Group technologyGroup technology• Group Technology or GT is a manufacturing philosophy in

which the parts having similarities (Geometry, manufacturingprocess and/or function) are grouped together to achievehigher level of integration between the design andmanufacturing functions of a firm. The group of similar parts isknown as part family and the group of machineries used toprocess an individual part family is known as machine cell.

• It is not necessary for each part of a part family to beprocessed by every machine of corresponding machine cell.This type of manufacturing in which a part family is producedby a machine cell is known as cellular manufacturing. Themanufacturing efficiencies are generally increased byemploying GT because the required operations may beconfined to only a small cell and thus avoiding the need fortransportation of in-process parts.

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Group technologyGroup technology• Intuitive grouping is the simplest and most

common method of creating part families.Experienced engineers and shop peopleexamine the product mix and separate productsand parts into processing families. These partfamilies become the basis for workcells.

• When there are more than about 100 parts andmore than a dozen or so processes, ProductionFlow Analysis (PFA) or Coding &Classification is indicated.

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Group technology andGroup technology andmanufacturingmanufacturing

GT and ManufacturingGroup Technology benefits manufacturing in many ways. It reduces the numberand variety of parts. Process planning for the remaining parts is easier and moreconsistent.Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP) is an important tool for this. It uses thecoded similarities to plan consistently, standardize and accurately estimate costs.It then assigns the part to a GT manufacturing cell.Group Technology cells reduce throughput time and Work-In-Process. Theysimplify schedules, reduce transportation and ease supervision.

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Group technologyGroup technology

Coding & Classification system

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Group technologyGroup technology

This part contains allmanufactured surfacesof group of the singleparts – complex part

There are tools for machining ofall parts of the group

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Group technologyGroup technology

GT results in simpler material flow

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Flexible manufacturing cellClic

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Flexible manufacturingcell

Flexible manufacturing system

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Group technologyGroup technology -- PFAPFA

Production Flow Analysis (PFA) uses a matrix of part numbers and machine numbers togroup families. Columns represent the machines whose numbers and names are at the top.Rows represent parts whose numbers and names are on the left. When a particular partrequires a particular machine, the operation sequence number is in the intersectingspreadsheet cell. Sometimes, merely an "X" signifies that a particular part needs aparticular machine.

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General Achievements of Group TechnologyClic

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