group 8 telescope calub li misola
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
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Telescopes
T02 - CalubT08 - Li
T10 – Misola
Physics 3 Presentation
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Definition
Telescopes – are instruments used to observe
remote, distant objects. It collects and focuses light
coming from the observed object, resulting to a clearer,
magnified image of it.
* We need magnification for our eyes don’t have enough space to see distant things.
Pixel example.
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A Bit of History
• Coming from the word “tele” – far and
“skopein” – far seeing.
• Since its invention in 1608 by Hans
Lippershy, it has been widely used in
Astrophysics. Galileo was considered
the father of telescopes.
• Galileo first used a telescope for
astronomical purposes.
• Kepler improved the design further
using two convex lenses.
As of now,
from the simple
lens ancestor, it
has evolved into
gamma ray,
infrared
telescopes,
basically the
types of
electromagnetic
waves available.
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• Properties– Aperture – how well it can collect light.
• Larger diameter = more light = clearer view
– Magnification• Factors affecting the performance of telescopes
in magnifying objects vary depending on the following:– Availability of Light in the Environment– Combination of Lenses/Mirrors Used
• Thickness and focal length
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Parts of a Telescope
• Objective Lens – collects lots of lights and focuses it into a very small image at the focus.•Eyepiece Lens – magnifies the focused image into a size that perfectly fits into the viewer’s eyes.
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Two Basic Types
• Reflecting– An optical telescope.
• Increases apparent brightness of object, and its angular size.
– Invented in the 17th Century.
– More used nowadays in astronomical labs.
– Mirror based.
• Refracting – Also an optical
telescope.– Primarily uses lenses.– Invented earlier.
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Refracting Telescope
• Uses concave objective
and convex ocular lens.
•Bends parallel lights
into a focal point to
create a clearer image.
•Angular magnification is
equal to the ratio of
objective focal length over
eyepiece focal length.
•Used in binoculars.
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•Pros:•Low Maintenance•Clear and contrasting Images•Ease of Usage
•Cons:• Chromatic Aberration
• Fringes or Rainbow like appearances at the points of the images where dark and light colors appear.• Because of the different wavelengths in a white light.
•Costs more.•Not developed for Astronomical Purposes.• Light loss.
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Reflecting Telescope
•Commonly uses parabolic
primary mirror and angled
flat secondary mirror to
focus light into the
eyepiece.
• Famous models are
Gregorian
and Newtonian telescopes.
•Easier to manufacture,
cheaper materials and less
spherical abberations.
First model built in 1688 by Newton.
Its popularity increased with the
advent in silver coating, parabolic
mirror manufacturing,
segmented mirrors, etc.
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•Pros•Cheaper to manufacture•More capable to detect faint astronomical objects.• Tends to have more compact design.
•Cons• The tube body can get easily destroyed = high maintenance.• Bulkier Design•Spherical Abberation•Higher magnification = smaller field of view
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Catadioptric Telescopes
•Uses both lenses and mirrors.
•Used widely in taking highly accurate magnifications/lighting . I.e.: microscopes, headlamps, etc.
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Here are other types of Telescopes
Radio Telescopes
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Gemini N Mauna Kea (4213 m), Hawaii
Gemini S Cerro Pachon (2722 m), Chile
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William Herschel telescope 4.2 m, La Palma (2400 m), Canary Islands, Spain
Optical and IR
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References• http://science.howstuffworks.com/telescope3.htm• http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?
gcx=w&ix=c2&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&q=cache%3Atelescopes.lifetips.com%2Fcat%2F64000%2Frefracting-telescopes%2Findex.html
• http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?gcx=w&ix=c2&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&q=cache%3Atelescopes.lifetips.com%2Fcat%2F63999%2Freflecting-telescopes%2Findex.html
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatic_aberration• http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?
q=cache:ZKn7pHGyE8EJ:www.astro-tom.com/technical_data/useful_formulas.htm+telescope+formulae&cd=1&hl=tl&ct=clnk&gl=ph
• http://www.slideshare.net/radmila/telescopes-presentation• http://www.slideshare.net/bergsa/HowTelescopesWork