group 1 soft copy-es

7/31/2019 Group 1 Soft Copy-ES

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Group 1

Michelle Casuncad

Melody Joy Austria

Argel Victor Servita Isaguirre

Jon-Jon Navarro

Marco Masicap Uy
https://www.facebook.com/casuncadmichellehttps://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100002510832355https://www.facebook.com/argelvictorhttps://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100001738437672https://www.facebook.com/marco.m.uyhttps://www.facebook.com/marco.m.uyhttps://www.facebook.com/marco.m.uyhttps://www.facebook.com/marco.m.uyhttps://www.facebook.com/marco.m.uyhttps://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100001738437672https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100001738437672https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100001738437672https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100001738437672https://www.facebook.com/argelvictorhttps://www.facebook.com/argelvictorhttps://www.facebook.com/argelvictorhttps://www.facebook.com/argelvictorhttps://www.facebook.com/argelvictorhttps://www.facebook.com/argelvictorhttps://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100002510832355https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100002510832355https://www.facebook.com/casuncadmichellehttps://www.facebook.com/casuncadmichelle


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The composition of the atmosphere has been

gradually changing over the past millions of years, it

is only during the last two to three hundred years,

since the beginning of the industrial revolution in

Europe and North America, however, that man has

begun to affect this change . The process has

accelerated over the past 50 years as more countries

have also embarked on rapid economic development.

In this chapter reviews some of the importanttrends dealing with local air quality and regional

concerns.


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Air Pollution-another term for Atmospheric

Pollution, is a contamination of the atmosphere

by gaseous, liquid, or solid wastes or by-products

that can endanger human health and the healthand welfare of plants and animals, or can attack

materials, reduce visibility, or produce

undesirable odors.


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Natural events, such as volcanic eruptions,

forest fires and dust storms caused the first air

pollution problems.

With the discovery of fire,Human-made air

pollution was born. Ancient peoples use fire for

heating and cooking.

As communities grew, so did air pollution.

During the Industrial Revolution,People started

using machines and factories to manufacturethings in large quantities. Factories needed

power, and this power came from the burning of

fuels such as coal and oil.


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In London during the early 1950s, killer

fogs created by pollution from coal burning,

led to more than 5,000 deaths.

In 1956, Great Britain passed a Clean Air Act,requiring the use of cleaner fuels, better

furnaces, and electric heat. Within a few

years, particulate levels in London dropped

30%. The United States Congress passed thefirst Clean Air Act in 1963.


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the last several decades have seen a

tremendous increase in the use of

automobiles. In Spokane County, 9,279,822

vehicle miles are driven daily. By the year 2025, vehicle miles travels are

expected to grow to 14,726,784. Thats equal

to 32 trips to the moon and back! Today,

motor vehicles are the leading cause of airpollution.


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Do you know that the fart of a dinosaur is

one of the big contributors of air pollution?


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INDUSTRIAL EMISSIONS

This particular cause effects every single corner of the globe.

Manufacturing facilities, power plants, and waster incinerators are all

industries that emit high levels of carbon monoxide, organic compounds

and chemical into the atmosphere.

BURNING OF FOSSIL FUELS

Fossil fuels are emitted from cars, jetplanes or even used to extract

greater amounts of fossil fuel on earth.

It is also most controversial of the causes of air pollution as fossil fuel are

necessary elements of todays society.


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CHEMICALS

This cause encompasses a number of chemicals such as those commonlyused household cleaning products or painting supplies.

SMOKING

A Lethal form of Air pollution.

When adults smoke or other people, the smoke from the cigarettes

combine or is attached to the air which will cause air pollution.

THE EARTH ITSELF

There are a number of air pollutants which come directly from the Earth

itself.

It contributes to air pollution through volcanic eruption, wildfires, and

other natural process.


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SMOG

Sometimes described as a combination of Smoke and Fog.

It comes from exhausts and othe emissions put out by a modern city

ACID RAIN

Is a precipitation containing harmful amounts of nitric and sulfuric acid-

These acids are formed primarily by nitrogen oxides and sulfuric oxides

released into the atmosphere when fuels are burned.

Causes when chemicals from pollutants enter the atmosphere and

become bound to rain droplets.


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AIR POLLUTION AFFECTS HUMANS AND HEALTH The effects of air pollution on humans are fatal and life-threatening.

Consistent exposure to the pollutants leads to the development of:

Cardiopulmonary disease

Pneumonia

Premature mortality

Heart attack

Asthma

Difficulty in breathing

Wheezing and coughing


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ECONOMIC HARM

air pollution can also adversely affect the economy. With air pollutioncausing illnesses among people in the workforce, time and productivityare lost.

EUTROPHICATION is a condition in a water body where high concentrations of nutrients

(such as nitrogen) stimulate blooms of algae, which in turn can cause fishkills and loss of plant and animal diversity.

CROPS and FORESTS DAMAGE a plant cannot exist without this means to make food and produce

energy. Even a reduction in photosynthesis can have ill effects. Reducedgrowth in leaves and fruit make plants less productive.


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EFFECTS ON WILDLIFE

Toxic pollutants in the air, or deposited on soils or surface waters, can impact

wildlife in a number of ways. Like humans, animals can experience health problems

if they are exposed to sufficient concentrations of air toxics over time.

OZONE DEPLETION

Ozone forms a layer that protects life on earth from the sun's harmful ultraviolet

(UV) rays. But this "good" ozone is gradually being destroyed by man-made

chemicals referred to as ozone-depleting substances.

GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and the GREENHOUSE EFFECT

Air pollution changes our planets climate.It is harmful because the main

problematic gases released in terms of polution is carbon monoxide and carbon

dioxide-both of these trap the heat of the sun and therefore heat up the climate,

also can cause acid rain which can get into our water system and can kill the trees

and plants.

The greenhouse effect is a phenomenon whereby greenhouse gases create a

condition in the upper atmosphere causing a trapping ofheat and leading to

increased surface and lower tropospheric temperatures.


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top 10 air polluting countries are:

1. China

2. United States

3.Russia

4. India

5. Japan

6. Germany

7. Canada

8. United Kingdom

9. South Korea

10. Iran


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The Great London Smog of 1952.

Causing Approximately 4,000 Deaths and

100,000 sickened.

A period of cold weather combined withanticyclone, windless conditions and

affected visibility.

Reasons

Numerous coal-fired power

stations.

Smoke from vehicle exhaust.

Burning more coal than usual.


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The Donora Smog of 1948.

Air-inversion resulting into a wall of

smog.

Causing 20 Deaths and 7,000

Sickened.

Reasons

Sulfur Dioxide emission of Steel and

Wire plant.

Temperature inversion.


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2006 SouthEast Asian Haze.

Continued uncontrolled burning

form slash and burn.


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-a severe air pollution event that

affected London during December

1952. It is considered the worst air

pollution event in the history ofUnited Kingdom.

- The weather preceding and during

the smog meant that Londoners

were burning more coal than usual

to keep warm.

Lasted 5 days.

- The smog first rolled into Donora

on October 27, 1948. Lasted two

days.


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Causing heavy ash fall covered a

land area about 4000 square

kilometers ( reached as far asmanila).

causing the world's temperature to

drop by an average of 1.8 degrees

Fahrenheit (1 degree Celsius).

* Took almost 500 lives anddisplaced tens of thousands of

families.

* Daytime turns to Night time over

Central Luzon because of enormous

cloud of volcanic ash.


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The State shall promote and protect the global environment toattain sustainable development while recognizing the primaryresponsibility of local government units to deal withenvironmental problems.

The State recognizes that the responsibility of cleaning the

habitat and environment is primarily area-based.

The State also recognizes the principle that "polluters must pay".

The State recognizes that a clean and healthy environment is forthe good of all and should therefore be the concern of all.

Formulate a holistic national program of air pollution managementthat shall be implemented by the government through properdelegation and effective coordination of functions and activities;


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Focus primarily on pollution prevention rather than oncontrol and provide for a comprehensive managementprogram for air pollution;

Promote public information and education and toencourage the participation of an informed and active

public in air quality planning and monitoring; and

Formulate and enforce a system of accountability for shortand long-term adverse environmental impact of a project,program or activity. This shall include the setting up of afunding or guarantee mechanism for clean-up and

environmental rehabilitation and compensation forpersonal damages.


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The enactment of the Clean Air Act of 1970

(1970 CAA) resulted in a major shift in the

federal government's role in air pollution

control

This legislation authorized the development

of comprehensive federal and state

regulations to limit emissions from bothstationary (industrial) sources and mobile

sources.


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First federal air pollution legislation

Funded research for scope and sources of airpollution


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Authorized the development of a national

program to address air pollution related

environmental problems

Authorized research into techniques to

minimize air pollution


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Authorized enforcement procedures for air

pollution problems involving interstate

transport of pollutants

Authorized expanded research activities


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Authorized programs for Acid Deposition Control

Authorized a program to control 189 toxicpollutants, including those previously regulatedby the National Emission Standards for Hazardous

Air PollutantsEstablished permit program requirements

Expanded and modified provisions concerningthe attainment of National Ambient Air QualityStandards

Expanded and modified enforcement authority

Established a program to phase out the use ofchemicals that deplete the ozone layer.


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The program commenced in 1999 and wasprojected to run until 2002

The primary goal of this program is to research

the application of market-based instruments,such as emissions fees, for managing bothstationary and mobile sources of pollution inMetro Manila.

The primary goal of this program is to researchthe application of market-based instruments,such as emissions fees, for managing bothstationary and mobile sources of pollution inMetro Manila.


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