gs2k module power measurement application note · 2018-02-07 · gs2k module power measurement...

GS2K Module Power Measurement Application Note

80560NT11603A Rev. 1.0 – 2016-11-01


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NOTICE

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USAGE AND DISCLOSURE RESTRICTIONS

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APPLICABILITY TABLE

Note: The features described in the present document are provided by the products equipped with the software versions equal or higher than the versions shown in the table. See also the Document History chapter.

PRODUCT

GS2K based Modules

For EVB /SKB


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Revision History

Version Date Remarks

1.0 November 2016 Initial release


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Table of Contents NOTICE……………….. ................................................................................................................ 2

COPYRIGHTS…… ...................................................................................................................... 2

COMPUTER SOFTWARE COPYRIGHTS .................................................................................. 2

USAGE AND DISCLOSURE RESTRICTIONS ........................................................................... 3

APPLICABILITY TABLE ............................................................................................................. 4

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 9

1.1 PURPOSE .........................................................................................................................9 CHAPTER 2 POWER MANAGEMENT STATES FOR EVB3.0 ............................................... 10

1.2 MEASURING STANDBY POWER ........................................................................................10 1.3 MEASURING DEEP SLEEP POWER ...................................................................................17 1.4 MEASURING OPERATING POWER ....................................................................................24

CHAPTER 3 POWER MANAGEMENT STATES FOR SKB .................................................... 30

1.5 POWER MEASUREMENT CIRCUITRY .................................................................................30 1.6 BATTERY GAUGE CIRCUIT ...............................................................................................31 1.7 SKB POWER STATES AND AVERAGE CURRENT ...............................................................31 1.8 CONFIGURING THE SKB FOR CURRENT MEASUREMENT ..................................................32

Building the S2W Firmware using SDK Builder .................................................................. 32 Programming the S2W Firmware into the SKB ................................................................... 32 Jumper Settings for Current Measurements ....................................................................... 32 Connecting the Bench Supply and Digital Multi-Meter ....................................................... 33 Configuring the Serial Port .................................................................................................. 33

1.9 MEASURING TRANSMIT CURRENT ...................................................................................34 1.10 MEASURING RECEIVE CURRENT .....................................................................................34 1.11 MEASURING DEEPSLEEP CURRENT ................................................................................35 1.12 MEASURING STANDBY CURRENT .....................................................................................35 1.13 MEASURING PS-POLL AVERAGE CURRENT ....................................................................36

PS-POLL with Standby Average Current Measurements ................................................... 36 PS-POLL with DeepSleep Average Current Measurements .............................................. 38

APPENDIX A BUILDING THE S2W FIRMWARE USING SDK BUILDER ............................. 40

APPENDIX B PROGRAMMING SKB WITH GAINSPAN FIRMWARE ................................... 42

APPENDIX C CONFIGURING SERIAL PORT FOR POWER MEASUREMENT ................... 44


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List of Figures

Figure 1: Experimental Setup for Measuring GS2200 EVB3 REV 1.0 Board Standby Power .11

Figure 2: Tera Term VT COM Port Settings - Standby Mode ....................................................14

Figure 3: Serial-to-WiFI APP Message Within Tera Term Window - Standby Mode ................15

Figure 4: Setting Standby Mode in Milliseconds – Standby Mode ............................................16

Figure 5: Evaluation Board 3.0 Bank of Resistors - Measuring Deep Sleep Power .................17

Figure 6: Experimental Setup for Measuring GS2011 REV 3.0 Board Deep Sleep Power ......18

Figure 7: Tera Term VT COM Port Settings – Standby Mode ...................................................21

Figure 8: Serial-to-WiFi APP Message Within Tera Term Window - Standby Mode ................22

Figure 9: Setting Module into Deep Sleep Mode .......................................................................23

Figure 10: Experimental Setup for Measuring EVB3.0 Board Operating Power .......................24

Figure 11: GS2200MIZ Associated to AP in PS-Poll Mode with DTIM=1 .................................29

Figure 12:Power Measurement Circuit ......................................................................................30

Figure 13: Power Measurement Mode Switch ...........................................................................31

Figure 14: Battery Gauge Circuit ................................................................................................31

Figure 15: Current Profile in using PS-Polling with Standy between Beacons .........................38

Figure 16: Current Profile using PS-Polling with Deepsleep between Beacons .......................39

Figure 17: SDK Builder Configuration ........................................................................................40



Figure 20: Program Mode and GainSpan Flash Programmer ...................................................42

Figure 21: Status of Firmware Programming .............................................................................43

Figure 22: Serial Port Settings ...................................................................................................44

Figure 23: Serial Port Output .....................................................................................................45


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List of Tables Table 1: Standby Mode Jumper Settings for EVB3.0 ................................................................12

Table 2: Standby Mode Jumper Settings for EVB3.0 ................................................................19

Table 3: Operating Power Measurement Jumper Settings for EVB3.0 .....................................26

Table 4: Power States ................................................................................................................32

Table 5: Recommended Jumper Settings for Power Measurements ........................................32

Table 6: Power Source Selection ...............................................................................................33

Table 7: AT Commands and Comments ....................................................................................34


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Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 PURPOSE

This document describes a method for measuring the typical power consumption of a Sensor Node based on the GainSpan System-on-Chip (SoC), currently exemplified by the GS2000. All measurements described by this document can be performed with the GainSpan GS2011 Evaluation Boards (EVB) of the GS2011M EVB3 – REV2.0 (noted by “GS2xxxM EVB3 – REV2.0” marking on PCB of evaluation board and a GS2011MIE, GS2011MIZ, or GS2011MIES and GS2200MIZ EVB3-REV1_0 marking on the label on the shield of the GainSpan module on the board). These boards are GainSpan SoC reference designs that can be powered by either a lab power supply or a standard USB power supply. They include all the peripheral circuitry required to power and clock the SoC, as well as on-board light and temperature sensors.

Using any of the above evaluation boards and the Serial-to-Wi-Fi reference firmware applications as described by this document simplifies measurement of both Standby, Deep Sleep, and Operating power consumption.

NOTE: The power measurement instructions in this document is based on the GS2200M EVB3.0.


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Chapter 2 Power Management States for EVB3.0

The power consumption of the EVB boards is dominated by the GainSpan SoC itself. The power consumed by the SoC depends on the operations of its various system components. Note that the SoC Standby and Deep Sleep states are distinguished from other states by the deactivation of the high-speed 40 MHz crystal and 80 MHz RC oscillators, which both saves power in the clock oscillator and terminates high-speed switching in the remainder of the chip. In the Standby state, only the low-frequency (32.768 kHz) RTC module and associated circuitry are operating, and power consumption is greatly reduced.

Power consumption is computed by multiplying measured voltage and power. Power consumption is typically measured by placing a small power measuring resistor in series with the power supply. This resistor must be scaled appropriately to provide enough gain to measure the power with sufficient accuracy, while at the same time, not dropping enough voltage to affect the experiment. The power consumption of the GainSpan GS2200 SoC varies over 5 orders of magnitude (from 4 μA to 300 mA) since different methods are being used for measuring Standby, Deep Sleep, and operating power. The methods to be used for performing measurements of each of these power draws are provided by the following sections of this document.

1.2 MEASURING STANDBY POWER

The following procedure to measure standby power can be used with the GS2011module as shield marking with GS2011M EVB3 boards and GS2200MIZ modules on GS2200M EVB3 marking on PCB of evaluation board. Also, GS2011MIE, GS2011MIZ or GS2011MIES marking on the label on the shield of the GainSpan module on the board.

To measure standby power, a 3.3 Volt DC power supply is connected to test points TP3 (+) and TP6 (GND) of the EVB3.0 board (TP3 is a yellow loop connector labeled “BENCH 3V3”, while TP6 is a brown loop connector labeled “POWER MEAS SUPPLY GND) and an ammeter is connected to the two pins of J23 (after removing the jumper from this connector). The GS2200 module under test is then placed into standby mode. The ammeter measures the power drawn through the VRTC supply in the GainSpan module which supplies the RTC (Real Time Clock) block which is the only part of the module in operation while the module is in standby mode.

The connections to be done on the GS2200 EVB 3 REV 3.0 board are as shown in Figure 1.


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Figure 1: Experimental Setup for Measuring GS2200 EVB3 REV 1.0 Board Standby Power

To perform this experiment, set up the experimental apparatus as follows:

1. Configure the EVB3.0 board with GainSpan Serial-to-Wi-F Application Firmware (AFW), as provided with the Evaluation Kit. Loading of the Serial-to-Wi-Fi firmware can be done under USB power.

2. Set the DC supply output voltage to 3.3V. Set the power limit to 500 mA.

3. Turn off the DC supply.

4. Set the jumpers and connectors of the EVB3.0 board (see Table 1).


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Table 1: Standby Mode Jumper Settings for EVB3.0

Jumper Setting Description

J1 Leave all pins of J1 disconnected (do not place any jumpers on J1)

N/A


N/A

J4

Leave all jumpers connected for J4 with the exception of the following two jumpers:

- Remove the jumper placed

between pins 1 and 2 (far left of J4

labeled V_LED)


between pins 37 and 38 (second

jumper from right to left of J4

labeled VFLASH)


between pins 11 and 12 (labeled

VIN_3V3_LED)

- Removes the jumper placed


3V3_LED)



SEN_PWR)

- Removing the V_LED jumper

will remove power from the

EVB board’s LEDs.

- Removing the VFLASH jumper


EVB board’s flash memory as

well as from the apple

authentication chip (the second

is only valid for EVB boards

that include this chip).

- Removing the VIN_3V3_LED

and 3V3_LED jumper

disconnects LEDs D8 and D9.

- Removing the SEN_PWR

jumper disconnects the power

to the sensors.

J13 Leave jumper in place between pins 1 and 2 for J13 at start of test.

Leaves GPIO25/UART0_RTS connected .


Shorts 1 Ohm resistor used to measure active mode power consumption.


Shorts 100 Ohm resistor used to measure deep sleep power consumption.

J23

Connect leftmost pin of J23 to GND terminal of ammeter and rightmost pin of J23 to + terminal of ammeter.

Connects Ammeter in line between 3V3 and GS2011 VRTC power supply pin for standby power measurement

J24 Leave J24 pins disconnected (remove jumper if one is present).

Leaves GPIO25 Program select input in Disconnects GPIO8/I2C_DATA

J29 Leave jumper between pins 1 and 2 (closer to module on evaluation board).

N/A


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J30 Place jumper between pins 1 and 2 (Logic High – 3.3 V)

Sets the voltage for logic high for the module. Leaving the pins between 2 and 3 (Logic High – 1.8 V) does not have any impact on the power measurement.

J31 Place jumper between pins 2 and 3 (pins marked as Bench 3V3).

Selects a lab power supply (through test points TP2 and TP16) instead of USB connector as the power supply.

J32 Leave jumper placed between pins 2 and 3 of J32 (pins marked as STANDBY for J32 on evaluation board).

Enables module to operate in standby mode when needed (instead of setting it to operate in always on mode as selected by placing a jumper between pins 1 and 2 on J32).


Disconnect GPIO9/I2C_CLK disconnected.

J34 Leave jumper between pics 1 and 2 N/A

J35

Choose one of the two options for the jumper position:

- Place jumper between pins 1 and

2

- Place jumper between pics 2 and

3.

The VREG jumper decides the input power to the module.

- If the jumper is placed between

pics 1 and 2, the on-board

regulator is bypassed and the

input to the module is 3.3 V.



regulator is used and the imput

is 1.8 V.

Measure power on both settings to decide whether to use an on-board regulator for the design.

J36 Leave J36 pins disconnected (remove jumper if one is present)

N/A


5. After connecting the power supply and ammeter, and configuring the EVB jumpers as

described by the table above, continue with the steps below:

6. Set the SW6 switch on the Eval board to the OFF position.

7. Connect the USB0 port on your EVB3.0 board to your computer through a USB cable.


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8. Start a terminal program such as Tera Term VT, HyperTerminal, or Putty and

configure it to connect to the evaluation board you are testing according to the serial

port settings specified by the firmware that was loaded onto the module on the EVB3.0

board. As a reference, GainSpan’s default Serial-to-WiFi UART settings are 9600 bps,

N/8/1 so for firmware with those settings, you should set your terminal program to the

serial port settings (see Figure 2).

Figure 2: Tera Term VT COM Port Settings - Standby Mode


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12. Power on the DC supply and set switch SW6 on the EVB 3.0 board to the ON position.

After doing so, you should see a message as follows on your serial terminal after

switching ON the power supply (see Figure 3).

Figure 3: Serial-to-WiFI APP Message Within Tera Term Window - Standby Mode

13. Through the serial terminal program, issue the following command to the Serial-to-WiFi

firmware on the board.

AT+PSSTBY=99999999


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This will set the board into standby mode for a period of 99,999,999 milliseconds, which will provide more than enough time for a voltmeter measurement to be completed. You can see this command being issued (see Figure 4).

Figure 4: Setting Standby Mode in Milliseconds – Standby Mode

14. Once the above command has been issued, and while the board is still in standby

mode (the message “Out of StandBy-Timer” is not received from the board on the

serial terminal) measure the observed power on the ammeter. This power will be the

module’s standby power.

Measured standby power consumption for a GS2200MIZ 3.3 module EVB3.0 board running standard 5.3.0 release candidate firmware (obtained from GainSpan’s website SDK Builder tool) when powered from a 3.3V DC supply was ~8 μA.


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1.3 MEASURING DEEP SLEEP POWER

The following procedure to measure deep sleep power can be used with the GS2200 EVB3 boards with GS2200M-EVB3 REV 1.1 marking on PCB and a GS2200MIZ marking on the label on the shield of the GainSpan module on the board.

To measure Deep Sleep power, a 3.3 Volt DC power supply is connected to test points TP3 (+) and TP6 (GND) of the EVB board (TP3 is a yellow loop connector labeled “BENCH 3V3”, while TP6 is a brown loop connector labeled “POWER MEAS SUPPLY GND) and a voltmeter is connected to the two pins of J14 , which have the voltmeter measure the voltage across the 1 Ohm R25 resistor which is placed in series to the GS2200 module on the EVB 3.0 board The voltmeter is left connected to the two pins of this connector while the jumper for this connector is still left connected shorting those two pins.

The GS2200 module under test is then placed into deep sleep mode by issuing the proper Serial to Wi-Fi command and the jumper is removed from J14. The voltmeter will then measure the voltage across the 1 Ohm resistor and this measured voltage is then equal to the power consumed by the GS2200 module while it is in deep sleep mode (as the voltage being measured is across a 1 Ohm resistor in series to the GS2200 module).

To explain what is being done here, the GS2200 evaluation board has a bank of resistors in series in between the board’s power supply and the GS2200M module under test. You can see this bank of resistors in the relevant portion of the evaluation board (see Figure 5).

Figure 5: Evaluation Board 3.0 Bank of Resistors - Measuring Deep Sleep Power


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The connections to be done on the GS2200 EVB 3 REV 3.0 board as shown in Figure 6.

Figure 6: Experimental Setup for Measuring GS2011 REV 3.0 Board Deep Sleep Power


1. Configure the EVB3.0 Board with GainSpan Serial-to-Wi-Fi Application Firmware (AFW), as provided with the Evaluation Kit. Loading of the Serial-to-Wi-Fi firmware can be done under USB power.





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Table 2: Standby Mode Jumper Settings for EVB3.0



N/A


N/A

J4

Leave all jumpers connected for J4 except for the following two jumpers:



labeled V_LED)




labeled VFLASH)



VIN_3V3_LED)



3V3_LED)



SEN_PWR)



EVB board’s LEDs.









and 3V3_LED jumper




to the sensors.


Leaves GPIO25/UART0_RTS connected .

J14

Connect GND terminal of voltmeter to left pin of connector J14, connect positive (+) terminal of voltmeter to right pin of connector J14.

Connects voltmeter to measure voltage across 1 Ohm resistor after placing module in deep sleep



J23






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N/A

J30 Leave jumper between pins 1 and 2 (Logic High – 3.3 V)


J31

Place jumper between pins 2 and 3 (pins marked as Bench 3V3 and closer to module on evaluation board).







J35



2


3.









is 1.8 V.



N/A


5. After connecting the power supply and voltmeter as well as configuring the EVB

jumpers as described by the table above, continue with the steps below:

6. Set the SW6 switch on the Eval board to the OFF position.

7. Connect the USB0 port on your EVB3.0 board to your computer through a USB cable.

8. Start a terminal program such as Tera Term VT, HyperTerminal, or Putty and

configure it to connect to the evaluation board you are testing according to the serial


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port settings specified by the firmware that was loaded onto the module on the EVB3.0

board. As a reference, GainSpan’s default Serial-to-WiFi UART settings are 9600 bps,

N/8/1 so for firmware with those settings, you should set your terminal program to the

serial port settings (see Figure 7).

Figure 7: Tera Term VT COM Port Settings – Standby Mode

15. Turn on the DC supply and after doing so, set switch SW6 on the EVB 3.0 board to the

ON position. After doing so, you should see a message like the following on your serial

terminal after turning the power supply on (see Figure 8).


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Figure 8: Serial-to-WiFi APP Message Within Tera Term Window - Standby Mode

16. Through the serial terminal program issue the following command to the Serial-to-WiFi

firmware on the board.

AT+PSDPSLEEP

This will set the board into deep sleep mode. You can see this command being issued (see Figure 9).


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Figure 9: Setting Module into Deep Sleep Mode

17. Once the above command has been issued, and while the board is still in deep sleep

mode (the message “Out of Deep Sleep” is not received from the board on the serial

terminal) measure the observed voltage on the voltmeter. This voltage will be

equivalent to the module’s deep sleep power, as the voltage is being measured across

the R25 1 Ohm resistor which is placed in line between the power supply and the

GS2200 module in the EVB board.

Measured deep sleep power consumption for a GS2200MIZ 3.3 module EVB3.0 board running standard 5.3.0 GA firmware (obtained from GainSpan website SDK Builder tool) when powered from a 3.3V DC supply was 485 μA (the voltage measured by the voltmeter following the above procedure was 485 μVolts).

Note:

- Ensure that you use a voltmeter with enough decimal digits to carry out the

measurement. In general, a voltmeter that measures voltages with 3-digit precision in

millivolts should be sufficient to conduct this measurement.

- This measurement can also be carried out with a Voltmeter measuring the voltage

across the J15 DP_SLP resistor in the EVB board which is a 100 Ohm resistor. Doing

the measurement using this resistor will provide better precision (due to the measured

voltage multiplying the observed power by 100 Ohms), however, it must be noted that

with standard Serial to Wi-Fi firmware, the firmware will periodically wake up from deep

sleep mode to perform network maintenance tasks and, by waking up from this state

and powering on the system’s CPUs, this will increase the power draw seen from the

GS2200 module, which may result in a larger voltage drop across the 100 Ohm


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resistor and can, in turn cause the system to reset due to an undervoltage condition,

thus, for general measurements, use of the J14 ACTIVE resistor as stated in the

procedure above is recommended.

1.4 MEASURING OPERATING POWER

The following procedure to measure the power consumption of a GainSpan module in active operating mode can be used with the GS2200 EVB3 boards (noted by “GS2200M-EVB3 REV 1.1” marking on PCB of evaluation board and a GS2200 MIZ marking on the label on the shield of the GainSpan module on the board).

The procedure is very similar to the static measurements of deep sleep mode shown in the previous section of this document, with very similar jumper and connection settings to those used in the previous section with the main differences being that instead of using a voltmeter as in the deep sleep power measurement procedure of the previous section, an oscilloscope will be used to measure the power consumption of the module while it switches between operating modes (standby, deep sleep, processor(s) enabled or processors + radio enabled). The oscilloscope will be used to provide a graphic trace of the power consumption of the module while it performs any given action (for example, associating to an access point, transmitting data, staying associated to an access point in PS-Poll mode, etc.) and, while doing so switching between its operating modes (standby, deep sleep, processor(s) on, radio on, etc.).

The setup for the active operating power measurement (see Figure 10).

Figure 10: Experimental Setup for Measuring EVB3.0 Board Operating Power


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The setup looks as follows:


1. Configure the EVB3.0 Board with the desired firmware.





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Table 3: Operating Power Measurement Jumper Settings for EVB3.0



N/A


N/A

J4

Leave all jumpers connected for J4 with the exception of the following two jumpers:



labeled V_LED)




labeled VFLASH)



VIN_3V3_LED)



3V3_LED)



SEN_PWR)



EVB board’s LEDs.









and 3V3_LED jumper




to the sensors.


Leaves GPIO25/UART0_RTS connected.

J14

Connect GND terminal of voltmeter to left pin of connector J14, connect positive (+) terminal of voltmeter to right pin of connector J14.

Connects voltmeter to measure voltage across 1 Ohm resistor after placing module in deep sleep



J23






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N/A

J30 Leave jumper between pins 1 and 2 (Logic High – 3.3 V)


J31

Place jumper between pins 2 and 3 (pins marked as Bench 3V3 and closer to module on evaluation board).







J35



2


3.









is 1.8 V.



N/A


5. Either leave the oscilloscope free-running with a long capture period (5 seconds per

division will be a good selection for this purpose), or configure the oscilloscope trigger

as needed for the test in question (for example, if you want to start capturing when the

radio is turned on, set the trigger to rising edge and trigger threshold that is above 50

milliamperes but below 100 milliamperes) so that it will start capturing at the moment

the GainSpan chip reaches the desired state.


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6. It is also recommended to set the Oscilloscope to 50 mV per division, as that will give

enough resolution to observe all operating modes, but if zooming into a mode is

desired, a different amplitude setting may be selected for the oscilloscope as desired.

7. If a serial connection is needed to the EVB to measure the state of interest (for

example, if you need to issue Serial-to-Wi-Fi commands to ask the module to

associate to an access point) Connect the USB0 port on your EVB board to your

computer through a USB cable.

8. Power on the DC supply and perform any needed setup to reach the desired operating

state (whether that is issuing Serial to Wi-Fi commands via a serial terminal or any

other actions on other devices - access points, other Wi-Fi clients, any network

servers, etc.).

9. As a final step before measuring the power consumption on the scope, make sure that

if you have a USB cable connected to either the USB0 or USB1 ports on the EVB

board those are disconnected prior to conducting the measurement on the

oscilloscope, as depending on what is connected to these ports, they can create an

alternate ground that can impact the performed measurement.

10. The instantaneous power consumption will be observed on the oscilloscope as I =

Oscilloscope Voltage Measurement / J14 Active Resistance = I = Oscilloscope Voltage

Measurement / 1, in other words, the voltage seen in the oscilloscope will directly be

the module’s instantaneous power consumption.

As a reference, the trace provided (see Figure 11) was obtained by associating a GS2200MIZ module to an access point and operating in PS-Poll mode with DTIM=1 periodicity with the above procedure and the following equipment:

Oscilloscope: Agilent MS06034A

Access Point: Linksys E1000 V2 with firmware version 2.1.02

GainSpan Evaluation Board: GS2200MIE-EVB3

GainSpan Wireless Firmware: 5.3.0 RC

GainSpan Application software: 5.3.0 RC Serial-to-Wi-Fi


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Figure 11: GS2200MIZ Associated to AP in PS-Poll Mode with DTIM=1


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Chapter 3 Power management States for SKB

The GS2200M Starter Kit Board (SKB) is an easy to use evaluation and development platform for GS2200M module-based products. It includes built-in power measurement features to facilitate estimated power consumption and battery life of the product. Power consumption is computed by multiplying measured voltage and current. This document specifies the current measurement aspects of the GS2200M Starter Kit Board (SKB). The GS2200M module’s supply voltage is constant – ~3.3V and theCurrent consumption varies with time. This document describes how to measure current consumption of the GS2200M module using various features of the GS2200M SKB. These techniques may be used to estimate power consumption and battery life of a product that will utilize the GS2200M.

1.5 POWER MEASUREMENT CIRCUITRY

The power measurement feature provides measuring the power drawn by the GS2200M and the external 1.8V regulator. It excludes the power consumed by the sensors, other peripherals and regulators. The power measurement circuitry as shown in Figure 12, consists of two shunt resistor options, selectable by switch SW6. These are in series with the GS2200M, after the sensor and peripheral load is excluded from power measurements. A current measuring amplifier amplifies the voltage drop over the selected shunt resistor to generate the power measurement signal. Power measurement at the bench supply source will not be accurate because they include power consumed by the other components on the board including LEDs, sensors, and the power measurement circuit. Hence bench supply source for measuring the power is not used.

Figure 12:Power Measurement Circuit


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Figure 13: Power Measurement Mode Switch

The power measurement mode switch (SW6), as shown in Figure 13, selects between the two shunt resistors for “Active” (coarse - 100mA/V) and “Sleep” (fine - 125uA/V) measurement. This yields measurement ranges of 0 – ~400mA or 0 – ~500uA, respectively. The switch is make-before-break such that it can be switched from Active to Sleep position after the GS2200M has entered deep-sleep, standby or hibernate without causing a brownout. The output of the amplifier is routed to the PMEAS test point (TP2). Use the PMEAS Test Point and the GND Test Point (TP3) to attach an oscilloscope or digital multi-meter.

1.6 BATTERY GAUGE CIRCUIT

The battery gauge circuit provides for measuring battery voltage under load. This may be used to estimate the remaining battery life in the Figure 14, the measurement circuit is controlled by GPIO10. ADC0 is used to measure the voltage. Setting GPIO10 high enables measurement mode by switching on a load (resistor to ground) on the battery and switching on the connection to ADC0. Jumper J11 enables or disables the battery gauge. Removing the jumper allows GPIO10 and ADC0 to be used for other purposes.

Figure 14: Battery Gauge Circuit

NOTE: ADC inputs to GS2200M may not be driven when GS2200M is in standby, therefore the ADC0 connection must be switched off when the GS2200M’s VDDIO supply is not powered. This is assured by using a GPIO to switch ON the ADC input.

1.7 SKB POWER STATES AND AVERAGE CURRENT


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GS2200M module used in SKB, supports the following power states/modes as described in Table 4. Each mode consume different amount of current. Typical average current consumption for each mode is given below:

Table 4: Power States

• Power State

• Typical Average Current

• Comments

• Hibernate • 260 nA • SKB doesn’t support this measurement

• Standby • 4-8 µA •

• Deep Sleep • 450 – 600 mA •

• RX - Active • 85 mA •

• TX - Active • 250 mA •

NOTE: Average current can vary from module to module. It can also depend on the software version. Please refer to the “GS2200M Data Sheet” for more information on the power states. The above mentioned average current consumption is based on GEPS 5.3.0 software.

1.8 CONFIGURING THE SKB FOR CURRENT MEASUREMENT

In order to measure current, SKB should be loaded with an appropriate firmware. The SKB hardware jumpers must be configured to select the proper power source as well as the power measurement mode. The following sections gives these configurations:

Building the S2W Firmware using SDK Builder

Please refer to Appendix A for instructions on how to build the S2W firmware using GainSpan SDK Builder.

Programming the S2W Firmware into the SKB

Please refer to Appendix B for instructions on how to program the S2W firmware using GS Flash Programming tool.

Jumper Settings for Current Measurements

The recommended settings for other jumpers for power measurement is described in Table 5. Once the power source is selected for measuring the current, review the settings using the below table:

Table 5: Recommended Jumper Settings for Power Measurements

Header Jumper Settings Comments


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J18 [1-2] and [7-8]

Others: Don’t care

Enable USB serial port connections to UART0 TX and RX signals

J20 Don’t care SPI master/slave jumpers

J11 Don’t care Battery Gauge enable jumper

J14 1.8V [2-3] VREG power source. Select “1.8V” [2-3] for lowest power. Select 3.3V [1-2] if omitting external 1.8V regulator from end product design.

J15 Don’t Care Power source for the sensors

J16 Don’t care Power LED enable jumper

Connecting the Bench Supply and Digital Multi -Meter

1. Set power source jumpers to “Bench Supply”, as per the below table:

Table 6: Power Source Selection

Power Source J19 J12 J13

Bench Supply Don’t Care Don’t Care BENCH [1-2]

Battery Don’t Care BATT [2-3] [2-3]

USB USB [1-2] [1-2] [2-3]

Arduino +5V [J3 pin 5] +5V [2-3] [1-2] [2-3]

2. Set the DC supply output voltage to 3.3V and set the current limit to 500 mA.

3. Turn OFF the DC supply.

4. Connect the positive terminal of bench supply to the 3.3V Test Point [TP4] and the

negative terminal to GND Test Point [TP5] on the SKB.

5. Connect the Digital Multi-Meter’s (DMM) positive terminal to the PMEAS Test Point

[TP2] and the negativeCOM terminal to the GND Test Point [TP3].

Make sure that the power measurement mode switch [SW6] is set to the ACTIVE position.

Configuring the Serial Port

Please refer to Appendix C for instructions on how to configure the serial port.


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1.9 MEASURING TRANSMIT CURRENT

Following steps are used to measure the transmit power current of 802.11b/g/n base mode i.e. 1Mbps/6Mbps/6.5Mbps transmit date rates.

1. Set the power measurement mode switch [SW6] to the ACTIVE position.

2. Power Cycle the SKB using the switch on the bench supply or, if bench supply is not

used, SKB’s power switch [SW5] can be used instead.

3. Issue the following AT commands to the SKB using the serial terminal program.

(These commands will generate a continuous 802.11b transmit signal at 1Mbps.)

4. The DMM will display the average transmit current.

Table 7: AT Commands and Comments

AT Commands Comments

at+wrfteststart

at+wtx100test=6,0,15,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1

802.11b transmit signal at 1Mbps

Expected Average TX current - ~215 mA

AT+WRFTESTSTOP

AT+WRFTESTSTART

at+wtx100test=6,0,21,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,3,0

802.11g transmit signal at 6Mbps


AT+WRFTESTSTOP

AT+WRFTESTSTART

at+wtx100test=6,0,21,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,2

802.11n transmit signal at MCS0


NOTE: Please refer “GS2200M S2W Adapter Command Reference Guide” for details on the above AT commands as well as generating signals at various data rates.

1.10 MEASURING RECEIVE CURRENT

Following are the steps used to measure Receive Current:


2. Power cycle the SKB.


(These commands will turn the receiver ON and enable asynchronous frame

reception.)

4. DMM will display the average receive current.


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AT Commands Comment

at+wrfteststart

at+wrxtest=6,0,536870912,00:00:00:00:00:00,0 Expected Average TX current - ~85 mA

NOTE: Please refer to the “GS2200M S2W Adapter Command Reference Guide” for details on the above AT commands.

1.11 MEASURING DEEPSLEEP CURRENT

Following are the steps used to measure DeepSleep current for GS2200M SKB.


2. Power Cycle the SKB

3. Issue the following AT commands to the SKB using the serial terminal program. (This

command will put the module into DeepSleep Mode.)

4. Set the power measurement mode switch [SW6] to the SLEEP position.

5. DMM will display the average receive current.

AT Commands Comment

at+psdpsleep=999999999999,1,1 Expected Deep Sleep Current - ~400 µA


1.12 MEASURING STANDBY CURRENT

Following are the steps used to measure the standby power current for GS2200 SKB.


2. Power Cycle the SKB.


(These commands will put the module into Standby Mode.)

4. Set the power measurement mode switch [SW6] to the SLEEP position.


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5. DMM will display the average receive current**.

AT Commands Comment

at+psstby=999999999999,1,1 Expected Standby Current - ~5-8 µA

NOTE: In Rev 1.2 of the SKB all current measurements are offset by about 14 µA due to current that flows into the -IN pin of the amplifier. When measuring very low current in the order of µA, please subtract 14 µA from the actual measurement. The offset can be determined by measuring the voltage drop across R25 with a multi-meter and dividing by the resistance (62.6 ohms).

Also, Please refer to the “GS2200M S2W Adapter Command Reference Guide” for details on the above AT commands

1.13 MEASURING PS-POLL AVERAGE CURRENT

During PS-POLL the current can vary from few µA to 100 mA very rapidly. To capture these variations an instrument with very high sampling rate and dynamic range is required. Usage of DMM or scope that can sample at high frequency, over a large dynamic range and average over a long period is suggested. This could be connected to PMEAS to integrate the power curve over a long period. Another option is using the 6705B DC Power Analyzer from Key Sight or other instruments with similar capabilities for accurate average current measurements. However, scope to measure the average current and a bench supply to power the SKB is used, as in previous sections.

PS-POLL with Standby Average Current Measurements




(These commands will put the module into PS-POLL mode and Standby in between.)

4. Use an oscilloscope to capture the current profile similar to the one shown in Figure

15.


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AT Commands Comment

at+wrxactive=0

at+wrxps=0

at+wkeepalive=0

at+wieeepspoll=2,,2,5

at+wieeepspoll=1

at+ndhcp=1

at+wa=AppleExtreme

at+psstbybwbeaconconf=0,1

at+psstbybwbeacon=1

Standby between PS-POLL & DTIM interval 5

Note – You can try different DTIM intervals by changing the value 5 to desired DTIM interval.

For example at+wieeepspoll=2,,2,3 will use

DTIM interval of 3

Expected Average Current for DTIM 5 - ~1 mA


Based on the above AT commands, the SKB exits from standby every 510ms (5th Beacon based on beacon interval of 102ms). As shown in Figure 15, the GS2200M wakes up from standby at P1 to turn the receiver ON and receive the beacon, then goes back into standby at P2. In order to calculate the average current drawn, the average current from time P1 through time P2 is accounted. Based on previous measurements, we know the GS2200M consumes 5-8 µA in standby mode. This data can be used and collected while the GS2200M is active to calculate the average current consumed over the entire polling cycle from the start of the cycle to the start of the next polling cycle. Based on polling every 510ms, the time in standby will be 510 – (P2 – P1) ms.

Average current consumed over one polling cycle is calculated using the following steps.

1. Export the data from your oscilloscope to a CSV file.

2. Import the CSV data into a spreadsheet program.

3. Scan the data and record the times P1 (where measured voltage first rises from the

standby level) and P2 (where measured voltage returns to the standby level).

4. Use the spreadsheet to calculate the average of measurements taken between times

P1 and P2. Define this value as Vactive, the average voltage while the GS2200M is

active.

5. Calculate the average current over an entire polling cycle using the following formulas:

Iavg = (Tactive * Iactive + Tstby * Istby) / (Tactive + Tstby)

or

Iavg = ((P2 – P1)ms * (Vactive * 100mA/V) + (510ms – (P2 – P1)ms) IstbymA) / 510ms


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Figure 15: Current Profile in using PS-Polling with Standy between Beacons

PS-POLL with DeepSleep Average Current Measurements



(These commands will put the module into PS-POLL mode and Standby in between.)

3. Use a power analyzer or DMM or Oscilloscope to measure measurement.

AT Commands Comment

at+wrxactive=0

at+wrxps=0

at+wieeepspoll=2,,2,1

at+wieeepspoll=1

at+wkeepalive=0

at+ndhcp=1

at+wa=AppleExtreme

at+psdpsleep=99999999,1,1,1

DeepSleep between PS-POLL & DTIM interval 1

Custom wake up independent of AP DTIM setting.

Note – You can try different DTIM intervals by changing the value 1 to desired DTIM interval.

For example at+wieeepspoll=2,,2,3 will use DTIM interval of 3 .

Expected Deep Sleep Current for DTIM 1 - ~3.5 mA


Based on the above set of AT commands, SKB exits from DeepSleep every 102ms (beacon interval is 102ms). As shown in Figure 16, the SKB turns ON the receiver to receive the Beacon


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and at P2, it goes back into DeepSleep. In order to calculate the average current drawn, average current from P1 through P2 is accounted. Based on previous measurements, GS2200M consumes ~400 µA in standby mode.This data can be used and collected while the GS2200M is active to calculate the average current consumed over the entire polling cycle from the beginning of on cycle to the beginning of the next polling cycle. Based on polling every 102ms, the time in standby is 102 – (P2 – P1) ms.

Figure 16: Current Profile using PS-Polling with Deepsleep between Beacons

To calculate the average current consumed over one polling cycle use the following steps.

1. Export the data from the oscilloscope to a CSV file.

2. Import the CSV data into a spreadsheet program.

3. Scan the data and record the times P1 (where measured voltage first rises from the

standby level) and P2 (where measured voltage returns to the standby level).

4. Use the spreadsheet to calculate the average of measurements taken between times

P1 and P2. Name tis value as Vactive, the average voltage while the GS2200M is active.

5. Calculate the average current over an entire polling cycle using the following formulas:

Iavg = (Tactive * Iactive + Tdeepsleep * Ideepsleep) / (Tactive + Tdeepsleep)

or

Iavg = ((P2 – P1)ms * (Vactive * 100mA/V) + (102ms – (P2 – P1)ms) IdeepsleepmA) / 102ms


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Appendix A Building the S2W Firmware using SDK Builder

To build S2W, login to GainSpan customer portal and build the firmware. Please refer to the “SDK Builder User Guide” for detailed instructions. While building the S2W application, ensure the following features are selected, as shown in Figure 17, Figure 18 and Figure 19

Figure 17: SDK Builder Configuration



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Appendix B Programming SKB with GainSpan Firmware

Once the S2W firmware is built, as described in Appendix A, program the SKB with the firmware

provided in “gs2200_s2w_5.3.0.bin”. Connect the mini-USB cable to the UART port on the SKB and other end to the PC. Power ON the SKB through USB. In that case, J19 jumper should be set to USB as a source of power and SW6 switch must be set to “ACTIVE”. Turn the SKB ON by setting SW5 switch to “ON” position. Once the USB port is enumerated (if using for the first time), then program the SKB.

Launch the GainSpan Serial Flash Programmer application from

“\Tools\GS_programming_tool”. Select “UART” to select interface and select the appropriate UART port.

If 115200 baud rate is chosen, as shown in the Figure 17, press and hold both “PROGRAM” [SW2] switch and “RESET” [SW4] switch, then release “PROGRAM” SW4 switch.

Alternatively, if 921600 baud rate is chosen, press and hold both “PROGRAM” and “RESTORE” [SW1] then release the “RESET” button.

Figure 20: Program Mode and GainSpan Flash Programmer

Once the SKB is detected successfully by the GainSpan Flash Programmer, select the superblock to be used “Super Block” and select the SKB firmware under “Current FW Version”. Serial Flash Programmer displays, if a valid superblock and firmware is selected. Now click on


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“Erase and Program” to program the SKB with selected firmware. “Finished Programming Module Flash” message is displayed which is as shown in Figure 21.

Figure 21: Status of Firmware Programming


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Appendix C Configuring Serial Port for Power Measurement

1. Connect the USB port on the SKB board to the computer through a USB cable.

2. Start a terminal program (Tera Term VT, HyperTerminal, or Putty).

3. Configure the terminal to connect to the SKB per the serial port settings specified by

the firmware which is loaded onto the module on the SKB. As a reference, GainSpan’s

default Serial-to-Wi-Fi UART settings is 9600 bps, N/8/1 as shown in Figure 22.

Figure 22: Serial Port Settings

4. Power ON the bench supply. (if power source other than a bench supply is used, turn

power ON by switching the power switch [SW5] to the ON position). A message would

be displayed on the serial terminal after switching ON the power. As shown in Figure

23.


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Figure 23: Serial Port Output

gs2k module power measurement application note · 2018-02-07 · gs2k module power measurement...

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