage, and the capacitor is quite capable of sustaining any reasonable load in between

charging pulses.

The LED and its series resistor(220ohm) serve as a pilot light to indicate when the power

supply is on and also helps to the reservoir capacitor is completely discharged after power

is turned off. Then I know it's safe to remove or install components for the next

experiment.



Fig 1: Power supply Circuit Diagram

3.1.1 LM317:

The LM317 series of adjustable 3-terminal positive voltage regulators is capable of

supplying in excess of 1.5A over a 1.2V to 37V output range. They are exceptionally easy

to use and require only two external resistors to set the output voltage.Further, both line

and load regulations are better than standard fixed regulators. Also, the LM317 is

packaged in standard transistor packages which are easily mounted and handled.

Fig 2: LM317 pin out



A truly timeless circuit LM317 is a versatile and highly efficient 1.2-37V voltage

regulator that can provide up to 1.5A of current with a large heat sink. It’s ideal for just

about any application. This was my first workbench power supply and I still use it. Since

LM317 is protected against short-circuit, no fuse is necessary. Thanks to automatic

thermal shutdown, it will turn off if heating excessively.

All in all, a very powerful (and affordable!) package, indeed. Although LM317 is

capable of delivering up to 37V, the circuit pictured here is limited to 25V for the sake of

safety and simplicity.

Any higher output voltage would require additional components and a larger heat

sink. Make sure that the input voltage is at least a couple of Volts higher than the desired

output. It’s ok to use a trimmer if you’re building a fixed-voltage supply.

3.1.2 LM7805:

Fig 3: IC Lm7805 pin out

The 7805 is a +5V DC three-terminal fixed-voltage regulator chip. It is a popular low-

cost voltage regulator used in many projects and it is relatively easy to build a power

supply with.

The disadvantage of the 7805 is that it is a "lousy" regulator and therefore not

very efficient. Thus it will not work well using AA batteries, for example. The 7805 is

commonly packaged in a TO-220 case and is rated at 1.0 amp, plenty for the GPS-20.

However, in order for the 7805 to handle its designed rating requires a heat sink be

installed on the 7805.



Bare this in mind when you build this version of the power supply. If the 7805

will be in the open air it may be okay without a heat sink, but if you install it inside an

enclosure, it will require one. If the enclosure is aluminum, simply attach the 7805 to the

enclosure, it will act as a heat sink.

6 CAPACITORS:

This are the storage devices but has in built Resistance that’s why the storage voltage

does not last for longer period. The use of capacitor is for tuning the circuit, filtering the

noise to ground, creating the timing pulse as in our case. The capacitors cannot be

fabricated on ICs because of the technical difficulty.

The different values of capacitor that are available are 1pf, 2pf, 2.2pf, 100pf, 200pf, 1000pf, 0.001uf, and 0.01uf, 0.1uf, 2uf, 10uf, 22uf, 33uf, 47uf, 56uf, 68uf, 82uf, 100uf, 220uf, 330uf etc. The capacitors are selected based on capacitance and voltage rating. Higher the voltage higher the size of the capacitor. These are available in following types.

Electrolytic Capacitor:

These capacitors have electrolyte as the dielectric between the two plates. These are

available with polarity + and -.These are available with vertical mount or horizontal

mount configuration.

Paper Capacitor :

These capacitors are available in low range of capacitance. The paper is used as

dielectrics media between the two plates.

Mica Capacitor :These capacitors are also available in low range of capacitance. The mica is used as

dielectrics media between the two plates.

Disc Capacitor :

These are available from 1pF to 10000UF.



3.2 MICROCONTROLLER P89V51RD2

1.General description

The P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 are 80C51 microcontrollers with 16/32/64 kB flash and 1024

B of data RAM. A key feature of the P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 is its X2 mode option. The

design engineer can choose to run the application with the conventional 80C51 clock rate

(12 clocks per machine cycle) or select the X2 mode (six clocks per machine cycle) to

achieve twice the throughput at the same clock frequency. Another way to benefit from

this feature is to keep the same performance by reducing the clock frequency by half, thus

dramatically reducing the EMI The flash program memory supports both parallel

programming and in serial ISP. Parallel programming mode offers gang-programming at

high speed, reducing programming costs and time to market. ISP allows a device to be

reprogrammed in the end product under software control. The capability to field/update

the application firmware makes a wide range of applications possible. The

P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 is also capable of IAP, allowing the flash program memory to be

reconfigured even while the application is running.

2. Features

80C51 CPU

5 V operating voltage from 0 MHz to 40 MHz

16/32/64 kB of on-chip flash user code memory with ISP and IAP

Supports 12-clock (default) or 6-clock mode selection via software or ISP

SPI and enhanced UART

PCA with PWM and capture/compare functions

Four 8-bit I/O ports with three high-current port 1 pins (16 mA each)

Three 16-bit timers/counters

Programmable watchdog timer

Eight interrupt sources with four priority levels

Second DPTR register

Low EMI mode (ALE inhibit)



TTL- and CMOS-compatible logic levels

Brownout detection

Low power modes

Power-down mode with external interrupt wake-up

Idle mode



3.Block diagram of P89V51RD2



4 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2

Fig 4: DIP40 pin configuration



4. PIN DESCRIPTION

VCC: Supply voltage.

GND: Ground.

Port 0:

Port 0 is an 8-bit open-drain bi-directional I/O port. As an output port, each pin can sink

eight TTL inputs. When 1s are written to port 0 pins, the pins can be used as high-

impedance inputs. Port 0 may also be configured to be the multiplexed low-order

address/data bus during accesses to external pro-gram and data memory. In this mode P0

has internal pull-ups. Port 0 also receives the code bytes during Flash programming, and

outputs the code bytes during program verification. External pull-ups are required during

program verification.

Port 1:

Port 1 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 1 output

buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 1 pins they are

pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 1 pins that

are externally being pulled low will source) because of the internal pull-ups. Current (IIL

Port 1 also receives the low-order address bytes during Flash programming and

verification.

Port 2:

Port 2 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 2 output buffers

can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 2 pins they are pulled high

by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 2 pins that are

externally being pulled low will source) because of the internal pull-ups. In this

application, it uses strong internal pull-ups when emitting 1s. During accesses to external

data memory that uses 8-bit addresses (MOVX @ RI), Port 2 emits the contents of the P2

Special Function Register. Port 2 also receives the high-order address bits and some

control signals during Flash programming and verification.



Port 3:

Port 3 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 3 output buffers

can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 3 pins they are pulled high

by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 3 pins that are

externally being pulled low will source) because of the pull-ups.

Oscillator characteristics (using on-chip oscillator)

Oscillator characteristics (external clock drive)



All the port pins are said to be Bit addressable. The bit addressable RAM is a new

concept. If the RAM location is bit addressable then its in individual bit has unique bit

address. Refer to fig. 2 for pin configuration and bit addressable concepts. Bits in the bit

addressable RAM can be addressed by their bit address or in the dot notation. The bit

address for pin, port 0.0 is 80 hex, port 0.1 is 81 hex, port 0.2 is 82 hex and so on. The bit

address for pin port1.0 is 90 hex, port 1.1 is 91hex,port 1.2 is 92hex and so on. Please

note bit address and port address are different 80 hex bit address means port P0.0 and 80

hex internal RAM address means port 0 as a complete. There are separate instruction for

addressing bit and byte it is the instruction which decides weather bit is addressed or byte

is addressed 89C51 has instruction to clear the bit ,set the bit, compliment the bit OR the

bit ,AND the bit and conditional jump instruction depending on , the bit is set or clear.

The pins of the port 3 have alternate use. 89C51 has built in serial interface

two pins are used for this purpose. Serial data will be always received on port pin P3.0, so

the port 3.0 is labeled as RXD and serial data will be transmitted on port pin P3.1,so the

port 3.1 is labeled as TXD. External interrupt if used will be connected to port pin P3.2

and P3.3. So these pins are labeled as INT0 and INT1 89C51 has two timer/ counter

module they can count pulses appearing a port pin P3.4 and P3.5 these pins are labeled

T0 and T1 respectively

If external ROM or RAM has to be interfaced then port 0 is used as 8 bit

multiplexed AD bus. AD0 TO AD7. And port 2 is used as higher order Addressed Bus

A8 to A15. the function of pin ALE is same as in 8085, to generate strobe for latching

lower order address byte. Port pin P3.6 and P6.7 are connected to WR and RD/ for

external RAM.

From the practical point of view, we can say that 89C51 has 4K on chip

Flash ROM and 256 byte of on chip RAM called internal RAM plus it has two timer/

counter module, serial interface, four 8-bit ports, interrupt handling logic as standard

feature. It can also address 64K external RAM , and /or remaining 60K of external ROM.

But as many as 80 pins are used to interfacing external memory. As so many pin are lost

in interfacing, design using these external memory are not preferred if one needs more



RAM one can use serial EEROM , which are more economical, and used 3 lines for

interfacing.

89C51 has wonderful features it has multiprocessing mode in this mode,

there is one master 89C51 and no’s of other slave 89C51 master can communicate with

the slave 89C51,sharing the common serial bus, without disturbing other 89C51 even

though they are connected to common serial bus. This feature is quite advanced. We just

mention that chips in the MCS-51 have multiprocessing capability and is not advised to

go into details of it unless person gathers basic skill in programming.



COMPONENT LIST

SN COMPONENT TYPE QUANTITY

1 IC Base 40 PIN 1

2 IC Base 20 PIN 2

3 IC1 89C51 1

4 IC2 & IC3 74245 2

5 Crystal 11.0592 MHz 1

6 Relay 12v D.C. 5

7 Regulator IC 7805 1

8 Regulator IC 7812 1

9 Transistor BC547 5

10 Resistor 10k,1/4W 20

4.7k,1/4W 5

1k,1/4W 1

11 Capacitor 33pf 2

1

7000

microF/25v

1

47 microF/50v 1

100

microF/25v

10

12 LED Red 5

13 Switch Micro 1

14 Diode 1N4007 15

15 Recorded ckt 1

16 Amplifier ckt 1

17 Telephone ckt 1

18 Transformer 6-0-6/750Ma 1

6-0-6/250Ma 1

19 Lead Wire 1



2. BLOCK DIAGRAM

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF 89C51S



BLOCK DIAGRAM OF LM7805



7 RELAYS:

These are electromagnetic devices which make or break the contact as

per the control voltage. There are solid state relays which do not consume

much power for their operation, but are not available in higher current

rating. Relays are being substituted by SCRs also called thyrister for

on/off control

Relays



INTRODUCTION TO MCS-51 SERISE

Before the era of microprocessor, circuit were constructed using desecrate

logic like various gates, counters, flip-flops, decoders, monostables and

registers. Circuit diagram was designed as per the requirement prototype

PCB is made interconnecting the logic components as per the design.

Testing and debugging was done in the lab. During the testing some

modification were required. When the product was tested on the field,

some changes are required this requires new design of PCB.

To overcome this difficulties scientist and engineer were

working on a machine, which could read the set of instruction to do a

particular job called PROGRAM, stored in a memory and executes it . The

instruction would be simple like ADD, SUBTRACT, AND, OR, INVERT,

ROTATE and MOVE. If such a machine could made then, making changes

in the design means, making changes in the program, which is

comparatively easy. The birth of computer is also a result of such

thinking. Because of the advancement in the silicon technology, it was

possible to design such a device called microprocessor. The

microprocessor will read the instruction stored in Rom, the read only

memory, and execute in PROM programmers were used to put the desired

program inside the ROM. This process called the programming the ROM,

also called burning the program inside the ROM Intel come out first with

8080 microprocessor. This was followed by the 8085, which become vary

popular and accepted by industry all over the world. The use of 8085,

always follows the use of external ROM like 2764, external RAM 6264,

8bit latch 74LS373, address decoding logic 74LS138, I/O device such as

8155/8255. Serial interface 8251,timers/counters 8253,or discrete logic

again the effort were made to put all the standard hardware logic in one

chip. As a result of such an effort, Intel comes out with MCS-51 series. It

has all the above features, i .e. ROM. RAM, I/O, serial interface.



Timers/counters logic built-in chip or embedded in it . Plus enhanced

instruction set. This includes bit manipulation instruction, and instruction

to multiply and divide 8 bit hexadecimal number. It also has code

protection features.

When Intel introduced MCS-51 series there were basically three IC’s in

the series, namely 8031,8051 and8751. 8031 needs external ROM like

2764. 8051 has internal but one time programmable or OTP ROM 8751 has

on chip UV erasable ROM 8031 was suitable for production, it is not

possible to reprogram 8751 has UV erasable on chip ROM, which requires

20 minutes to erase and it was quit expensive. Atmel made a break through

and developed flash version of 8051, called the 89C51 which has built in

Flash Rom .in flash version applying proper logic levels at controls pin

and just one push at the erase pin can erase program. The process is called

flash erasing. With this technique existing program can be erased quickly

and new program can be burn. The price of the flash version was also

affordable. 89C51 IC’s become very popular. It is Hardware and Software

compatible with MCS-51 series IC 8051.

Quick look at 8085 IC revels that, it has 16 bit for addressing the memory,

which can address 64K memory of which some part can be ROM and remaining can be

RAM. But total of RAM and ROM can not exceed 64K. MCS-51 series can address 64K

ROM, 64K RAM & 256 byte internal RAM. Out of the 64K ROM. Not all the ROM

resides on the chip 89C59 has 4k of on chip ROM and rest of the must be physically out

side the chip. The 64K RAM is always out side the chip and is called external RAM.

Apart from the 64K external RAM, there is 256 byte internal RAM which is always in

side the chip & is called internal RAM. Industrial application with moderate complexity

can be fitted inside the 4K of ROM. The 256 byte internal RAM is divided into two equal

parts of 128 byte each. The upper half, from location 128 to 256 is reserved for special

purpose registers & is called SFR area. If program demands extra ROM, one can use

higher version, the 89C52 which has on chip 8K ROM. Next higher version is also

available. Next higher version is also available. The 89C55 has 20K of on chip ROM. If



the program is written in assembly language, 4K ROM of 89C 51 is more then sufficient

for most of the application.

8 voice recorder

A buzzer or beeper is a signaling device, usually electronic, typically used in

automobiles, household appliances such as a microwave oven. Metal disk with

piezoelectric disk is attached, to a buzzer. It most commonly consists of a

number of switches or sensors connected to a control unit that determines if and

which button was pushed or a preset time has lapsed, and usually illuminates a

light on the appropriate button or control panel, and sounds a warning in the form

of a continuous or intermittent buzzing or beeping sound. Initially this device was

based on an electromechanical system which was identical to an electric bell

without the metal gong. Often these units were anchored to a wall or ceiling and

used the ceiling or wall as a sounding board. Another implementation with some

AC-connected devices was to implement a circuit to make the AC current into a

noise loud enough to drive a loudspeaker and hook this circuit up to a cheap 8-

ohm speaker.

Fig. 5 VOICE RECORDER



CHAPTER 4

Software description

4.1 software used

4.1.1 Pannecal software

4.1.2 embeded c

4.2 program



Chapter 5

5.1 PCB LAYOUT

The entire circuit can be easily assembled on a general purpose P.C.B. board

respectively. Layout of desired diagram and preparation is first and most important

operation in any printed circuit board manufacturing process. First of all layout of

component side is to be made in accordance with available components dimensions. The

following points are to be observed while forming the layout of P.C.B.

1. Between two components, sufficient space should be maintained.

2. High voltage/max dissipated components should be mounted at sufficient distance

from semiconductor and electrolytic capacitors.

3. The most important points are that the components layout is making proper

compromise with copper side circuit layout. Printed circuit board (P.C.B.s) is used to

avoid most of all the disadvantages of conventional breadboard. These also avoid the

use of thin wires for connecting the components; they are small in size and efficient in

performance.

An actual-size,single-side PCB layout of the transmitter for wireless equipment control

using microcontroller is shown in fig.and its component layout in fig.The actual-

size,single-sided PCB layout for receiver circuit is shown in fig.and its component layout

in fig.

PCB LAYOUT OF RELAY:-



FRONT SIDE

REAR SIDE



5.2 P r e p a ri ng C ir cu i t La yo u t

First of all the actual size circuit layout is to be drawn on the copper side of the copper

clad board. Then enamel paint is applied on the tracks of connection with the help of a

shade brush. We have to apply the paints surrounding the point at which the

connection is to be made. It avoids the disconnection between the leg of the

component and circuit track. After completion of painting work, it is allowed to dry.

1 DRILLING

After completion of painting work, holes 1/23inch(1mm) diameter are drilled at desired

points where we have to fix the components.

2 ETCHING

The removal of excess of copper on the plate apart from the printed circuit is known as

etching. From this process the copper clad board wit printed circuit is placed in the

solution of FeCl with 3-4 drops of HCL in it and is kept so for about 10 to 15 minutes and

is taken out when all the excess copper is removed from the P.C.B.

3 SOLDERING

Soldering is the process of joining two metallic conductor the joint where two metal

conductors are to be join or fused is heated with a device called soldering iron and

then as allow of tin and lead called solder is applied which melts and converse the

joint. The solder cools and solidifies quickly to ensure is good and durable connection

between the jointed metal converting the joint solder also present oxidation.



5.3 FLOWCHART


Single sided copper clad copper

Manually cut the board into required size

Clean the Board

Develop the layout of the circuit

Etch unwanted copper

Solder the components on the boed BObBbbbbbbobboed PCB

Drill holes


CHAPTER 6

6.1 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS

6.1 CONCLUSION

Cardiovascular disease is one of the major causes of untimely deaths in world, heart beat

readings are by far the only viable diagnostic tool that could promote early detection of

cardiac events. Wireless and mobile technologies are key components that would help

enable patients suffering from chronic heart diseases to live in their own homes and lead

their normal life,while at the same time being monitored for any cardiac events. This will

not only serve to reduce the burden on the resources of the healthcare center but would

also improve the quality of healthcare sector. In this project,the heart beat rate of the

patient is sensed.When the implant detects a heart beat rate, it will alert the

microcontroller which in turn will automatically send the message and provide the

patient’s condition so that the patient will be given medical attention within the first few

critical hours, thus greatly improving his or her chances of survival.

6.2 FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS

This algorithm deals only with single patient. This algorithm can be extended to

multiple doctors and multiple patients.

In future we can also design PC software to analyze this received signal and

generate the report and this can be sent back to the doctor.

With the connection established between two ends we can also send patient’s

body temperature, blood pressure to doctor’s side.

In addition to ECG rate, we can also send EEG (electroencephalogram) and

EMG (electromyogram) signals for analyzing.

Using GSM technology we can display the ECG signal on doctor’s mobile

phone.



6.3 REFERENCES

Kenneth J. Ayala – The 8051 Microcontroller Architecture, Programming and

Applicatins, 2nd Edition, Penarm International, 1996

Muhammad Ali Mazidi an Janice Gillispie – The 8051 Microcontroller

Architecture and Embedded systems, Pearson Education, pearson Eduction, 2003

Boylested and Nashelsky- Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, EEE, 8th

Edition 2002

Gsm Technology By Lokesh Raghavan

Electronics For You - Magazine

www.Wikipidea.com

www.google.com


http://www.google.com/

gsm based heart beat monitoring system

Documents

varying magnetic flux

timer counter module

heart beat rate

common serial bus

wireless data communications

bit addressable ram

port pin p3

heat beat