grg?rî+Sustainable and Green Business Magazine

Painting the blue skies green

Protein source: a world challenge

Living Tree...Life lmitates AtCops go green

Understandingcommercial waste

managementWastes from the business

community do not necessarilygo to the same landfrll as

domestic waste

Hydropower todrive economic

growth in AseanSarawak Energy at

the forefront in poweringup the region

Embracingeco-desisn

SIRIN/ s Eco lndustrialDesign Centre(EIDC) set to

assist localdesign andman ufacturing industries

[ttlDBC a forum for

transfer greett attd

colllpallie$ alld agellcie$, business

lllalaysia to

to local

in this issue

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FEATURE

Protein source: a world challengeFeed lndustry has already initiated some deep formulation

BYI{EVINWONG

l"ii:; ilili li;l i j., ;i:i facing a critical challenge for the coming decades: feedan ever increasing population.

Finding new protein sourcesis one of the most critical points,

Not only the demography is an issue but thefeeding habit has been evolving quickly in allnew growing economies where demand ofanimal protein explodes with the increasingIiving standards Livestock farming, taking allspecies together, experiences a colossal boomto meet this ever rncreasing protein demand.

Forecasts in population growth andwealthier economies in developing countrieswill translate in a steady growth in animalprotein demand,

Further growth in livestock produc-tron, which is about 200 millior-rs tons nowand which should double by 2050 will addimportant pressure on cereal and protein-richby products.

On the other hand, any growth in seafoodproduction, which is estimated between 30to 60 milhons tons by year by 2050, can onlybe supported by aquaculture; improvement in catches in unlikely to happen whenover B0% of the fishery stocks are alreadyfully exploited, recovering, depleted oroverexploited,

This huge expected growth in anrmalprotein demand will require importantimprovement in supply in feedstuffs, fromcereal to protern-based products,

Today, animal compound feed strongly relyon two major source of proteinr soybean andfishmeal (issued from wild captures),

EntoFood Malaysia President Frederic Vialasaid there had been a drop in the flshmeal pro-tein source as the fishmeal comes from wildcatch fish in the ocean and this flsh stock wasnow depleting,

"At the same time, it is also the increasingdemands of flshmeal due to the developmentof aquacultur e ' said Viala,

"The flsh-farmers are already looking fornew fishmeal proteln alternative because thefishmeal price is now too high and the offer isdecreasing,'

The feed rndustry has already initiatedsome deep changes in formulation due to themarket changes, by reducing drastically theuse of fishmeal in Iivestock feed which havebeen replaced by plant based protein,

Further increase in plant based proteinproduction can be achieved by expanding cul-tivated lands and increasing yields. Agricultureproduction dedicated to livestock feed willcompete more and more with direct human

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use of crops, increasing concerns for forestand biodrversity conservation programs,development of infrastructures and urbanization, growing non-food crop production(fiodieset) and eventually production is someregions are limited due to soil degradation andrncreasing water scarcity,

Viala added "For a few years the industryhas been looking for alternative proteins ininsect, algae and single cell, Insect has thelowest productron cost and the insect farmingtechnology is ready to go. The insect protein isvery close to the fishmeal quality, Insects area common and natural food for wild fish likesalmon, trout turbot, catfish and etc,"

Increasir-rg scarcity of natural resources,agricultural land and water together with theoil price volatility and a sustained demandled to a constant increase of commodity priceduring the Iast decade

To be able to keep up with the growing protein demand the world feed industry is urgedto seek new sources of protein wlrich couldreplace fishmeal, Tremendous scientific andflnancial efforts are being dedicated to it fromboth private and public entities.

WastesituationBased on the latest published figure Malaysiagenerated approximately 33,000 tonnes of

MSW daily in2012, exceeding the projectedwaste generation of 30,000 tonnes by 2020,This is an alarming figure because 33,000tonnes of daily waste production is equaledto 12 million tonnes of waste per year

In addition, 52% of the total (33,000tonnes/day) MSW consisted of organicfractions (i,e, food waste), This is an impor-tant factor in designing the suitabie wastemanagement strategy whrch has a directimplication on the cost of (waste) management and its environmental impact,

In the EU, MSW compositlon is domlnatedby packaging material or inorganic waste,Their organic fractlon represents only about25% of the total MSW generated. So, wastemanagement strategies developed in EU aremainly relied on incineration and recycling

In contrast, the MSW profile in Malaysiahas hrgh percentage of organic fractionwhich jeopardises the efficiency and/orcost effectiveness of incineration technology (mostly developed by the moredeveloped nations to handle their wasteprof,les),

Today, few incinerators have been built inMalaysia but all have failed to achieve its fullpotential, due to the hrgh organrc content inMalaysia's waste profile.

Viala saidr "The problem with theMalaysian waste is the organic fractionrepresents 50 % of the waste and is very wet,That means the wastes are not burnable, Bysegregating the organic fraction for insectbioconversion the waste, mainly inorganicbecome easily burnable,"

As such, landfilling is the availableoption of waste management practice rnMalaysia as it is an easier and cheapermethod. Nevertheless, such practiceis not sustainable and environmentalunfriendly,

Malaysia had committed to reduc-ing its greenhouse gas emission by 40percent of the country gross domesticproduct by 2020. Government is inter-ested to see the adoption of wastemanagement technologies that haveminimal environmental impact and costeffective. Furthermore, the country couldnot depend on landfills anymore due toscarcity of land and its negative impacton the environment,

Wastes should no longer be consrdered a burden but as an opportunity,

The 21st century will be driven bybiotechnologres whrch will play a keyrole in generating wealth, source ofdevelopment and solving envrronmentalproblem, These will, in turn, offer betterIulure lor the next generations

44 f.b,r"ry march green+2015

FEATURE

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Industry relfng moreon newproteln sources

Entofood has mastered insect mass-culture

ï.l§ T'AIhiAHLE aquaculturegrowth is facing a major chal-lenge: access to new sustainablesource of protein, Aquaculturehas been the fastest-growing

anrmal based food sector during the pastdecade, Forecasts indicate that shortly f,shfor human consumption originating fromaquaculture are expected to surpass those

from capture f,sherres, By 2050, the aquaculture production is foreseen to increase by4 folds from the present 50 MMT,

To enable such growth, the industry willhave to rely more and more on new sourcesof protein which wiil have to be economi-cally and environmentally sustainable,

Increasing scarcity of fishmeal and vola,tile price of soybean meal put the economicsustainability of the industry at risk,

Alternative source of protein will growin the short future, such as algae and singlecell protein, Entofood has mastered insectmass-culture which will bring an economicand environmental new alternative of pro-tein for aquaculture diets.

Entofood ActivityEntofood initiated an R&D pro-gramme in 2010 on the life-cycle and

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bioconversion capacity of Hermetiaillucens, a Diptera beionging to theStratiomyidae family, The choice ofthis species was driven by biologicaland economical considerations. Aworldwide distribution of the species,its non-pest status, high fecundity,fast larval development and a verywide feeding regime are among themost important characteristics of thisspecies.

Since, Ëntofood mastered repro-duction in artiflcial environment, massproduction of eggs and feeding modelswhich enable development of indus-trial scale insect production.

Hermetia iliucens, which is a detri-tivorous species, can feed on a verÿwide range of organic products frommanure to carrions or food wastes.

Targeting the supply of a sustain*able and economical source of proteinfor compound feed, Entofood choseto focus on clean source of organicproducts to guarantee the sanitaryquality of its f,nished product. Plus, asan ethical value Entofood decided toavold using in its business model rawmaterial which could be used directlyfor livestock or human consumption.

Today, Entofood has built a pilotproduction unit in Malaysia which willproduce 1MT of insect meal per month,This pre-industrial phase will bedestined to test the zootechnicai per-formance of its insect meal in variousfarm-raised species and to developspecif,c machinery to enable a fast andeconomical industrial development.

In 2013 Entofood will initiate theconstruction of a first industrialmodule with a targeted monthlyoutput of 100MT of meal, From there,based on demand, production facilitiescould be developed for much highervolumes.

Raw tvlaterial ChoiceTo feed the insect larvae Entofoodstrictly use fresh food wastes issued

from wholesale market and collectiv-ity restaurants. The diet given to theinsects is then composed of fruits andvegetables discarded at wholesalemarket and cooked food unused fromrestaurants. Food wastes are collectedon a daily basis to guarantee freshnessand ration are calculated to enable totalconsumption by the insects withinthe same day. This process enabie tomaintain good sanitary condition ofthe living substrate of the animals,

InsectMealOnly Iarval stage is used to make themeal.lnthis species the imago are not

feeding and only live on their reserve.During their development Iarvaewill accumulate protein and lipids toenable completion of the metamor-phosis into adult and build up reservefor the reproductive cycle.

Once larvae have completed theircycle, they are harvested and will gothrough a processing line where theywill be sieved, washed, dried at lowtemperature and grinded into mea1,

The quality of the meal obtainedfrom the maggots has a high profatvalue (70%) with protein and fat con-tent of 40% and 30% respectively.

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FEATURE

illucens meal incorporated in compoundfeed indicate good zootechnical perfor-mances in rainbow trout, tilapia, catf,sh andturbot,

More applied trials need to be conductedto def,ne the best inclusion rate, and there-fore the fishmeal substitution level, percommercialfeed,

Environmental BenefitThe insect meal produced by Entofood offersa sustalnable and environmental friendlysolution as protein source.

In the model developed by Entofood, theproduct issued from the digestion of the foodwastes by the insect iarvae can be valorizedas an organic fertilizer which provide acomplete recycling of the nutrients and avoidenvironmental impact of organic wastes.

Organic wastes are presently among themost polluting fraction of Municipal wasteswhen landf,lled inunsanitaryfacilities, which

:s the most common practice in wastes

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management, Organic v/astes generateleachate which contaminate soil and under-ground water, filthy environment and largeamount of greenhouse gas (COZ and CH4),By diverting these wastes from landfillingpractlces, the insects bioconversion allevi-ate environmental burden related to theirmanagement.

TechnologyRolloutHermetia illucens is present all around theworld in tropical and temperate zones. Itspresence worldwide and its ability to degradea large range of organic products will enablein the future to develop productlon facilitiescloser to the feed manufacturer improving bythat mean self-sufflciency of key raw mate-rial and reducing transport cost and carbonfootprint of the compound feeds.

Once the first industrial module will beoperational and complete automation systemdeveloped, Entofood can consider technologyrollout in other production areas. @

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SECURITYT 107o organic wastes:onverted

{E 000'lbns Malaysia develop aquaculture & expoii insectmeal

Brcen+2015 lebruary march 47